ghana health department presentation on malaria
TRANSCRIPT
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MALARIA IN LARTEH, GHANA
Afia Mia BaremanKwabena Jordan Kamal
Akua Sabrina Montemayor Kwame Brent Oldham
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BACKGROUND:MALARIA IN GHANA
• Malaria is #1 cause of death in children under 5 years• Accounts for ~20% of deaths
(WHO, 2015)• Malaria is #3 cause of death in
Ghana, resulting in 17,400 deaths annually (WHO, 2015)
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BACKGROUND:MALARIA IN GHANA
• Malaria deaths have dropped due to• Increased amount of testing• Education• Informed healthcare workers (Amoo-Sakyi, 2016)
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HEALTH CONCERNS IN PAST YEAR
None,
healt
hyMala
ria
Joint p
ain/bo
dy ach
esFev
er
Cold/
cough
Loss o
f appe
tite
Heada
che
Rashe
s Ulce
r
Diarrea
Weakne
ss
Not en
ough s
leep
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
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PREVIOUS MSU RESEARCH
Two years ago:• Community Labor in Larteh• Many people know about community labor• Different opinions on if it works
This year:• Communication methods for malaria• Age group differences in opinions and actions to prevent
malaria
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OUR RESEARCH QUESTION
What are the generational differences in malaria information delivery and their
implications on malaria perceptions and prevention actions throughout Larteh,
Ghana?
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HEALTH COMMUNICATION
• Prior focus group studies have investigated emerging generational differences for health-information needs • Findings have shown that eHealth provide
more-effective preventive services and health care for adolescent populations. (Skinner et al., 2003)
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COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
• Twi Lessons• Literature Reviews• MountCrest University Lectures• Integration within Larteh community • Participant Observation
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METHODS
• Background Research• Photovoice• Focus Groups• Interviews
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PHOTOVOICE PROCESS
• Community Participation• 4 Participants• 4 Cameras• 2 Rounds of Pictures
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PHOTOVOICE ROUND 1
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FOCUS GROUP
• Invited community to attend• Discussed 3 Themes• Found that there may be
differences in age groups, how they access malaria information, and how they act on it
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QUOTES FROM FOCUS
• How does it make you feel that this [rubbish pile] is by your house?• “Uncomfortable.....because of the scent….attracts mosquitoes”
• About littering:• Young man: Older people have to do it. They influence you.• Mia: So the older people need to not litter…How do you get them to not throw?• Young Man: You can't tell that to the adults• Mia: so who will tell the adults?• Middle-aged woman: the kids can tell the adults• Young Man: but the kids are scared to tell the adults
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PHOTOVOICE ROUND 2
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PHOTOVOICE ROUND 2
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INTERVIEWS
• One-on-one• 40 participants• Ahenase & Kubease• Health Information• Generational Attitudes
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BREAK DOWN OF AGE GROUPS INTERVIEWED
Young37%
Middle age34%
Older29%
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Internet/Social Media
School Clinic/Hospital Posters/Adverts
Community Members Door
to Door
TV Radio NGOs0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Communication Preferences between Age Groups
Ages 18-25 Ages 26-40 Ages 41+
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“SOCIAL MEDIA BRINGS PEOPLE TOGETHER”
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Yes53%
No20%
Sometimes, improve-
ment needed
27%
Communal Labor Opinions: Ages 18-25
Yes69%
No15%
Sometimes, improvement
needed 15%
Communal Labor Opinions: Ages 26-40
Yes73%
No27%
Communal Labor Opinions: Ages 40+
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“OFFER INCENTIVES FOR COMMUNAL LABOR, HAVE A BIG
PARTY WITH DANCING AND MUSIC AND DRINKS”
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OPINIONS ON THE CHIEF
Yes No02468
101214161820
Do you think the Chief is working to prevent malaria in Larteh?
Why Yes:• See communal labor• See educational meetings
held• Hear announcements• Care about the peopleWhy No:• Doesn’t live in Larteh• Not invested in Larteh• Don’t see communal
labor working
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OPINIONS ON GOVERNMENT
Why Yes:• Free Insecticide Treated Nets• Educational programs• National Health Insurance
SchemeWhy No:• Money allocated elsewhere• No incentives for
dustbins/Zoomlion• Malaria is still a prevalent
problem Yes No0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Is the Government working to prevent malaria?
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WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR CHANGE?
Responses:• Chief• Assembly men/local government• National government
“Because we [the youth] are active and know what is going on around the world”
-21 year old interview participant
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COMMUNICATION RESULTS
• Younger, middle-aged, older people prefer different ways to learn about malaria• Young population prefer internet, social media• Middle aged prefer TV, radio• Older aged prefer door to door • All used health clinic info and megaphone announcements
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GENERATIONAL RESULTS
• People like community labor and want to see more• Younger generation is more skeptical about its
effectiveness• Focus Group Quote, in regards to communal
labor:• “Laws aren't enforced that much so I don't
think that would work.”
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SPECIFIC IMPLICATIONS
• Larteh has a variety of existing communication methods being utilized for health information• In order to improve malaria prevention,
these methods should be heavily used to promote malaria information and communal labor • Improving communication and reaching
more people will mean an improvement in malaria prevention and treatment
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BROADER IMPLICATIONS
• Further investigation into the delivery of health information and education throughout developing countries• Use of new technologies to reach an evolving
audience and younger generations• Utilizing social media as a tool for health
information education and community organization for public health initiatives
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LIMITATIONS
• Language barrier • Sample size • Condensed time frame• Translator bias• Resources limitations
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• MountCrest University• Michigan State University• Dr. Constance Currier, DrPH, MPH and Linda Gordon, MS,
MA• Mr. Ahpentang• Cindy Attrams • Akua Beatrice• The community of Larteh
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CITATIONS
• Amoo-Sakyi, A. (2016). Malaria [Lecture]. MountCrest University. Accra, Ghana
• World Health Organization. (2015). Ghana: WHO statistical profile. [Fact Sheet]. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/gho/en/
• Skinner, H., Biscope, S., Poland, B. (2003). How Adolescents Use Technology for Health Information: Implications for Health Professionals from Focus Group Studies. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 5(4): e32. doi: 10.2196/jmir.5.4.e32
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QUESTIONS?
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ME DA SE PAA! MKPEGEWOLE PAA!