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GGGI’s Cambodia Green Growth Program In the perspective of Development Impact Assessment
20 September 2012 Asia Low Emission Development Strategies (LEDS) Forum
Catalyzing an Era of Green Growth
Helen H. Lee Cambodia Program Manager, GGGI
I. Background
1.1 New Development pathway
1.2. GGGI's Partner Countries for Green Growth
1.3. MOU signing between GGGI and Cambodia
1.4. Objectives of GGGI Cambodia Program
1.5. Development Impact Assessment (DIA)
II. Top-down approach 2.1. Scoping I: Benchmark studies
2.2. Scoping II: Best Practice Sharing
2.3. Scoping III: Setting Priorities
2.4. DIA
III. Bottom-up approach 3.1 Sectoral Projects
3.2. Scoping
3.3. Planning
3.4. Implementing and Monitoring
3.5. Reviewing
3.6. New cycle for DIA
IV. Conclusion
Table of Contents
1
3
1.1. New development pathway
+
By around 2100, an
increase in the
average temperature
by 4˚C in Korea will
inflict more than
US$45.5 billion of
cumulative economic
damage.
A sea level rise of 80
cm will submerge
605 km2 of area
(larger than Seoul)
and the flood in 11
coastal cities will
affect more than
370,000 victims.
If daily average
temperature reaches
28.1˚C or above,
there will be 11
additional mortalities
per day in Seoul; a
temperature increase
of 4˚C will reduce
rice yield by 15% in
rural areas.
ECONOMIC SLOWDOW
N
CLIMATE CHANGE
ENERGY-IMPORT
DEPENDENCY
Climate Resilience
Environmental Sustainability
Economic Growth
Green Job Creation
Green Technology
Energy Security
Social Justice
Developing countries are more vulnerable in …
1.2. GGGI’s Partner Countries for Green Growth
17 Countries, 1 Region, 26 Projects (as August 2012)
Mongolia
Kazakhstan
China India
Indonesia
Philippines
Cambodia
Vietnam
4
Morocco
UAE
Ethiopia
Rwanda
Brazil
On-going
South Africa
Thailand
Jordan
Peru
Scoping phase
Selected
Amazon Basin
1.3 MOU Signing between GGGI and Cambodia
“Cambodia is developing and despite the fact that the development is progressing with Cambodia’s own greenness, it had to be cautious as the greenness would reduce and would be replaced by dryness ”
- Cambodia’s Prime Minister Mr. Hun Sen
“South Korea is much interested in growing the green resources and GGGI would like to share the experiences in green growth with Cambodia ”
- GGGI’s former Chairman Mr. Han Seung Soo
5
1.4. Objectives of GGGI Cambodia Program
GGGI’s Cambodia National Green Growth Plan is designed to produce immediate tangible impacts towards Cambodia’s achievement of sustained high economic growth while reducing environmental stress. Key objectives of the program are:
FORMULATING a Green Growth Master Plan (GGMP) tailored to the specific
characteristics of Cambodia;
BUILDING a Green Growth Plan and working schedule in accordance with the National Strategic Development Plan(NSDP);
CONVERGING the sectoral issues and policies on green growth (energy, agriculture, forestry, etc.) in countrywide;
COORDINATING the compatibility between industry development and environmental protection;
IDENTIFYING and PRIORITIZING adaptation activities to green growth.
6
1.5. Development Impact Assessment (DIA)
7
“Handbook on planning, monitoring and evaluating for development results” (UNDP, 2009)
Planning
Monitoring Evaluating
Scoping
9
2.1. Scoping I: Benchmark studies
Past 60 Years (from 1948) Next 60 Years (from 2008)
Korea’s Economic Growth Korea’s Green Growth
Quantitative (traditional, fossil fuel-driven)
Qualitative (low-carbon, sustainable development)
Factor-intensive (labor & capital)
Innovation-base (new ideas)
More input = more output Less input = more output
High dependency on foreign energy sources
Energy self-sufficiency (renewable sources)
Aid recipient Aid donor
Miracle on the Han River Miracle on the Korean Peninsula
“The Great Korean People, a History of Miracles”
“The Great Korean People, a New Dream”
2.2. Scoping stage II : Best Practice Sharing
Korea
Framework Act on Low
Carbon, Green
Growth
Presidential Committee on Green Growth
(PCGG)
National Strategy for
Green Growth & its Five-
Year Plan
Cambodia
Green
Growth
Master Plan
(GGMP)
National Council on
Green Growth
(NCGG)
National Strategic
Development Plan
(NSDP:
2014-2018)
Institutional Set-up – Crucial element of NGGMP: establishing a National Council on Green Growth
(NCGG) to act as a “control tower” to coordinate green growth policies across ministries, devise appropriate legislation, and so forth.
National Green Growth Master Plan – The Cambodian government has requested GGGI to devise a step-by-step green growth roadmap whilst analyzing the nation’s green growth potentials. Development of a national Green Growth Master Plan (GGMP) includes the institutional establishment of a high-level coordinative National Council on Green Growth (NCGG) as well as practical capacity-building initiatives.
2.3. Scoping Stage III: Setting Priorities
11
2.4. Development Impact Assessment (DIA)
12
Top Down Approach with top policy makers
Planning
Monitoring Evaluating
Scoping
<Core Operating Process > PP1-A-F1: Project scope and description form PP1-B-F1: Project logframe PP1-B-F2: Detailed project proposal PP1-B-F3: Project workplan and budget
Small & Medium Business Promotion with Appropriate Technology in Takeo
( Solar cookers, Improved Solar Dryer, Micro-solar home system, Scheffler Reflector )
Waste Management and Renewable Energy for Green Village in Baribour
Green Growth and Job Creation : Eco-tourism & Healthcare in Siem Reap
3.1. Sectoral Projects
14
3.2.Scoping: Research on failure case study Failure case study
• Palm Oil projects
Identifying Problems
• Energy shortage (water, wood
and forest, land, materials, etc.)
especially in poor communities
• Environmental problems
(deforestation, desertification,
drought, extinction of species,
pollution, etc.)
• Social and economic
vulnerability (low-income , lack
of jobs, lack of education, etc)
Applying Appropriate Technology
• Finding actual needs of local
people with ‘appropriate
technology’
• Affordable price
• Utilizing local resources
• Generating jobs and finding
untapped local opportunities
• Small in scale and simple in
design
• Fostering social collaboration
and local development
• Easily adaptable to changes in
local environment
• * Some key characteristics
regarding appropriate
technologies
15
Severe indoor pollution
Deforestation and fuel shortage
Appropriate Technologies Background Takeo, Phnom Penh Solar cooker, Micro Solar Home System,
Improved Solar Dryer
Expected Outcomes
Comprehensive Development Strategy
GO/ IO
SMEs
Local Workforce
Academia
Local government
Poverty Reduction
Job Creation Social
Development
Encouraging Social Entrepreneurs
Producing Solar Cooker/Micro SHS
16
Solar cooker for small-scale use
Micro solar home system(SHS) Photo: Grameen Shakti
3.2. Scoping : Appropriate Technology Project Proposal
Local Governments
Cambodia
Ministry of Environment
GGGI Team
3.2. Scoping with various stakeholders
17
GGGI
ASEM SMEs Eco-
Innovation Center
Local NGOs
Int’l Technicians
3.2.Scoping in target sites
18
Improving quality of life in Takeo through ‘appropriate technology’
Social benefits
• Encourage local entrepreneurship
• Reduce health risk
Economical benefits
• Transfer technologies
• Create local market
• Create local jobs
Environmental benefits
• Reduce consumption of fuel wood
• Develop alternative energy source
19
International Organization
Government International & Local Experts
Local Workforce
GGGI : Supports international cooperation with international organizations, disseminates the project story to the international community, fund raising if necessary : Linked to the GGGI-Cambodia Green Growth Plan
Tech. Experts and Local Partners : Produces solar cookers, improved solar dryer, etc., while sharing technologies with local community
ASEIC : Manages project and provides funds as host organization/liaises with participating agencies
Business Experts
: Advises on a business
strategy
: find possible way to make a
local business sustainable , by
applying shared technologies
Local Business Model
Tech. Experts
Business Experts
Local Partners
ASEIC (SMBA/SBC) Gov’t of
Cambodia
GGGI-Cambodia Program
GGGI-ASEIC Project
in Cambodia
GGGI
Local AT Center
ASEIC Project Scope
3.3. Planning with stakeholders
3.3. Planning for pilot projects
20
GGGI/ASEIC NGOs/IOs/Private sector/etc. Funder:
Capacity Building
@ Appropriate Technology Center
Encouraging Local Entrepreneurship
Business Input (tentative in 2013)
Creating Local Business
– Technical Expertise
– Financial Assistance
– Business Strategy
– Micro Finance
Subsidizing Items
(fund from NGOs or International
Organizations)
Solar Cookers 20 units
Item:
Waste Incinerators
20 units
3.4. Implementing and Monitoring
Improved solar dryer
Create Jobs
Improve Health and Sanitation
Prevent Deforestation
Create Local Market
Reduce Pollution
Appropriate Technology
21
Solar cooker for small-scale use
•Implementing with local communities : Getting training logs from the trainees as well as trainers • Getting Feedback: Daily reports on the consumption of new solar items written by local people • Monitoring : On-site Mid-term Review by GGGI with external partners
Solar Cooker Demonstration Ceremony 23 Nov 2011 @Takeo, Cambodia
3.5. Reviewing- Finalizing pilot projects
3.5.Reviewing - Solar Cookers Pilot Projects
23
• Successful demonstration event at Takeo
• Positive response from local people (it did work!)
» Alternative energy source (against deforestation) » Potential for local entrepreneurship
Solar Cooker Demonstration Ceremony 23 Nov 2011 @Takeo, Cambodia Korean Technical Experts are sharing their technology to the local staffs in the Institute of Sustainable Agriculture and Community Development (ISAC)
3.5. Reviewing- Improved Waste Incinerators projects
24
• Established around school area in Phnom Penh
• Positive response from local people, authorities, and schools
» Contributed to the Improvement of health and sanitation issues » Educated local people how to dispose wastes
Improved Solar Dryer
Phnom Penh(2),
Battambang(1),
Mondulkiri(1)
Item Package
Advanced Solar
Cooker
Micro Solar Home
System
3.6. New Cycle for DIA
25
Create Jobs
Improve Health and Sanitation
Prevent Deforestation
Create Local Market
Reduce Pollution
AT
Takeo
Takeo
3.6. New Cycle for DIA
26
Planning
Monitoring Evaluating
Scoping Planning
Monitoring Evaluating
Scoping
<Phase I: pilot project> <Phase II : full - scale projects>
28
4.1. Importance of Development Impact Assessment
Planning
Monitoring Evaluating
Scoping Cambodia
• Enhancing the
awareness on
Green Growth
Impact Assessment
GGGI
4.2. Need to develop Green Growth Impact Assessment
29
GGGI-Cambodia Partnership
Top-down Approach
Bottom-up Approach
Establish and administrate government strategies and vision, environmental policies and management
Raise individual environmental awareness and environmental-friendly behavior
Promote green growth through environmental knowledge sharing
Cambodia’s Green Growth dream comes true with right DIA.
Helen H. Lee Cambodia Program Manager, GGGI [email protected] 8210-9530-9952