getting power from plastic – solar power generation using blends of organic polymers and...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Getting Power from Plastic – Solar Power Generation Using Blends of Organic Polymers and Nanostructures By Dave Black and Shashi Paul](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110116/55176c355503460e6e8b4db4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Getting Power from Plastic – Solar Power Generation Using Blends of
Organic Polymers and Nanostructures
By Dave Black and Shashi Paul
![Page 2: Getting Power from Plastic – Solar Power Generation Using Blends of Organic Polymers and Nanostructures By Dave Black and Shashi Paul](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022110116/55176c355503460e6e8b4db4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Solar Power
• World energy demand increasing
• Photovoltaics currently <1%
• Two types– Conventional Semiconductor (CSC)– Excitonic Semiconductor (XSC)
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Types of Solar Cell
• First Generation (CSC)• Second Generation
(CSC)• Third Generation
(CSC)• Organic (XSC)• Hybrid (XSC)
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CSC Device Structure
EncapsulationP-N junction
Bottom Contact
Top Contact
Typical 1st and 2nd generation CSC solar cell structure
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CSC Device Structure
3rd generation CSC multijunction
Anti Reflectioncoating
Top Cell(GaInP)
Bottom Contact
Top Contact
Middle Cell (GaAs)
Tunnel Junction
Bottom Cell(Ge) Substrate
(Ge)
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XSC Device Structure
Transparent Substrate
ITO transparentelectrode
PEDOT:PSS
Active layer
Exciton blocking layerAl/Ag electrode
Typical organic heterojunction solar cell structure.
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Why Organic?
• Potentially Cheap– Materials expensive now– Price decreases as
production increases• Quick to produce
– Simple processes• Sputtering• Spin coating• Thermal Evaporation• Printing
• Flexibility– Plastic substrates– Clothing– Fabric (already used by US Army)
The Voltaic Generator, by New York-based Voltaic Systems, is the first solar bag powerful enough to charge a laptop. Photograph: PR
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7 Stages of Excitonic Charge Generation
• Photon incoupling• Photon absorption• Exciton formation• Exciton Migration• Exciton Dissociation• Charge Transport• Charge collection
e- h+
Exciton
Nano-particle
e-
h+
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What is EMTERC Doing?
• Next generation hybrid PV– Novel blends of polymers and
nanostructures– Increased efficiency– Increased absorption– Low cost?
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Permittivity
• Increased Permittivity– Tune Debye Length– Control exciton type– Increase diffusion length
• Barium Titanate– High permittivity– Ferroelectric– Tetragonal structure
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Debye Length
Debye length defined as:
The scale over which mobile charge carriers screen out electric fields
As LD increases so does charge separation.
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Increasing Permittivity
2.00
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Mea
n Re
lati
ve P
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ittivi
ty
BaTiO3Concentration (mg/ml)
Increase in relative permittivity with increasing concentration of barium titanate with phosphonic acid ligand.
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Increasing Photoconductivity
Increase in photo-conductivity in light and dark conditions for polymers with and without “novel” material.
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The EMTERC Hybrid
• Uses blend of polymer and NP
• Has diode like behaviour
• Difference between light and dark states
• Work in progress
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Future Work in EMTERC• Incorporating
Nanostructures:– Improve the number of
incident photons captured by the solar cell
– Improve the number and type of excitons produced from incident photons
– Increase the exciton diffusion length
– Increase the number and quality of interfacial boundaries
Transparent electrode
Aluminium electrode
Nanowires
Active polymer matrix
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Any Questions?