getting lambs off to a fast start dan morrical iowa state university
TRANSCRIPT
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Getting lambs off to Getting lambs off to a fast starta fast start
Dan Morrical
Iowa State University
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Lamb losses and ProfitLamb losses and Profit
Baby lamb losses 10-25 % per year most of the losses are before 72 hrs without records you do not know
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S/D17%
A9%
S/H25%
P22%
O27%
1987/5200
S/D22%
A21%
S/H17%
P12%
O28%
1988/7000
S/D24%
A23%
P14%
S/H14%
O25%
Lamb Mortality Study, RookLamb Mortality Study, Rook
1986/3600
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S/H20%
S/D40%
P20%
A10%
O/U10%
S/H50%
S/D41%
P0%
O/U9%
S/D74%
O/U0%
S/H13%
P13%
Winter Lambs251/lambs/124 ewes
Spring Lambs151 lambs/74 ewes
Fall148 Lambs/ 81 ewes
McNay Death Loss by Seasons 1995McNay Death Loss by Seasons 1995
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Goals of Late Goals of Late Gestation RationGestation Ration
1. Healthy, vigorous ewes
2. In condition for heavy milking
3. Healthy, vigorous lambs of moderate size.
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Birth Weight on LivabilityBirth Weight on Livability
Best 11.4 pounds VPI
1 pound increase in birth weight
= 4% in death loss Texas A & M
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Birth WeightSmall Medium Large
8.5 8.6-13.3 13.4
Wt. gain/ .69 .75 .82day of age
Feed eff. 4.8 4.3 3.8
U. of Kentucky
Birth Weight & Feedlot PerformanceBirth Weight & Feedlot Performance
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•Depends on: ewe size type of birth
•Singles 7% of dam wt.•Twins 6.5% of dam wt.•Triplets 5.5% of dam wt.
•175 ewe single 12-13 twin 11-11.5 triplet 9-10
So what is the right birth weight?So what is the right birth weight?
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Goal of Lambing Goal of Lambing Season ManagementSeason Management
“Maximize Lamb Livability”
Starts before lambing
What you do can not
raise number born
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Causes of DeathCauses of Death
Starvation Poor ewe condition Weak ewe or lamb Plugged teats Mastitis Mis-mothering Poor suckling
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Prevention: Weak or Prevention: Weak or StarvedStarved
Adequate ewe nutrition (i.e. good condition)
Energy level of diet Crossbreeding Exercise Weaning management
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Prevention: Weak or StarvedPrevention: Weak or Starved
Pre-lambing shearing Observation Condition score Dryer environment Lamb indoors Easier nursing Intake
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Trouble Shooting-Use the Trouble Shooting-Use the ThermometerThermometer
Normal temp. - 101° - 102°F Elevated temp.-above 103°F
(think infection) Cold Lambs
- mild hypothermia 99°-102°F
- severe hypothermia below 99°F
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Mild Hypothermia 99°-102°FMild Hypothermia 99°-102°F
1) Remove and dry
2) Supplement warm dry heat (100°-103°F max. temp.)
3) Tube feed 120-200 ml colostrum (20 mls/lb.)
4) Return when rectal temperature is normal (1-3 hours)
5) Assure future nutrition
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Elevated Temperature-Elevated Temperature-above 103°Fabove 103°F
- or animals showing clinical signs
- assume infectious process
- probably pneumonia, joint ill or liver abscess
- LA200 1/2cc/10 lb.
under the skin given daily for 4-5 days
- Long acting penicillin 1cc/10-20 lb.
under the skin given daily for 4-5 days
- Assure nutrition and hydration
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Severe Hypothermia-Severe Hypothermia-below 99°Fbelow 99°F
*Under 6 hours oldremove and dry
supplement heat warm dry moving air 100-103°F
tube feed 120-200 ml colostrum
return when temperature normal 1-3 hours
assure future nutrition
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Severe Hypothermia-Severe Hypothermia-below 99°Fbelow 99°F
*Over 6 hours oldremove and dry
supplement heat with warm dry moving air 100-103°F max
tube feed 120-200 ml colostrum CAUTION
inject 40 ml of 20% dextrose into body cavity
1 inch beside and 1 inch behind navel,
20 ga 1 inch needle
return when rectal temp. normal 1-3 hours
assure future nutrition
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Solution - ObservationSolution - Observation Paint brand Cubicles & lambing jugs Shear pre-lambing Stomach tube Proper feeding at lambing & weaning Selenium status
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Stillborns/dystociaStillborns/dystociaSymptoms of dystocia
yellow fleece
causes - Fat ewes, Poor hybrid vigor
Was it truly born dead?
check lungs and feet
Stillborns Two types-infectious
-hypoxia (observation)
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SolutionsSolutions
Condition score Observation
Intercom, video camera Feed antibiotics Vaccinate against vibrio, EAE BoSe ?????? Assist after 30 minutes in labor
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Abortion DiseasesAbortion Diseases
Iowa Camphylobacter (vibrio) Enzootic abortion in ewes (EAE) Toxoplasmosis
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SolutionsSolutions
Vaccinate vibrio/EAE Closed flock Late gestation feed antibiotics
(5 mg/lb. if abortion occurs) Sanitation Isolation Pray
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PneumoniaPneumonia
CausesPoorly ventilated buildingsInadequate spaceWet bedding
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SolutionSolution
20 ft.2 area for ewes with lambs Sulfa water treatment Open up barn Use more bedding Pre-lambing shearing
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AntibioticsAntibiotics
60-65 mg/day 6 weeks prior to lambing Results
65-73% in lamb losses
Univ. of Wyoming
S.D. State univ.
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Intestinal Disorders - Intestinal Disorders - CausesCauses
Wet bedding Stress Solutions-
Lime jugs Adequate colostrum (esp. Ecoli) Vaccinate ewes
CI. perfringens C & D toxoid
Increase space and bedding Relieve stress
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Equipment & SuppliesEquipment & Supplies
Colostrum Lamb Reviver i.e. stomach tube Thermometer Head Snare Ropes or dog choke collars
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Equipment...cont.Equipment...cont.
Lubricant Cubicles Gloves Intercom Bonding Pens
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Equipment...cont.Equipment...cont.
Grafting Stanchion Hot box / incubator Towels Biologicals
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Lambing ProblemsLambing Problems
How Do You Know? 1 - Length of labor 2 - Position of feet
Toes up okay Toes down backwards Tail first backwards One foot first Nose first
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Newborn ManagementNewborn Management
1 - Colostrum intake1 - Colostrum intake
- minimum 2 ounces/8 pounds- minimum 2 ounces/8 pounds
- ideal 10% of BW first 24 hrs.- ideal 10% of BW first 24 hrs.
2 - Clip - Dip - Strip2 - Clip - Dip - Strip
castrate earlycastrate early
3 - Lambing Jugs3 - Lambing Jugs
4 x 6, 5 x 64 x 6, 5 x 6
4 - Observe often4 - Observe often
5 - Check for inverted eyelids5 - Check for inverted eyelids
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WeaningWeaning
Wean early 60 days or lessDry up ewes prior to weaningRemove proteinRemove energyRemove water ?
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