GET IT DONE!

• Explain in your own words how there was a shift from EXPLORERS to CONQUISTADORS?

Spain Builds an Empire

• Was Columbus a hero or a villain? • Should there be a holiday?• Those are your opinions, here is what you need to

know!• Sailed west in 1492 in search of a trade route to Asia.• NINA, PINTA & SANTA MARIA reached the Bahamas

in the Caribbean• Not los indios, but the Taino (The people who

accepted Columbus with open arms & were “connected” to the Spanish)

Columbus Finds New Land

• Claims land San Salvador or “Holy Savior”• No Gold? “It was my wish to bypass no island

without taking possession”• Spain finances three more voyages!• 1493-1495• 1498• 1502-1503

• What are there intentions with Americas now?– Trade routes into colonization

Civilization Chart!• In groups of 4 make a chart:– Mayan– Aztec– Incan (2 people read)

Mayan Aztec Incan

Location

Religion

Economic

Government

Society

Inventions

Panama

• Vasco Nunez de Balboa crosses the Isthmus of Panama in 1513

• Becomes first person to reach the Pacific Ocean.

Read “Cortes Conquers the Aztecs"

• Why may it be difficult for Cortes to conquer the Aztecs?• How do the Aztecs greet Cortes? Similar to the Taino?• How are the reports back to Spain from Cortes similar to

Columbus?• Why were the Aztecs considered savages?• How does Cortes defeat the Aztecs?

Mexico

• 1519: Hernando Cortes lands in Mexico.• Cortes reaches Tenochtitlan, Aztec capital.• Aztec Emperor Montezuma II greets them with

gifts (gold). • Spanish finally conquer Aztecs in 1521 • 3 major reasons– Superior weapons– Malinche?– Disease

Read “Malinche”

• Who is Malinche?

• How does she impact the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs?

Peru

• 1532 Francisco Pizarro arrives in South America

• Pizarro crushes the Incans, kidnaps Atahualpa• Spanish execute Atahualpa even though he

provides ransom• Pizarro conquers Incan capital Cuzco in 1533

Read “Atahualpa”

• Who is Atahualpa?

• Why did his execution cause problems in Spain?

Mixing of Cultures

• Peninsulares:– Spanish settlers to the Americas (mostly men)

• Mestizo: – Mixed Spanish & Native American population

• Encomienda: Read “Encomienda”– Natives paid tribute in the form of labor

Spain pushes North

• 1513:– Juan Ponce de Leon claims modern-day Florida

• 1540-1541:– Francisco Vasquez de Coronado voyaged through

modern-day Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas.

– Not much gold, Monarchy sends priests to spread Catholic religion

Portugal Voyages to East?

• In 1500, Pedro Alvares Cabral claims modern day Brazil for Portugal.

• In 1501, Amerigo Vespucci, Italian exploring for Portugal, claims land a “new” world

• 1507 continent is named “America” in honor of Vespucci.

• 1530 began settling Brazil and set up prosperous sugar plantations

Impact of Women

• Read the text about two women who greatly impacted the Spanish Empire and supported the convergence of continents.– Who are they? – How did they impact the empire?– How did they support the merging of continents?– How are these two women similar to Malinche?