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Printed in the United States of America LibEry of Congess Catalogingin-Publbatton Data Gefting to know ArcGlS desktop / llmothy James ormsby...let al.].-2nd ed. cm. lncludes index. ISBN 97&1-58948-260-9 (pbk. : alk. paper) Graphical user interfaces (Computer systems) l. Ormsby, Tim. ArcGlS. Geographic infomation systems. G70.2I2.G489 2010

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CONTENTS

IAc knowledgments

ix

Introd uction

xi

Section 1

Getting to know GISChapter 1 Chapter 2 Introducing GIS

Introducing Arc GIS Desktop

13

Section 2

Getting started with maps and dataChapter 3 Exploring ArcMap Exercise 3a Displayi ng map dataExercise 3bNavigating a map

19

2234 4353

Exercise 3c

l ooking at fe ature attributes

Chapler 4

Exploring ArcCatalogBrows ing ma p data

Exercise 4a 55 Exercise 4b Searching for map data 66

Exercise 4c

Adding data to ArcMap

74

Section 3

Displaying dataChapter 5 Symbolizing features and rasters 89 Exercise 5a Changi ng symbology 92 Exercise 5b Symbolizing features by categorical attributesExercise 5cUsing styles and creating layer files 12 1 111

99

Exercise 5d Symbolizing rasters

vi

COI/fI.'IlfJ'

Chapter 6Exercise 6a Exercise 6b Exercise 6c Exercise 6d

Cla ssifying featu res and rastersClassifying features manually Mapping density 154 145

131134

Classifying features by standard methods

Using graduated and chart symbols

161

Chapter 7Exercise 7a Exercise 7b Exercise 7c

Labeling featuresUsing dynamic labels

175177 185 196

Setting rules for placing label s

Us ing interactive label s and creating annotation

Section 4

Getting information about featuresChapter 8Exercise 8a Exercise 8b Exercise Be

Querying data

203205 216

Ident ifying, selecting, finding, and hyperlinking features Selecti ng features by attribute Creating reports 22 1

Chapter 9Exercise 9a Exercise 9b

Joining and relating tablesJoin ing tables Relat ing tables 233 243

229

Section 5

Analyzing feature relationshipsChapter 10 Selecting features by locationExercise lOa Using location queries

257265

259

Exercise lOb Combin ing attribute and location queries

Chapter 11

Preparing data for analysis281 290 296 303

279

Exercise 11a Dissolving features Exercise lIb Creating graphs Exercise 11c Clipping layers Exercise lId Exporti ng data

Chapter 12 Analyzing spatial dataExercise 12a Bufferi ng feat ures Exercise 12b Overlaying data

309

312 32 1 332

Exercise 12c Ca lculating attribute val ues

Chapter 13 Projecting data in ArcMapExerc ise 13a Projecti ng data on the fl y Exercise 13b Defin ing a prOjection

339344

357

COl/tents

vii

Section 6

Creating and editing dataChapter 14 Building geodatabasesExercise 14b Creating feature classesExercise 14c Add ing fields and doma ins

367370 377 384

E.xercise 14a Creat ing a personal geodatabase

Chapter 15 Creating features Exercise 15a Drawing featu res

391394 401

Exercise 15b Usi ng feature construction tools

Chapter 16 Editing features and attributes Exercise 16a Deleting and modifying featuresExercise 16b Splitting and mergi ng features

4154 17 428 436

Exercise 16c Editing feature attribute values Chapter 17 Geocoding addresses 443

Exercise 17a Creating an address locatorExercise J7b Matching addresses454 465

446

Exercise 17c Rematching addresses

Section 7

Presenting dataChapter 18 Making maps from templates 473

Exercise 1& Openi ng a map templateExercise IBb Adding x,y data to a map Exercise IBc Drawing graphics on a map

47 5 483 489

Chapter Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise

19 Making maps for presentation 497 198 Layi ng out the page 499 19b Add ing a title 508 19c Add ing a north arrow, scale bar, and legend 5 17 19d Adding f inal touches and setting print options 526

Section 8 ModelingChapter 20 Exercise 20a Exercise 20b Exercise 20e Creating modelsStarting a model Build ing a model Enhancing a model

533536 546 557

Appendix A Data lice nse agreement Index 579

569 573

Appendix B Insta lling the data and software

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I

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

)

ESRI t hanks t he following people and groups for contributing data and images to this book.Maps of rainfa ll, elevation, soils, a nd growing seasons for North and South America (chapter I) are based on data provided by DATA+ and the Russian Academy of Sciences. Maps of elevation, hillshacle, and tempera[Ure for the Mojave Desert (chapter 5) are based on data provided by the U.S. Defense Depan ment Mojave Desert Ecosystem Program.

Satellite image and map of Mission Bay, San Diego, California, (chapter 5) provided by the U.S .

Geological Survey.African diamond mine. river, and wildlife layers (chapters 5 and 6) provided by OATA+ and the

Russian Academy of Sciences.State of Louisiana layers (chapter 9). including nonhazardous waste pits, parish boundaries, and navigable waterways, provided by David Gisclair of the Louisiana Oil Spill Coordinator's Office, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

City of Riverside, California, layers (chaprer 10), includ ing neighborhoods, places, buildings, and zoning, provided by the City of Riverside G IS Departmenr. City of Riverside census tract layer provided by the U.S. Census Bureau. Cit y of Riverside freeways layer provided by Goo graphic Data Technology Inc. Copyright 1990-98 Geographic Data Technology Inc. All rights reserved. Tongass National Forest, Alaska, stream and forest stand layers (chapters 11, 12, and 20) provided by [he U.S. Forest Service, Tongass National Forest, Ketch ikan Area. Population attributes for U.S. states and cities (chapter 13) provided by t he United States Census Buteau.

x

ArknollJ[t dgll/(//(s

City of Manhanan, Kansas, and Riley County. Kansas, layers (chapters 14, IS, and 16), including parcels, watc=r lines, water valves. fire hydrants, and air photo, provided by Dan O ldehoeft. City of Manhattan. Kansas, and John Cowan, Ri ley COUnty, Kansas. Satellite image of Crater Lake (chapter IS) provided by the Unitc=d States Geological Survc=y. O n t hc= Web: craterlake . wr.usgs.gov/ space.html. Atlanta streets layer (chaptc=r 17) provided by Geograph.ic Data Tc=chnology, Inc. Copyright 1990-98 Geographic Data Technology Inc. All rights reserved. Typhoon Etang latitude and longitude coordinates (chaptc=r 18) provided by thc= U.S. D efense Dc=partmc=m Joint Typhoon Warning Center. . Tigc=r reserve layers for India (chapter 18) provided by the World Wildlifc= Fund. On the Web: www.worldwildlife.org. Thanks to our editor, Michael Karman, if miglior fobbro. Thanks also to JoneH Alvi for additional writing; to Judy Boyd, Tom Brennc=man. Nick Frunzi, C hristian H arder, Mak.ram Murad, Brian Parr, Gillian Silvertand, Damian Spangrud, Thad Tilton, and Randy Worch for rc=chnical reviews and advicc=; to Prashant Hc=dao and Brian Parr for d ata acquisition; to Donna Celso for redeSign; to Riley Peake fo r tc=chnical review; and to Michael Law for t he ArcG IS 10 update.

INTRODUCTION

)

Gttting t(J Know ArcGIS Desktop is a workbook for ~ginners. Its detailed, stepby-step exercisesteach yOll the core functionality of ArcGIS D esktop software: how to make maps, carry out spatial analysis, and build and edit spatial databases in the context of realistic projects. The exercises are supported by conceptual discussions at the start of each chapter and as needed throughout the book. Abundant color graphics confirm your progress along the way. The exercises can all be completed with a n ArcView, A rcEditor. or Ardnfo Ikense. That's because all three software products share a common interface and much of the same functionality: anythi ng that can be done in ArcView can also be done in ArcEditor or Arclnfo, and in exactly the same way. For this reason, Getting to Know ArcGIS Desktop is an introduction to each of the products. (Advanced capabilities of Arc Editor and ArcI nfo are not covered.)

Gming to Know ArcGIS Desktop has been a GIS best seller since its publication in 200 1. Thisvolume has been updated to ensure compatibility with ArcGIS 10, with many new graphiCS and instructions added to showcase the latest functionality. The book comes with a CD containing exercise data. To download a trial copy of ArcGIS Desktop, ArcEditor license, go to www.esrLcom/esripresss. You need to install both the software and the data to do the exercises in (he book. (If you have access to a computer on which the ArcView. A rcEd itor, or A rclnfo license of ArcGIS D esktop 10 is already installed. you only need to install the data CD.) Appendix B describes the installation process.

Getting to Know ArcGIS Desktop is a hands~on workbook meant to be a practical manual forclassroom lab work or on-the-job training. If you have no G IS background, chapter 1 gives you a quick overview. If you have no ArcGIS software experience, chapter 2 describes ESRI GIS software products.

XII

Illtroductioll

The book has twO introductory chapters and eighteen exercise chapters. Each exercise chapter contains two to four exercises that focus on a particular GIS task or problem. Many common tasks are covered, including symbolizing and labeling maps, classifying data, querying maps, analyzing spatial relationships, setting map projections, building spatial databases, editing data, geocoding addresses, and making map layouts. Each new exercise in Getting to Know ArcGIS Desktop is a fresh starting point, with the maps and data you need already prepared for you. It is advisable to follow the chapters in order because tools and functions used often in early chapters may not be described again in later ones. The exercises will work, however, no matter which chapter you start with. Each chapter takes about an hour or two to complete. Roll up your sleeves and start Getting to Know ArcGIS Desktop.

Section 1: Getting to know GIS

Chapter 1

Introducing GIS

2

:MoTion J: Gmillg to kl/oI/J GIS

For a long ti me. people have s[Udied the world using models such as maps and globes. In the past thi rty years or so, it has become possible to put these models inside computers-more sophisdcated models into smaller computers every year. These computer models, along with the tools for analyzi ng them, make up a geographic informatio n system (G IS). In a G IS, you ca n s[Udy not just this map or that map, but every possible map. W ith the right data, you can see whatever you want-land , e1evarion, cl imate zones, forests, pol itical boundaries, popu lation density, per capita income, lan4 use, energy consumption, mineral resources, and a thousand other things-in whatever parr of the world interests you. The map of the world, below, shows countries, ciries, rivers, lakes, and the ocean.

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The map has a legend (or table of contents) on the left and a display area on the right.

A GIS map contains layersOn a paper map, you can't peel cities away from countries, or countries away from the ocean, but on a G IS map you can. A GI S map is made up oflayers, or collections of geographic objects that are alike. To make a map, you can add as many layers as you want.

l fltrodlldllg GISCities

3

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",

Oceans Countries This world map is made up of five layers. It cou ld have many more.

Layers may contain features or surfacesIn rhe map (page 2), rhe Cities layer includes many different cities and the Rivers layer many d ifferent rivers. The same is true of the Lakes and Countries layers. Each geographic object in a layer-each city, river. lake, or country- is called a feature. Not all layers contain features. The Oceans layer is not a collection of geographic objects the way the others are. It is a single, continuous expanse that changes from one location to an~ other according to t he depth of t he water. A geographic expanse of this kind is called a surface.

Features have shape and sizeGeographic objects have an endless variety of shapes. All of them, however, can be represented as one of three geometrical forms- a polygon, a line, or a point. Polygons represent things large enough (0 have boundaries, such as countries. lakes, and tracts of land. Lines represent t hings roo narrow to be polygons, such as rivers, roads, and pipel ines. Points are used for things tOO small to be polygons. such as cities, schools, and fi re hydrants. (The same object may be represented by a polygon in one layer and a line or a point in a different layer, depending on how large it is presented.) Polygons, lines. and points collectively are called vec(Oc data.

4

S('(lioll I: Gnti,,! to kllow GIS

Surfaces have numeric values rather than shapesUnlike countries or rivers, things such as elevation, slope:, temperature, ra infa ll, and wind speed have no distinct shape. What they have instead are measurable values for any particular locadon on the earth's surface. (Wherever you go, for insta nce, you are eit her at sea level or a number of meters above or below it.) Geographic phenomena like these are easier ro represent as su rfaces than as features. The most common kind of surface is a raster, a matrix of identically sized square cells. Each cel l represents a unit of su rface area- for example, 10 square meters-a nd contains a measured or estimated value for chat location.

A close look at this raster of ocean depth shows that it is composed of square cells. Each cell holds a numeric value.

The world is not divided neady into featu res and su rfaces. M any thi ngs can be looked at either way. For example, polygons are often used ro mark the boundaries of different vegetation types in a region, but this implies that the change from one type to another is more abrupt than it probably is. Vegetation can also be represented as a raster surface, where each cell value stands fo r [he presence of a type of vegetation.

Features have locationsIf you were asked to find Helsin ki, Finland, on a map of the world, it probably wouldn't take you very long. But suppose Helsinki wasn't shown on the map. Could you make a pencil mark where it ought to go? Now suppose you could lay a fine grid over the world map and you knew that Helsinki was a certain number of marks up from and to the right of a given starting point. It would be easy to put your pencil on t he right spot. A grid of this kind is called a coordinate system, and it's what a GIS uses to put features in their proper places on a map.

Introducing GIS

5

Helsinki K'" 2,777,281 meters y '" 6,693,532 meters

K-axis

origin (D,O) On a map, a coordinate system has an x-axis and a y-axis. The intersection of the axes is ca lled the origin. Feature locations are specified by their distance from the origin in meters, fee t, or a similar unit of measure.

The location of a point feature on a map is defined by a pair of x,y coordinates. A straight line needs twO pairs of coordinates-one at the beginning and one at the end. If the line bends, like a river, there must be a pair of coordinates at every location where [he line changes direction. The same holds true for a polygon, which is simply a li ne that returns to its starting point.

Features can be displayed at different sizesOn a G IS map, you can zoom in to see features at closer range. As you do so, the scale of the map changes,

Left: The scale is 1:400,000,000, and the entire world is shown. Right: The scale is LlOO,OOO,OOO, and you see part of South America and Central America.

6

Sl'Ction J: Gl'lIillg to know GIS

Scale, commonly expressed as a ratio, is the relationship between the size of features on a map and the size of the corresponding places in the world. If the scale of a map is 1:100,000,000, it means that features on the map are one hundred million times smaller than their true size. Zoom ing in gives you a closer view of feat ures withi n a smaller area. The amount of detail in the features does not change, however. A river has the same bends, and a coastline the same crenuladons, whether you are zoomed in and can discern them or are zoomed out and cannot. How much detail features have depends on the layer you use. JUSt as a paper map of the world generalizes the shape of Brazil more than a map of South America does, so di fferem GIS layers can contain more feature detail or less. .

Features are linked to informationThere is more [Q a feature than its shape and location. There is everything else that might happen to be known about it. For a country, this might include its population, capital, system of governmem, leading imports and exports, average rainfall , mineral resources, and many other things. For a road , it m ight be its speed limit, the number oflanes it has, whether it is paved or unpaved , and whether it is one-way or two-way. There is a great deal ofinformation to be had about any feature, from a humble length of sewer pipe to an ocean. Information about the features in a layer is stored in a table. The table has a record {row} for each featu re in the layer and a field (column) for each category of information. These categories are called attributes.

The attribute table for a layer of countries includes each feat ure's shape, 10 number, and name, among other t hings.

Illtrodl/chlg GIS

7

Features on a GIS map are linked co the information in their attribute table. If you highlight China on a map, you can bring up all the information scored about it in the anribute table for countries. If you highlight a record in the table, you see the corresponding feature on the map.

The link between features and their anributes makes it possible co ask questions about the information in an attribute table and display the answer on the map.

Which cities are national capitals?

Which cities have populations over five mi llion?

Whic h countries are net importers of goods?

Which coun t ries are net importers of goods and have per capita GDP of $10,000 or more?

8

Ster;o" I: GUt;"g to k"ow GIS

Similarly, you can use arrrihures (Q create thematic maps, maps in which colors or other symbols a re applied to features ro indicate t heir auributes. Energy consumption per capita...--..",

Migration

The darker the shade of brown, the more energy is used per person in each country,

Red countries have net emigration, blue countries have net immigration. Light yel low countries have little or no change. Gree nhouse gas emissions

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Urban population by percentage

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Da rker shades of purple show countries where a higher percentage of the population lives in c ities.

Greenhouse gas emissions are lowest in green countries, higher in yellow and orange countries, and highest in red countries.

Features have spatial relationshipsBesid es asking q uestions abour [he information in auribure tables, you can a lso ask queslions abour the spatial relationsh ips among features-for example, which ones a re nearest o thers. which ones cross others, and which ones contain others. The GIS uses the coordinates of features to compare their locations.

Introducing GIS

9

Which cities are within 50 kilometers of a river?

Which countries have a river that crosses their border?

Which countries share a border with China?

Which count ries cont ain a lake completely within their borders?

New leatures can be created lrom areas 01 overlapQuestions about amibutes and spatial relationships identify existing featu res that do or do not have cerrai n qualities. To solve some geographic problems, however, a GIS must create new features. Suppose you wa nt to fi nd su itable places for growing amaranth, a nutritious grain originally grown by the Aztecs. You know that in Mexico amaranth is grown in areas of moderate elevation (1,000 ro 1,500 meters) that have an average yea rly rainfa ll of 500 to 800 mill imeters, and loam or sandy-loam soil. You also know that the plant requires a fairly long growing season, at least 120 days without frost.

10

SUlion I: Gming 10 kl/ow GIS

You have layers of elevation, rainfall, growing season, and soil type for North and South America.

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To find places that meet the specified conditions, the GIS looks for areas of overlap among features in the different layers. Wherever there is overlap among four features with the right attributes-the right elevation, the right amount of rainfall, the right growing season, and the right kind of soil-a new feature is created. The new feature's boundary is the area of overlap, which is different from the boundaries of each of the four features it was created from.

Introducing GIS

11

The result of the analysis is a new layer that shows where amaranth can be grown.

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You now have some idea of what a GIS is and what it can do. In the next chapter. you'll learn a little about ArcGIS Desktop, the latest GIS software from ESRI.

This Page is Intentionally Left Blank

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Section 1: Getting to know GIS

Chapter 2

Introducing ArcGIS Desktop

14

5ra;01l /; Gnling 10 knou' GI5

When you shop for a car, a cordless vacuum, or a credit card, you ofren choose among different models in a product line. The models do essentially the same ching, and usually look similar- the difference is in the excras that come with the medium or high-end models. ArcGIS Desktop is a GIS software product line. The entry-level model is ArcReader, a product that comes with every ArcGIS installation or can be downloaded fo r free from the ESRI Web site. Arc Reader leu you view and print d igital maps created by others, navigate to different pam of the map, and zoom to various levels of detail. ArcView makes the maps and data that ArcReader can only view and print. With ArcView, you can also query data; analyze spatial relationships like distance, intersection, and containment among map features; and overlay layers to discover how different types of data are interrelated at particular locations.~rcEditor gives you complete ArcView functionality and has additional data creation and

editing tools. Other features include versioning, which allows multiple users to edit data simultaneously, and disconnected editing, which allows data to be checked out of a database, edited in the field, and then checked back in. At the top of the line, Ardnfo gives you complete ArcEditor functionality plus a fu ll set of spatial analysis tools. Ardnfo also comes bundled with Ardnfo Workstation, a parallel, self-standing GIS software product. ArcView, ArcEditor, and Ardnfo share a com mon user interface and can freely exchange maps and data. ArcMap has a data view for creating, symbolizing, and analyzing maps. ArcMap also has a layout view for composing maps for printing. You can add titles, scale bars, legends, and ocher elements.

The ArcMap and ArcCatalog applicationsGIS tasks can be broadly divided into twO categories. One includes mapmaking, editing, and spatial analysis; the other includes database design and data management. This division is reRected in the ArcMap and ArcCatalog applications of which ArcView, ArcEditor, and Ardnfo are composed. ArcMap is the application for making maps and analyzing data.

ImrQdll cillg AreGIS DrrklopArcMap has a data view for creating, symbolizing, and analyzing maps .

15

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16

Sarion I: Gmillg 10 k'WI/) GIS

ArcCatalog is the data-management application.

With ArcCatalog, you organize, browse, document, and search for spatial data . ArcCatalog also has tools for building and managing GIS databases.

Extendin, ArcGIS DesktopYou can augment the capabilities of ArcGIS Desktop with specialized extension products chac are fully integrated with ArcView, ArcEditor, and ArcInfo. ArcG lS Spatial Analyst, ArcG IS 3D Ana lyst, and ArcGIS Geosraristical Analyst, described below. along with several other extension products are included on the demo CD that comes with chis book. The book does not teach you how to use them, but you can explore them on your owri using the online help and the ArcGIS Tutorial data that is also on the CD. Like ArcView, the extensions are good for 180 days. ArcGIS Spatial Analyst maps and analyzes measured data like elevation, rainfall, or chemical concentrations. By dividing geographic space into a marrix of square cells that store numbers. ArcG IS Spatial Analyst allows you to represent, query, and statistically summarize this kind of data. You can also estimate values at unmeasured locations through the mathematical interpolation of known sample values . ArcG IS 3D Analyst gives you the ability to see spatial data in three di mensions. You can "fly through " terrain and examine it from any height or angle. Y ca n model cities and neighou borhoods by drawing build ings at their correct heights. Analysis tools let you solve visibility, volume, and downhill path problems. (W hich areas can be seen fro m the mountaintop? Can Tower 1 be seen from Tower 2? How much earth is in the hill? W hich course will water follow down a su rface?)

IlifrodlicillK ArcCIS Desktop

17

ArcG IS Geostadsdcal Analyst Ie=:ts you evaluate measure=:d spatial data according to statistical principle=:s. You ca n e=:xplore=: the=: value d istributions of darase=:ts, compare=: the=:m to normal (bd l-shaped) distributions and to each other, and look fo r correlations between d iffe=:re=: nt types of data. As with ArcG IS Spatial Analyst, you can make maps of predicted values at unmeasu red locations. ArcG IS Geostatistical Analyst. howeve=:r, give=:s you a wider choice of pred ictive models, more control ove=:r the=:ir parameters, and statistical technique=:s for assessing the quality of the resu lts.

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Top: ArcG IS Geostatistical Analyst uses cross-validation to assess the quality of ozone level predictions for California. Upper right: ArcGIS 3D Analyst draws a map of a dam in Kansas. Lower right: ArcGIS Spatial Analyst represents distances to the nearest airport (green points) with graduated colors. (Only airports serving more than 25,000 passengers annually are shown .)

18

Sul;oll I: Gettillg to kllow GIS

ArcGIS Desktop is juSt one of five parts of the ArcGIS system, which also includes mobile G IS, online GIS, server GIS, and ESRI Data.

Mobile GIS goes into the fieldMobile GIS technology extends GIS beyond the office and allows organizations to make accurate, real-time business decisions and collaborate in both field and office environments. Mobile GIS products and services are essential to the success of many GIS field mapping applications and enable organizations to expand their enterprise GIS to various mobile platforms. Many industries and field-workers (su rveyors, field rechnicians, delivery staff, public service and utility workers) use mobile GIS tech nology to help complete boch complex projects and routine field tasks. ESRI's mobile GIS products include ArcPad and ArcG IS Mobile for the Windows XP, Vista, 7 and Windows Mobile platforms, and ArcGIS for iPhone which can be accessed and used on the Apple iPhone and iPad platform.

Online GIS goes to digital worldsArcGIS Online content and capabilities are built-in to the ArcGIS user experience. ArcGIS Online, hosted by ESRI and powered by ArcGIS Server and ArcGIS Data Appliance, provides ready-to-use, high-quality basemaps, layers, tools. and other content chat has been published by SRI and the user community.

Server GIS goes over the Web and through the enterpriseArcGIS Server is used to publish the maps, tools. and G IS data created in A rcGIS D esktop as services that can be delivered over the Web and throughout the enterprise. These G IS services can be used in desktop, mobile and Web applications. ArcGIS Server also manages the exchange of information between ArcGIS and relational database management systems (RDBMs), such as Microsoft SQL Server, IBM OB2, O racle and PostgreSQL. It enables users to share and edit centrally-stored geographic data over the

Web.

ESRI Data goes to work for youSRI Data encompasses updated demographics. business, and consumer spending data used by organizations to analyze markets, profile customers, evaluate competitors, and more. ESRI StreetMap Premium is an enhanced street dataset that provides routing, geocoding, and high-quality cartographic display for the United States, Canada, and Europe. SRI Data & Maps is a set of annual map data that is included at no additional COSt with ArcGIS software and preconfigured to work with ArcGIS products.

In this book, you will learn the basics of ArcView, ArcEditor, and Arclnfo. To find OUt more about ArcGIS Desktop extensions, or about mobile GIS, online GIS, server GIS, or ESRI Data, visit the ESRI Web site at www.esri.com.

Section 2: Getting started with maps and data

Chapter 3

Exploring ArcMapDisplaying map data Navigating a map looking at feature attributes

20

SteliOIl 2: Gettillg lIarud wilh maps and data

ArcMap is an applicacion for d isplaying maps and investigating them. for analyzing maps to answer geographic questions and producing maps that make analysis persuasive. The ArcMap application window consists of a map d isplay for viewing spatial data, a table of contents for listing the layers shown in the display, and a variety of toolbars for working with the data.Tools toolbar

Table of

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You can change the way ArcMap looks to suit your preferences and the kind of work you do. Toolbars can be hidden or shown . New commands can be added to them. They can be docked at different places in the application window or can Roat independently of it. To dock a floating toolbar, drag it to the interface. To undock it, dick the vertical gray bar at its left edge and drag it away from the interface. To hide or show a toolbar, dick the Customize menu, point to Toolbars, and check or uncheck the toolbar name. Alternatively, some windows (such as Catalog or Search) can be docked to the interface. These windows have the ability to collapse into a tab or expand to show its entirety. To dock a Roating window. drag it to the interface. The window turns blue and four arrows point at locations where the window can be docked. When the window is docked. dick the Auto Hide bunon to enable the tabbed behavior. To remove the tab, click the Auto Hide bunon and undock the window.

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21

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This book assumes t hat you are working with the default interface. The exercise graphics reRect this, w ith one exception-tool bars are always shown horizontally. C hanges you make to the imerface are applied ro subsequem ArcMap sessions, so if you dock a (Qolbar or wi ndow in one session, it will be docked the next t ime you start ArcMap, and if you resize the application w indow, it will keep the new size in the next session. C ha nges like this w ill not significantly affect t he exercises, but may give you slightly different results for such operations as labeling that are inAuenced by the size and scale of the map display. For more information about customizing the interface, click the Contents tab in ArcGIS Desktop Help and navigate [Q Customizing and developing with ArcGIS > Customizing the

user imerfoce.

22

SUlioll 2: Gn/illg ilfllUt! wil" mflpi fllld dfl/fl

Displaying map dataIn this exercise, you'll learn how to display data in ArcMap. You' ll learn how to navigate maps and get inform ation about map features. You will be able to do the exercises only if you have installed the ISO-day trial version of ArcView 10 that comes with this book, or if you have a licensed version of ArcEd iror 10 or Ardnfo 10 software on your computer. Keep in m ind that using a previous version of ArcG IS means that certain tools, fu nctions. windows, or dialog boxes mayor may not be present. You may encounter steps in the exercises where a workaround may be necessary.

Exercise 3aYou work for an aviation history foundation that is researching the last flight of Amelia Earhart. In 1937, Earhart was near the end of a flight around the world when her plane disappeared over the Pacific Ocean. The U.S. government spent more than $4 million searching fo r Earhart and her navigator, Fred Noonan. The foundation believes Earhart may have crashed on Nikumaroro. one of several tiny islands [hat make up th e country of Kiribati, and would like to mount an exped ition ro look for [he wreckage. You have been asked to manage a G IS project that will help organize data and acquaint potential sponsors with the foundation's plans.1 Start Arc Map by clicking the Start button on the Windows taskbar, point to All Programs, point to ArcGIS 10, and click ArcMap 10.

When ArcMap opens, you see the Getting Started dialog box on top of the main application window. This d ialog box allows you to quickJy start a new map, open an existing map or template.

.

Exploring ArcMap

23

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In the Getting Started dialog box, under t he Existing Maps section, ctick " Browse for more .. ."

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In the Open dialog box, navigate to C:\ESRIPress\ GTKArcGlS\ Chapter03 (or to the folder where you installed the GTKArcGIS data). Click ex03a.mxd, as shown in the following graphic. and click Open.

A preview of the map document opens inside the New Docu ment dialog box.~ A',II,!,'n!lu" 'I "To ,1

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In the New Document dialog box, click OK.

The map document opens. The map looks d ifferent fro m ma ny world maps because it is centered on the South Paci fic area where Amel ia Earhart va nished, rather than on the pri me merid ian (which runs through Greenwich, England).

Exploring ArcM'lp

25

The map shows the countries of the world. Earhart's Right path, and a gradcule. which is the technical name for lines oflaritude and longitude on a map. Each of these categories of geographic information (cou ntries, Right path. graticu le) is called a layer. The fabl e of contents listS fhe names of the layers in the map. h shows the color or symbol used to draw each layer and fell s you, by a check mark, whether or not the layer is visible. The Flight Parh, Countries. and Graricule layers are currently visible. The Cities layer is not.5 In the table of contents, click the check box next to the Countries layer to turn it off.

The cou ntries d isappear from [he map.

26

Sution 2: G~tting startrd flJit}; mapi alld data

6

In t he table of contents, cl ick the Countries check box to turn it back on. Click the check box next to the Cities layer to turn it on as well.

The Cities layer is checked but you still can't see the cities. Th is is because data is displayed on the map in the order of the layers in the table of contents. The Cities layer is covered by the couneries.7 In the table of contents , click the Cit ies layer name to highlight it. Click and drag the layer to the top of the table of contents, then release the mouse button. As you drag the layer, a horizontal black bar indicates its posit ion.

Exploring ArcMnp

27

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Now you can see the cities on the map. Each of them is a Stop on Earhart's route. You' l! change the layer name to make this clear.8 In the table of contents, right-clic k the Cities layer name. A context menu opens.

Many ArcMap operations are started from context menus. On the context menu, clickProperties to open the Layer Properties dialog box.

28

Sution 2: G~ttillg started with maps and data

9

In the Layer Properties dialog box, click the General tab.

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