ggethe seven wonders of the
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The Seven Wonders of the
Ancient World
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Temple of Zeus at Olympia
In his right hand a figure of Victory made from ivory and gold. In his lefthand, his scepter inlaid with all metals, and an eagle perched on the
sceptre. The sandals of the god are made of gold, as is his robe.Pausanias the Greek (2nd century AD)
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When the statue was completed, it barely fitted in the temple. Strabowrote:
".. although the temple itself is very large, the sculptor is criticizedfor not having appreciated the correct proportions. He has shownZeus seated, but with the head almost touching the ceiling, so thatwe have the impression that if Zeus moved to stand up he wouldunroof the temple."
The base of the statuewas about 6.5 m (20 ft)wide and 1.0 meter (3 ft)high. The height of the
statue itself was 13 m(40 ft), equivalent to amodern 4-story building.
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Pyramid of Giza
The great pyramid of Giza isthe only surviving ancientwonder.
Built by Pharaoh Khufu, 4th
Dynasty around 2650 BC, asa tomb.
It ranked as the tallest structure on Earth for more than 43 centuries:
145.75 m (481 ft) high (outdone in the 19 th century).
The maximum error between side lengths is astonishingly less than 0.1%
The structure consists of approximately 2 million blocks
of stone, each weighing more than two tons
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Hanging Gardens of Babylon
The approach to the Garden slopedlike a hillside and the several parts
of the structure rose from oneanother tier on tier... On all this, the
earth had been piled... and wasthickly planted with trees of everykind that, by their great size and
other charm, gave pleasure to thebeholder... The water machines
[raised] the water in greatabundance from the river, although
no one outside could see it.
Diodorus Siculus
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Construction Details
Built under the rule of Nebuchadnezzar II (604-562BC) of the Babyloniankingdom.
Built for his wife. Archeological evidence is slim,as the Euphrates River isseveral hundred meters away.
Possibly an exaggeration of
Alexander the Greats soldiers. Water from the river (?) was
raised up by use of theArchimedian Screw.
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Temple of Artemis at Ephesus Built in honor of the
goddess of hunting,wild nature, andfertilityArtemis
Earliest foundation:7 th century BC;Wonder: 550 BC
Temple C sponsoredby Lydian KingCroesus
Architect Theodorus(Temple D) One of the artists:
Pheidias (Temple of Zeus at Olympia)
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Artemis of Ephesus
Greek Artemis/Roman Diana = Hunt
Ephesus Artemis = Fertility
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Statue_of_Artemis_Ephesus.jpg -
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Compare with Roman copy of Hellenistic Original
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Diane_de_Versailles_Leochares.jpg -
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Herostratus Temple D, 300 ft. long, 150 ft. wide
Destroyed July 20, 356 BC by a young Ephesian named Herostratus Herostratus wanted to be eternally famous (or infamous) Citizens of Ephesus issued a decree that anyone who spoke the name
Herostratus would be put to death. Coincidentally, Alexander of Macedon (the Great) is born the same night
(rumor has it that Artemis was at his birth, not at the temple). New temple contructed completely in marble (fire-safe): 425 ft. long; 225 ft.
wide: 127 columns; 60 ft. high (compare Parthenon 230 ft. long) Construction time: 60-120 years
Destruction by the Goths in 262 AD: a century later the Emperor Constantinerebuilt much of Ephesus (except the temple, hes Xian)
Ephesus abandoned, the statues pounded into powder for wall plaster. (Sigh)
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Compare the Scale:Parthenon vs. Temple of
Artemis
hixclient
hixclient
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Refound by the British in 1863
http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/compass/ixbin/hixclient.exe?%7BUPPE
R%7D%3Av2_free_text_tindex=ephesus&_IXDB_=compass&_IXSPFX_=gr aphical%2Fsummary%2F&_IXFPFX_=graphical%2Ffull%2F&_IXNOMATCHES_=graphical%2Fno_matches.html&%24+%28with+v2_searchable_index%29+sort=.&_IXsearchterm=ephesus&_IXspage=search&submit-button=summary
A single column marks the spot wherethe temple once stood.
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Mausoleum of Halicarnassus Halicarnassus =
Modern Turkish city of Bodrum
Persian Satrap,Mausollos ruled (377-
353 BC). Idea from Mausollos
wife/sister Artemisia. Mausollos died 3 yrs.
prior, Artemisia 1 yr.
Remained intact 1600years until earthquake Crusaders of 1494-
1522 disassembled itfor a fort.
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Colossus of Rhodes Lasted only 56 years. Not a statue, but a
symbol of unity. In 408 BC, three cities of
the island of Rhodescame together as onepower.
Success in war (304 BC)financed the colossus of the Sun-god Helios. Completed 282 BC
Earthquake in 226 BC Breaks at the knee Egypt offers to finance
rebuild; Oracle forbadeit; offer declined.
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End of the Colossus The remains lay on the ground for
1,000 years. Pliny the Elder (1 st century AD) few
people can make their arms meet round thethumb
AD 654 the Arabs invade Rhodes. The scraps sold off (takes 900 camels)
and melted into coins.
Misconceptions: 1. The Colossus did not straddle the
harbor (physics and engineering sayno).
2. Model of the Statue of Liberty.
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Other Images of the Colossus
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Pharos Lighthouse of Alexandria
Practical use vs.architectural splendor.
Pharos, from PharaohsIsland just off fromAlexandria.
Completed around 290 BC Mirror (?) light could be
seen 25/35 miles away. Survived earthquake in
956 AD.
Badly damaged in 1303and 1323 earthquakes.
Arabs dismantled it tomake a fort in 1480.
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Lighthouse Facts & Legends Covered in white marble. The total height of the building including the
foundation base was about 117 m (384 ft),equivalent to a 40-story modern building.
Reflecting mirror: Archimedean Death-Ray? Lighthouse:
French, phare Spanish, faro Italian, faro
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