Linde AG | Linde Gas Division | 82049 Höllriegelskreuth | Germany Phone: +49 89 74 46-0 | Fax: +49 89 74 46-1230 | www.linde-gas.com

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Always the reliable partner by your sideECOVAR® – Standard on-site solutions

Getting ahead through innovation

With its innovative gas supply concepts, Linde Gas is playing a pioneering role in the global mar-

ket. As a technology leader, our task is to constantly raise the bar. Traditionally driven by entre-

preneurship, we are working steadily on new high-quality products and innovative processes.

Linde Gas offers more. We create added value, clearly discernible competitive advantages and grea-

ter profitability. Each concept is tailored specifically to meet our customers’ requirements on a uni-

que and individual basis. This applies to all industries and all companies regardless of their size.

If you want to keep pace with tomorrow’s competition, you need a partner by your side for whom

top quality, process optimization and enhanced productivity are part of daily business. However,

we define partnership not merely as being there for you but, more importantly, with you. After all,

joint activities form the core of commercial success. Linde Gas – ideas become solutions.

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Uninterrupted gas supply with economical

and reliable support from Linde.

The ECOVAR® concept from Linde Gas is the solution of choice.

ECOVAR® at a glance _ gas supply agreement_ system consisting of a standard

plant and a back-up unit_ system built, installed and

operated by Linde_ portfolio of standard plants

with high flexibility

Linde Gas works closely with youto ensure uninterrupted supply.

EconomicalECOVAR® supply systems are built around standardized components to ensure maxi-mum cost efficiencies. Standardized design and dimensions play an important role incutting the costs involved in engineering, building, installing, operating and maintainingon-site gas supply systems. Through optimal combination of production plant and back-up unit the ECOVAR® concept offers solutions with minimal capital expenditure, opera-tional costs and consumption of utilities, such as energy and water.

VariableThe ECOVAR® portfolio is extremely flexible. Systems and system modules can be com-bined as required to create tailored solutions that suit local requirements. ECOVAR®

systems can be designed for indoor or outdoor installation to fit available space and foravailability of utilities (energy, water and compressed air). ECOVAR® plants are general-ly mounted in cabinets, on skids or in containers for fast, trouble-free installation/commissioning and relocation. To suit individual flow, purity and pressure require-ments, Linde Gas has developed a series of standard plant product lines for nitrogen,oxygen and hydrogen.

ReliableECOVAR® systems comprise a standard plant and a back-up unit to ensure uninterrup-ted supply all year round (8760 hours). Automatic control systems track fluctuations indemand, automatically activating the back-up unit to support production peaks. Theback-up unit can also be activated in the event of a plant stop. Both the production plantand back-up unit are normally monitored by the nearest Linde Gas center to ensure areliable gas supply.

Environmentally soundECOVAR® systems are more environmentally friendly than conventional supplymethods. Product transport and energy consumption are reduced to a minimum by pro-ducing the required gas on-site.

Cylinder & BulkSupply

CRYOSS®

MEMOSS®

ADSOSS®-N

CRYOSS®

HP/UPAir

SeparationPlants

O2 content (%)

Capacity (m3/h)10 100 1000 10000

0,1 %

0,01 %

10 ppm

1 ppm

100 ppb

1 %

10 ppb

1 ppb

1. Nitrogen solutions

Choice of product line depends on purity,capacity and pressure requirements.

CRYOSS®

In these plants, nitrogen is produced byfractional distillation of liquefied air usinga cryogenic process. This process uses thedifferent boiling points of the various con-stituents of air.

CRYOSS® HP/UPThe same basic process is applied, butenhanced to remove impurities. Thisresults in high and ultra-high nitrogenpurity grades down to ppb levels.

ADSOSS®-NADSOSS®-N uses an adsorption-basedcarbon molecular sieve (CMS) to separatenitrogen from air. Under pressurizedconditions, CMS adsorbs oxygen, CO2 andwater, whereas the nitrogen passesthrough the sieve. The sieve is cleanedby simply reducing the pressure.ADSOSS®-N systems are designed withtwo adsorber vessels which alternate (asthey become saturated) to ensure continu-ous operation. This is referred to as pres-sure swing adsorption (PSA).

MEMOSS®

Compressed air passes through extremelythin, long hollow fibers, the walls of whichact as semi-permeable membranes. Oxy-gen penetrates these walls relatively quick-ly, while nitrogen is generally retainedwithin the hollow fibers until the desiredpurity is attained.

CRYOSS® CRYOSS® HP/UP ADSOSS®-N MEMOSS®

Standard sizes 250– 7000 500– 7000 10 – 5000 10 – 1000

Flow rates 100 – 7000 m3/h 500 –7000 m3/h up to 5000 m3/h up to 1000 m3/h

Purity < 5 ppm O2 high and ultra 98 –99.99 % 90 – 99.5 %high purity (w/o additional

purification)

Pressure up to 10 bara up to 10 bara up to 9 bara 13 bara(w/o additional (w/o additional (w/o additional (w/o additional compression) compression) compression) compression)

The charts and tables give a schematic overview.For choice of solution please contact Linde.

ECOVAR®, CRYOSS®, ADSOSS® and MEMOSS®

are all trademarks of the Linde Group.4 5

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2. Oxygen solutions 3. Hydrogen solutions

ADSOSS®-OADSOSS®-O plants extract oxygen bymeans of adsorption. Whereas nitrogen,carbon dioxide and water vapor are readi-ly adsorbed by the surface of the specialzeolites, oxygen and argon easily passthrough the material. The zeolite is cleanedby simply reducing the pressure into vacu-um. ADSOSS®-O systems are typicallydesigned with two adsorber vessels. Toextract oxygen the vessels are cyclicallyoperated. This is referred to as vacuumpressure swing adsorption (VPSA).

CRYOSS®-OOxygen can be generated by separating airwith a cryogenic process. This solution canalso be designed to produce a combinationof oxygen and nitrogen.

Choice of product line depends on purity,capacity and pressure requirements.

HYDROSS®

Standard sizes 5 – 250

Flow rates 5 – 250 m3/h2.5 – 125 m3/h oxygen

Purity 99.9 %(w/o additionalpurification)

Pressure 10/25 bara(w/o additionalcompression)

ADSOSS®-O CRYOSS®-O

Standard 100 –6000 1000 – 6000sizes

Flow rates 100 – 1000 – 6000 m3/h 6000 m3/h

Purity 90 – 94 % 90 – 99.95 %

Pressure up to 1.3 bara up to 2.5 bara(w/o additional (w/o additionalcompression) compression)

Capacity (m3/h)10 100 1000

HYDROSS®

(Electrolysis)

MethanolCracking

Steam MethaneReforming

Choice of product line depends onraw material costs and capacity.

HYDROSS®

Depending on raw material costs (power,natural gas and methanol) Linde can offerthe optimum hydrogen solution based onelectrolysis of water, steam reforming ofnatural gas or cracking of methanol.HYDROSS® plants produce hydrogen byelectrolysis requiring only power andwater. When a direct current is applied toelectrolytic cells, oxygen is produced at theanode and hydrogen at the cathode. Thestandard hydrogen purity is 99.9 % but thiscan be increased through purification.High purity oxygen can also be produced.

The charts and tables give a schematic overview.For choice of solution please contact Linde.

HYDROSS® is a trademark of the Linde Group.

O2 content (%)

Capacity (m3/h)100 1000 10000

92 %

94 %

96 %

98 %

100 %

90 %

Cylinder & BulkSupply

ADSOSS®

-OC

RY

OS

S®

-O

AirSeparation

Plants

Choice of product line depends on purity,capacity and pressure requirements.

Various criteria must be carefully evaluatedto ensure that the right decision is made.

Consumption profileThe product cost are lowest if the plantoperates at full capacity without interrup-tion. Reduced output increases specific costsby spreading fixed costs over a reducedyield. It is important to analyse the requiredconsumption profile over time to deter-mine whether a larger plant with a fastresponse time or a smaller plant with back-up support is the most effective solution.

Whatever your requirements –

we have the right supply solution.

Choosing the right plant type and capacity is one of the biggest success

factors in designing a cost-efficient gas supply system.

Design determinants foryour on-site plant_ capacity of plant, back-up unit

and buffer vessel (if applicable)_ availability and cost of utilities

(energy, water, compressed air)_ product purity and pressure– availability of space, authority

requirements and other environ-mental concerns

_ development of futureproduct needs

PurityThe ECOVAR® product lines are designedto deliver different levels of gas purity.Generally speaking, the lower the purity,the lower the product cost.

PressureThe product pressure can also be animportant cost factor. To avoid unneces-sary costs, it is essential that the neededproduct pressure is accurately assessedand the plant designed accordingly.

EnergyThe energy required for air separation isone of the biggest production costs. Thechoice of plant must carefully balance gasneeds against the cost of energy and capi-tal costs.

Product cost

Gas consumption

Plant utilization Back-up unit utilization

Flow rate

Time

Product cost as a function of utilizationdegree of the ECOVAR® System.

Short and long-term consumptionprofile evaluation.

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Services include:_ Analysis of demand profile in close

collaboration with customer_ Detailed cost-efficiency and long-term

viability analysis_ Evaluation of optimum supply concept,

plant type, plant size and back-up unit_ Support in all plant planning and

engineering tasks_ Plant financing _ Supply, assembly and commissioning of

the plant by skilled technicians_ Operation, maintenance and insurance

of the ECOVAR® system_ Remote monitoring and control (with

24-hour surveillance) from a Linde Gascenter

Helping you make the right choice.

Linde leverages many years of experience in the field of on-site supply

systems to make sure you make the right choice and that your gas

supply contract works to your favor.

Benefits of ECOVAR®:_ Freedom to focus on core business _ Transparent overview of long-term costs _ No upfront investment costs_ No operating risk_ No personnel expenditure_ Zero maintenance and service effort_ No need to keep spare parts in stock

ECOVAR® is a cost-effective solutionif you have:_ Long-term gas needs_ A relatively constant base load_ A high annual output (in terms of

operating hours)

ECOVAR® is successfully deployedin the following industries and sectors:_ Electronics/semiconductors_ Metallurgy_ Pulp and paper_ Chemicals and petrochemicals_ Glass_ Waste recycling and incineration_ Water treatment_ Food and beverages_ Pharmaceutical

MEMOSS® 300 ADSOSS®-N 500 HYDROSS® 10CRYOSS® 250

Partnering with Linde means_ freedom to focus on core business_ state-of-the-art technology_ maximum supply reliability_ long-term cost efficiency

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