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Getting Started: Principals of Finance Chapter 1 1

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Page 1: Getting Started: Principals of Financepthistle.faculty.unlv.edu/FIN301_Spring2019/Slides_S2019/Ch01Full.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Ch01.S19 (1) [Compatibility Mode] Author: pthistle

Getting Started:Principals of Finance

Chapter 1

1

Page 2: Getting Started: Principals of Financepthistle.faculty.unlv.edu/FIN301_Spring2019/Slides_S2019/Ch01Full.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Ch01.S19 (1) [Compatibility Mode] Author: pthistle

Business Organizational Forms

Business Forms

SoleProprietorships Partnerships Corporations

Page 3: Getting Started: Principals of Financepthistle.faculty.unlv.edu/FIN301_Spring2019/Slides_S2019/Ch01Full.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Ch01.S19 (1) [Compatibility Mode] Author: pthistle

Figure 1.1  Characteristics of Different Forms of Business

Page 4: Getting Started: Principals of Financepthistle.faculty.unlv.edu/FIN301_Spring2019/Slides_S2019/Ch01Full.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Ch01.S19 (1) [Compatibility Mode] Author: pthistle

Figure 1.2  How the Finance Area Fits into a Corporation

Page 5: Getting Started: Principals of Financepthistle.faculty.unlv.edu/FIN301_Spring2019/Slides_S2019/Ch01Full.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Ch01.S19 (1) [Compatibility Mode] Author: pthistle

PRINCIPLE 1:Money Has a Time Value

• A dollar received today is worth more than a dollar received in the future. 

• We can invest the dollar received today to earn interest. Thus, in the future, you will have more than one dollar, as you will receive the interest on your investment.

Page 6: Getting Started: Principals of Financepthistle.faculty.unlv.edu/FIN301_Spring2019/Slides_S2019/Ch01Full.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Ch01.S19 (1) [Compatibility Mode] Author: pthistle

PRINCIPLE 2: There is a Risk‐Return Trade‐off

• We won’t take on additional risk unless we expect to be compensated with additional return.

• Higher the risk, higher will be the expected return. 

• Actual realized rate of return will typically be different from expected return

Page 7: Getting Started: Principals of Financepthistle.faculty.unlv.edu/FIN301_Spring2019/Slides_S2019/Ch01Full.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Ch01.S19 (1) [Compatibility Mode] Author: pthistle

Figure 1.3  There Is a Risk‐Return Tradeoff

Page 8: Getting Started: Principals of Financepthistle.faculty.unlv.edu/FIN301_Spring2019/Slides_S2019/Ch01Full.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Ch01.S19 (1) [Compatibility Mode] Author: pthistle

PRINCIPLE 3: Cash Flows Are the Source of Value

• Cash flow is the amount of cash that can actually be taken out of the business.

• Profit is an accounting concept and measures a business’s performance

• It is possible for a firm to report profits but have no cash.

Page 9: Getting Started: Principals of Financepthistle.faculty.unlv.edu/FIN301_Spring2019/Slides_S2019/Ch01Full.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Ch01.S19 (1) [Compatibility Mode] Author: pthistle

Incremental Cash Flow

Financial decisions in a firm should consider “incremental cash flow”‐ the difference between the cash flows the company will produce with the potential new investment and what it would make without the investment.

Page 10: Getting Started: Principals of Financepthistle.faculty.unlv.edu/FIN301_Spring2019/Slides_S2019/Ch01Full.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Ch01.S19 (1) [Compatibility Mode] Author: pthistle

PRINCIPLE 4: Market Prices Reflect Information 

Investors react quickly to news/information and decisions made by managers. 

Good News ==> Higher stock prices

Bad News ==> Lower stock price. 

Page 11: Getting Started: Principals of Financepthistle.faculty.unlv.edu/FIN301_Spring2019/Slides_S2019/Ch01Full.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Ch01.S19 (1) [Compatibility Mode] Author: pthistle

PRINCIPLE 5: Individuals Respond to Incentives

Individuals respond to incentives

They will do more of what they are rewarded for doing

Managers (as agents) respond to incentives they are given in the workplace. 

If their incentives are not properly aligned with those of the firm’s stockholders (the principal) they may not make decisions that are consistent with increasing shareholder value leading to agency costs. 

Page 12: Getting Started: Principals of Financepthistle.faculty.unlv.edu/FIN301_Spring2019/Slides_S2019/Ch01Full.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Ch01.S19 (1) [Compatibility Mode] Author: pthistle

PRINCIPLE 5: Individuals Respond to Incentives

Agency problems/costs can be mitigated through:1. Compensation plans that reward managers when they act to 

maximize shareholder wealth 

2. Monitoring by the board of directors

3. Monitoring by financial markets (such as auditors, bankers, security analysts, credit agencies)

4. The underperforming firms seeing their stock prices fall and face threat of being taken over and have their management teams replaced.