ghana highway authority department of urban roads … · 2000. 12. 22. · road projects earmarked...

GHANA: MINISTRY OF ROADS & TRANSPORT E-402GHANA HIGHWAY AUTHORITYDEPARTMENT OF URBAN ROADSDEPARTMENT OF FEEDER ROADS

ENVIRONMENTAL & RESETTLEMENT/COMPENSATIONFRAMEWORK

C. ANDOH

ENVI'IRONAETN4L COASULTAA'T

GHANA HIGHU'A YA UTHORITY

ACCRA-GHA.VA

November 2000

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ENVIRONMENTAL AND RESETTLEMENT/COMPENSATION FRAMEWORKGHANA ROAD SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (RSDP) ........................ 1

Introduction ............................................................... I

Proposed Environment and Social management plan for RSDP ............................................................. 1

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES OF RSDP ................................................ 2

Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework ............................................................... 2Government Of Ghana's Environmental Policy ............................................................... 2Legal And Administrative Framework ............................................................... 2

Selection of Project Roads .............................................................. 3

Alternatives Examined ............................................................... 3

No Action Alternative ............................................................... 3

Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Alternative ............................................................... 4Improvement Of Existing Road .............................................................. 4

Baseline Information of RSDP Roads .............................................................. 4Highways ............................................................... 4Urban Roads ............................................................... 6Feeder Roads ............................................................... 7

Major Environmental Impacts of RSDP Roads .............................................................. 7Highways and Feeder Roads .............................................................. 7Urban Roads ............................................................... 8

Positive Impacts of RSDP ............................................................... 8

Summary of Environmental Impacts for Road Projects in Ghana ......................................................... 8

SOCIAL ISSUES OF RSDP ................................................. 12

Resettlement/Compensation Legal Framework .............................................................. 12Resettlement/compensation policy in Ghana .............................................................. 12Land Acquisition and compensation laws .............................................................. 12Category of loss .............................................................. 13The lands Act (1963) and World Bank OP4.30 .............................................................. 13Eligibility .............................................................. 13Valuation .............................................................. 13Building/structures .............................................................. 13Assessment of Compensation .............................................................. 14Procedures for delivery of entitlements .............................................................. 14Time Frame .............................................................. 14Conflict Management .............................................................. 15Consultation and participation .............................................................. 15Financial responsibilities .............................................................. 15

Resettlement/compensation Procedures .............................................................. 15Institutional Arrangements .............................................................. 16

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION ACTIONS FORFIRST YEAR ACTIVITIES OF RSDP ....................................... 18

Environmental and Social impacts of Proposed Highway Projects .................................................... 18Jasikan Brewaniase (52km) .................................................................... 1................ ..... 8... 18Brewaniase - Oti Damanko ................... 2................................. ..... 20Accra - Tema - Motorway Phase 11 & III .. 2............ ................. 1.. .... 21Sogakope - Ho (80km) ............... 22................... .............. ........... .. 22Berekum - Sampa ..................... ................................ ......... ......... .......... .. 22Ho -Fume .................................. 23

Environmental and Social Impacts of Urban Road Projects .24

Environmental and social Impacts of Feeder Road Projects .24

Environmental and Social Mitigation Plan For The RSDP .25Management and Monitoring the Environmental Impacts of the RSDP ................................................ . 25Management and Monitoring the Social Impacts of the RSDP ............................................................... 25Redefining the Environmental Unit Within GHA .................... ...... ... 25Functions ....................................................................................... 26Staffing ....... 2...................... . 26Deputy Managers ........... 2............. ......... 6.............................. ............... .... 26Deputy Manager - Monitoring ................................................... 27GHA Deputy Manager - Assessment ............................................ 27Deputy Managers - DFR/DUR ................................................. 27The Unit At Regional Level ........................ 2.......................7............ ....... 27

RSDP ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PLAN ................................................ 28

Figure 1. The Environmental Unit Within GHA ............................................................................. 31

Figure 2. THE ENVIRONMENTAL UNIT OF GHA, UNIT ORGANISATIONAL CHART .......... 32

Figure 3. Environmental and Social Clearance ............................................................................. 33

Table 1: Ghana Highway Authority, RSDP Priority Roads 2001-2005 . . 34

Table 2 Projected Resettlement and Compensation, Department of Urban roads (2001 - 2005):Accra ............................................................................. 35

Table 2. Continued ............................................................................. 36

Table 3 Project Resettlement and Compensation, Department Of Urban Roads (2001 - 2005)Kumasi ............................................................................. 37

Table 3. Continued ............................................................................. 38

Table 4 Projected Resettlement and Compensation, Department of Urban Roads (2001 - 2005) Tema..................................................................................................................................................................... 39

Table 5. Projected Resettlement And Compensation, Department of Urban Roads (2001-2005), GADistrict.41

Table 6. Projected Resettlement And Compensation, Department of Urban Roads (2001-2005),Tamale.42

Table 7. Projected Resettlement And Compensation, Department of Urban Roads (2001-2005),Sekondi Takoradi.43

Table 8. Projected Resettlement And Compensation, Department of Urban Roads (2001-2005),Koforidua .......................................................................... 44

Table 9. Projected Resettlement And Compensation, Department of Urban Roads (2001-2005), CapeCoast .......................................................................... 45

ENVIRONMENTAL AND RESETTLEMENT/COMPENSATION FRAMEWORK

GHANA ROAD SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (RSDP)

INTRODUCTION

The Ghana Road Sector Development Program (RSDP) is being proposed as the follow-on investment to the Highway Sector Improvement Program (HSIP). The overallapproach to the environmental and social management of the proposed new program is tostrengthen the environmental impact assessment system established under the HSIP. Thepotentially new and expected environmental and social impacts of the RSDP's field ofinfluence and activities have been identified and assessed. The overall approach toenvironmental and social management of this new investment is to strengthen andenhance the EIA system by improving the Ghana Highway Authority's (GHA), andextended to the Department of Urban Roads (DUR) and Department of Feeder Roads(DFR), capacity to supervise or undertake EIAs and to monitor environmental and socialimpacts of road rehabilitation activities.

PROPOSED ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR RSDP

The concern for environmental and social management sustainability under RSDP is theneed for improving the institutional capacity for continuous environmental managementactivities within the road sector and the efficient use of available resources. The keyinstitutional activities that require attention during the implementation of the RSDP arearticulated the Andoh!Katz report, 2000. These will provide the basis for strengtheningenvironmental management under the proposed RSDP where a detailed plan of requiredaction, time frame to implement, estimated budget, and responsible agencies toadequately ensure the efficient and continuous implementation of environmentalmanagement activities within the road sector, under RSDP, are developed. Aresettlement and compensation policy framework has been developed to address suchissues within the RSDP. In accordance with national environmental legislation, eachroad activity will be subject to an environmental assessment. Strengthening the capacityand co-ordination will be crucial in managing the environmental and social issues in theRSDP.Based on the RSDP investments and environmental and social management experiencegained under the HSIP, the Environmental Mitigation Plan (EMP) will support thefollowing activities: i) environmental and social capacity strengthening, ii) ensuringphysical works are adequately managed, iii) co-ordination of all project cycle aspects.

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ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES OF RSDP

Road projects earmarked for implementation under the RSDP by three road agencies, theGhana Highway Authority, the Department of Feeder Roads, and the Department ofUrban Roads of the Ministry of Roads and Transport generally involve the rehabilitationor reconstruction of existing roads. The project will follow existing alignments and noradical widening of roads will take place. The expected impact of the RSDP projects onthe environment will therefore be minimal. In a few cases, sections of the roads fall shortof the required standard width. This is due to the fact that buildings and other structureshave been constructed close to the road and within the road reservation. To obtain thestandard width some such properties will have to be demolished. The number of suchproperties involved is very small.

Similar to many other development projects, the RSDP projects, if not handled properly,could impact negatively on the environment. Although the extent to which it could affectthe environment is minimal, an Environmental Assessment is presented in this report tooutline measures that would be put in place to minimise or eliminate these impacts. TheAssessment is also in line with the World Bank Policy for such projects. In preparingthis report reference was made to a number of publications including the World BankTechnical Paper No. 140 - Environmental Assessment Sourcebook Vol.11 and EPA ofGhana's EIA guidelines

POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

Government Of Ghana's Environmental Policy

The environmental policy of the Government of Ghana seeks to:

* Maintain ecosystems and ecological processes essential for the functioning ofthe bio-sphere

* Ensure sound management of natural resources and the environment* Adequately protect humans, animals and plants, their biological communities

and habitats against harmful impacts and destructive practices, and preservebiological diversity

* Guide development in accordance with quality requirements to prevent,reduce and as far as possible, eliminate pollution and nuisances

* Integrate environmental considerations in sectoral structural socio-economicplanning at national, regional and district levels; and

* Seek common solutions to environmental problems in West Africa, Africaand the World at large.

Legal And Administrative Framework

In order to achieve the above policy objectives, the government has put in place thenecessary legal and administrative framework, which includes the following:

* Passing of the Environmental Protection Act (Act.460 of 1994) andLegislative Instrument 1652 of 1999. Under both Legislatives,Environmental Impact Assessment is mandatory for Road projects.

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* The establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency which ensures theimplementation of environmental policy and co-ordinates environmentalactivities

* The preparation of a National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) in 1988 toarticulate government's environmental policies and provide the framework forinterventions needed to protect the environment

* International Conventions And Treaties* Ghana is a signatory to many international conventions, which impinge on the

environment. These include:* UN Framework Convention on Climatic Change (Kyoto) (1997)* Chemical Weapons Convention (1997)* Convention to Combat Desertification (1994)* Convention on Biological Diversity (1992)* Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the Ozone (1989)* Vienna Convention on Protection of Ozone layer (1987)* Convention on Preservation of Wetlands for Migratory Birds (Ramsar)* The African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural

Resources (1968)- International Convention for the pollution of the Sea by oil (1954).

SELECTION OF PROJECT ROADS

During the prefeasibility stage, in the selection of roads, preliminary environmentalstudies are conducted alongside the socio-economic studies. Where a major negativeenvironmental impact is envisaged, eg., major negative impact on wetlands,recommendations are made not to select the road. When the roads pass the prefeasibilitystage, a detailed environrnental impact assessment is carried out. Thus all roads selectedfor rehabilitation or reconstruction will undergo an environmental assessment whenaccepted for implementation. The assessment is a requirement under the LegislativeInstrument LI.1652 (1999) and the Environmental Protection Act 460 of 1995.

ALTERNATIVES EXAMINED

Taking the effect of road projects on the environment - both natural and built, thefollowing alternatives were considered:

* "No-action" Alternative* Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Alternatives

No ACTION ALTERNATIVE

The "No-action" alternative assumes that the present state of the roads proposed underthe RSDP would pertain. This would imply that the roads would be left in their currentstate of poor riding surface and unacceptable geometric alignments. Some of the roadsare characterised by sharp horizontal curves and poor sight distances.Under this alternative, the present low standard of living in areas within the RSDP roadcorridor would continue to worsen. All development opportunities such as easymovement of agricultural produce, easy movement of passengers, reduced vehicleoperating cost would not be realised.

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The present dusty nature of some of the roads, which is causing a serious health problemfor the people living in the area, would remain. The narrow, uneven road surface andsharp curves causing long heavy vehicles to topple over and spill oil would continue topertain.A choice of a "No-action" alternative will therefore, only rarely be in line with theGovernment's long term development objectives as outlined in Vision 2020.

REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION ALTERNATIVE

Improvement Of Existing Road

This alternative implies improving the road alignment to an acceptable safety, speed andenvironmental standard.The alternative usually looks the more realistic since there would be virtually veryminimal environmental impact as compared to the benefits that would be accrued fromits implementation.

Although there are environmental implications associated with the option appropriatemitigation measures would be implemented to control them. In spite of its high initialcost, the benefits to be accrued far outweigh the benefits of the other alternativesconsidered.

BASELINE INFORMATION OF RSDP ROADS

Highways

Under the RSDP, the first roads to be rehabilitated/reconstructed have been packaged asfollows, and the considerations given below are examples of the baseline informationcompiled before the EA is carried out:

Total DistanceLot.1 Jasikan-Brewaniase-Oti Damanko (40-89km)

Oti Damanko-Yendi (0-05km) - 98kmThese roads stretch from the Eastern corridor of the dry semi-equatorial climateof the Volta Region to the tropical continental or savanna climate of the northernregion. Whereas the first part of the project roads receive two rainy seasons withmean annual rainfall between 1250-1500mm, the rest of the roads have a singlerainy season of about 1000-1 150mm of mean annual rainfall. The mean monthlytemperatures are between 2 4°C to 30°C. Relative humidities are between 75 to95%.The Semi-equatorial climate sections of the project road have dry-semi deciduousforest. Due to frequent use as farmland the zone has been replaced through suchactivities by wooded or tree savanna vegetation. The Northern end of roads liesin the interior wooded savanna vegetation zone, which constitutes the largestsingle vegetation, zone in Ghana. Only trees such as baobab, dawa dawa, acaciasand shea have adapted to this environment.

Grasses within this area grow in tussocks and can reach heights of 3 metres ormore. Regular burning, grazing of livestock and cultivation have reducedconsiderably trees in this zone.

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The soil is Ochrosols (i.e., highly coloured soils) which are developed over highlyweathered parent materials.They are developed over the voltatian shales and granites. These soils are noteasily porous and thus become waterlogged in the rainy season, but dry out in thedry season. These soils are poor in organic matter and nutrients and aresometimes acidic.Geologically, the project roads are made up of gently dipping or flat-beddedsandstones, shales and mudstones that are easily eroded. The land-use of theproject corridor consists of farm/uncultivated land and human settlements.

Lot.2 Sogakope-Ho (30-80km)Ho-Fume (25-40.6km) - 65.6kmThe Sogakope-Ho-Fume road project starts from the dry equatorial through to thedry semi-equatorial climates in the Volta Region of Ghana. Both climatesexperience two rainfall maxima; with mean annual rainfall between 74-89cm forthe dry equatorial and 125-200cm for the Wet-Semi equatoral climate.Temperature ranges between 26°C-30°C, while monthly relative humidities in thedry equatorial climatic region do not exceed 75%.The area falls within the interior wooded savanna with few and widely scatteredtrees such as acacias. The plant life of this vegetation zone has a marked changewhich looks green with life during the rainy season. Trees blossom and grassesshoot up rapidly. The whole area looks parched and desolate with leaveschanging colour from green to yellow and shedding leaves during the dry season.The vegetation is quite open and dominated by short grasses.There are three main soil groups in this project zone: coastal savanna ochrosolslateritic sandy soils and forest ochrosols. The coastal sandy soils are pale yellowsands often without top layer of humus or organic matter. They support coconutsand where manured, shallots and other crops. The lateritic sandy soils aredeficient in organic matter and nutrients. They are acidic and becomewaterlogged during the wet season because of an underlying layer of hardenedclay.

Birds found in the corridor include the Common Hooded Vulture (NeophronMonsehus) Harrier Hawk (Polyboroides Radiatus) Finch (Serinus Mozambicus)Woodland Kingfisher (Halcyon Senegalenses).

The common reptiles include the Nile Monitor ( Veranus Niloticus) Agama lizard(Agama Agama)

Lot.3 Techiman-Kintampo (60km)Berekum-Sampa (58-88km) - 90kmThe two roads lie in the Dry Semi Deciduous forest zone. Mean annual rainfall isbetween 1250-1500mm and occur in two seasons, a minor in May to June and amajor in September to October. Mean monthly temperatures range from about30°C in March to about 260C in August. While from 90-95% in the rainy seasonto 75-80% in the dry season.

The corridors traverse a rolling terrain with gentle 2 to 6 degree slopes. Verylittle of the original forest remains and most of what is left is secondary forest.The fauna inhabiting the zone includes birds such as the Hooded Vulture,

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Neophran Monuchus, Harrier Hawk (Polyboroides Radiatus) West African BlackKite (Mitrus Migrans) and the Woodland King Fisher. Reptiles include the NileMonitor ( Varamus Niloticus) Agama Lizards (Green Mamba, Black Cobra) andthe African Python. Mammals include the Royal Antelope Maxwell Duiker.Neither flora nor fauna species is endangered.Principal soils are the forest ochrosols not heavily leached as forest oxysols andgenerally contain more nutrients. In some areas derived savanna have resultedfrom forest destruction due to use as farmlands.

Lot.4 Accra-Tema Motorway Phases II & III (14km) - 66kmThe Motorway has the same environmental characteristics as the RSDP urbanroads.It is located in the southeast coastal plains of Ghana, which are generally flat.The general elevation is not more than 75m above sea level. The rocksunderlying the motorway is of the Dahomeyan series of the Precambrian erawhich forms the basement complex of Ghana. The rocks are mainlymetamorphic and consist of gneisses and schist. The major soil groups found inthe project corridor include coastal savanna ochrosols, lateritic sandy soils,tropical black clays or Akuse soils.Both sides of this section of the motorway are built up areas and the land useconsists of mainly residential and commercial.

Lot.5 Wa-Hian (78km)Bamboi-Bole (35-70km) - 113kmThese roads lie in the interior wooded savanna zone. The road corridorsexperience a single rainy season (May to October) followed by a prolonged dryseason. The mean annual rainfall ranges from 1000-1150mm with mean monthlytemperatures ranging from 36°C in March to 27°C in August. Relative humidityranges from a high of 70-90% (rainy season) to a low of 20% (dry season).The Low-lying topography of the area is susceptible to erosion during stormwater flows.

Urban Roads

The urban roads proposed for rehabilitation or reconstruction under the RSDP are alllocated in built-up areas in the following cities or urban centres.

* Accra* Kumasi* Tema* Ga* Tamale* Sekondi Takoradi* Koforidua* Cape Coast

The roads follow existing alignments through residential, commercial, industrial, andother land uses commonly found in cities. These are all statutory planning areas where

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the Town and Country Planning has prepared planning schemes indicating roadalignment and their reservations. Within these road reservations there are fewunauthorised structures such as kiosks.

Feeder Roads

The thrust of the feeder roads program is rehabilitation and spot improvements ofexisting networks throughout the country. Road improvement segments will range indistance between 2 km and 35 km. The feeder roads are located in various climaticzones throughout the country, starting from the coastal savannah through the forest beltto the dry wooded savannah zone in the north. They connect remote villages to majorhighways or urban centres. The planned activity of works is constrained to existingalignments only.

MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF RSDP ROADS

Highways and Feeder Roads

The following will be the major impacts with regard to the highway component of theRSDP. The same impacts could be expected from the feeder road projects but on asmaller scale.

* Clearing around the right-of-way or for borrow pits may damage ecologicallysensitive areas such as forests, wetlands and wildlife refuges during capital-intensive rehabilitation of the type envisaged in RSDP;

* Sedimentation or pollution of streams and other water bodies may result fromroad works such as vegetation clearing, and from operation of heavymachinery itself;

* After road rehabilitation further sedimentation may occur as a result ofinadequate or poorly designed erosion control and drainage measures.Pollution levels may increase as a result of improved access for people andlivestock as a result of drinking, waste water and washing activities;

* Direct effects on roadside communities may include health problems resultingfrom excessive noise and dust during road work, and as a result of increasedtraffic after completion. Road safety problems may also be increased duringand after rehabilitation work.

Secondary impacts commonly resulting from extensive road rehabilitation are listedbelow. These result from increased access and commercial activity for the most part.Although these impacts are indirect, they are often as important as direct effects, in bothpositive and negative aspects. However, negative secondary aspects are often moredifficult to mitigate, since they spread beyond direct responsibilities of road agencies.

* Shifts in land-use and ownership may occur due to increased land value,opening of new areas to markets and delivery of inputs and social services;

* Settlement patterns may change (for example, growth of existing villages orformation of new settlements) as a result of increased commercial activityalong the road corridor;

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* Exploitation of forest products and wildlife may increase as result of marketaccess or land use changes, leading to a decline in the natural resource baseand biodiversity;

* Changes may occur in cultural practices and traditions as a result of increasedexposure to outside influences.

The most notable direct adverse socio-economic impacts from RSDP are those related toincreased safety hazards to pedestrians caused by: expansion of automobile traffic (andspeed); greater pedestrian road traffic resulting from expected increased commerce asroad conditions improve; and the proximity of houses sited too close to the road to permitroad rehabilitation to proceed efficiently.

Urban Roads

With regard to the urban roads, the major negative impacts will be:

* Dust pollution

* Disruption of traffic flow

* Pedestrian vehicular conflict.

POSITIVE IMPACTS OF RSDP

The positive impacts of the RSDP will include strengthening capacity of the roadagencies under the Ministry of Roads and Transport, in particular the GHA, DFR andDUR to supervise or undertake EIAs and to monitor environmental impacts of roadrehabilitation activities. Details of proposed plans for institutional strengthening of theseagencies with regard to environmental management are found in the section onEnvironmental Management and Training of this report.Other positive impacts expected from the road rehabilitation, which from the basis ofproject viability, include:

* Radical reduction in dust pollution

* Elimination of hazardous traffic points

* Savings in transport costs, both in time and through modal transfers;

M More efficient transport of farm to produce to markets; and* Increased access to social and health services.

SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS FOR ROAD PROJECTS IN GHANA

A review of the Environmental Assessment already prepared showed the following as themost significant negative impacts. The table below presents a summary of thesecommon negative impacts and corresponding mitigation measures proposed to minimiseor eliminate these impacts. It also illustrates that generally the adverse impact of roadprojects in Ghana is minimal.

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Impacts Description Assessment MitigationDust pollution Dust will be generated Extent: Limited and * Regular watering offrom earth moving during the entire Local. exposed surfacesmachines and construction period. Duration: * Early tarring of accessuntarred roads Activities such as land Temporary and Short roads

clearing, excavations for term * Maintenance ofthe provision of Magnitude: Low vehicles to minimiseinfrastructure will resultin dust emissions. Evaluation: Impact emissions

is very lowNoise and Noise and vibrations Extent: Limited to * Adhere to maintenancevibrations from caused by construction construction period. schedules of vehiclesmachines machinery and vehicles Duration:

Temporary and Shortterm

Magnitude: Low

Evaluation: Impactis negligible

* Diversion of Normal flow of traffic Extent: Limited and * Incorporate trafficvehicular traffic will be affected during Local. safety measures within

* Vehicular- the constructional Duration: the project design e.g.pedestrian period, in most cases Temporary and Short * Speed limit zonesconflicts causing confusion to term Provide lay-byes

* Accidents due road users if alterative Magnitude: Low within the settlementto Accensed routes are not provided. Evaluation: Impact * Provide pedestriantraffic is very low crossing within the

settlement* Increased rate Erosion of unprotected Extent: Limited, * Rehabilitate and plant

of erosion (e.g. slopes will cause an Local and Regional slopes with local grasson road increase in siltation of Duration: species as soon asshoulders) streams with a resulting Temporary and Short possible.

* Siltation of change in hydraulic term * install ample culvertsnearby water conditions. Magnitude: Low to prevent waterbodies Evaluation: Impact logging

is very lowObstruction of Dangerous driving Extent: Limited, * Provide alternativeaccess routes conditions where Local and Regional routes or diversionsduring road construction vehicles Duration: where new roads areconstruction interfere with local Temporary and Short constructed

traffic on existing roads term * Provide, erect and

Magnitude: Low maintain on the siteEvaluation: Impact and at such positionsis very low on the approaches,

reflectorised trafficsigns and trafficcontrol signals

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Job creation Increased job Extent: Limited, * Employ local labouropportunities Local and Regional and skills

Duration: * Retain only a coreTemporary and Short team of skilled labourterm on site.

Magnitude: Low

Evaluation: Impactis very low

* Generation and * Transport of Extent: Limited, * Measures will be takendisposal of materials could pose Local and Regional to ensure thatexcavated waste problems to motorist Duration: constructional vehiclesfrom and pedestrians along Temporary and Short do not cause safetyconstruction various roads term hazard, noise, dust orsites * Excavations will Magnitude: Low to disturbance to local

* Excavation and alter the landform medium inhabitantstransportation temporarily during Evaluation: Impact All gravel or otherof gravel construction is low borrow pits, workingmaterial from areas will be reinstatedburrow pits or restored.

* Surface water Pollution will occur Extent: Limited, * Control and managecontamination mainly due to Local and Regional the storage of

. Deterioration of uncontrolled storage of Duration: materials, fuel, andsurface water fuel, chemicals and Temporary and Short sewagequality. sewerage effluent. term * Locate discharge

Magnitude: Low points for drains from

Evaluation: Impact inhabited areasis low appropriately to avoid

polluting potablewater sources.

* Increased rate Erosion of unprotected Extent: Limited, * Rehabilitate and plantof erosion (e.g. slopes will cause an Local and Regional slopes up with grasson road increase in siltation of Duration: as soon as possibleshoulders) streams with a resulting Temporary and Short after disfigurement

* Siltation of change in hydraulic term * Install drains alongnearby water conditions. Magnitude: Low the road in residentialbodies Evaluation: Impact areas to avoid

is very low flooding of houses,courtyards and lanes

* Install permanent barscreens in drains forwaste trapping

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Pollution of ground Leachate from waste Extent: Limited to Measures will be taken towater resources dump sites or material construction period. prevent spillage or

spillage could Duration: leakage of materials likelycontaminate ground Temporary and Short to cause pollution ofwater resources and term ground water resources.affect human health . Such measures will

Magnitude: Low include:Evaluation: Impact .provision of bundsis negligible around fuel and oil

storage facilities,

* provision of oil andgrease traps indrainage systems.

Destruction of flora Cover loss has Extent: Limited to * Co-ordinate withand fauna implications on runoff, construction period. Town Planning

microclimate and Duration: Department thataesthetic Temporary and Short buffer zone be

term maintained betweenMagnitude: Low settlement and waste

Evaluation: Impact dump sitesis negligible * Preserve existing

vegetation

Leachate from Leachate from waste Extent: Limited to * Adequate sanitarywaste may dump sites or material construction period. facilities for thepollute ground spillage could Duration: workforce shall bewater resources contaminate ground Temporary and Short provided.

* Creation of water resources and term * Discharge of anyhabitats for affect human health Magnitude: Low untreated sanitarydisease vectors Evaluation: Impact waste to groundwater

is negligible or any surface watercourse will be avoided.

Offensive odour Auto-emissions from Extent: Limited to * Regular servicing of(air pollution) machinery and odours construction period. machinery and

from particulate matter Duration: vehiclespose health threats to Temporary and Short * Maintain goodlocal community. term housing-keeping and

Magnitude: Low sanitary conditions


Visual impacts Uncontrolled waste Extent: Limited to * Minimise windblowndisposal operations will local area. materials from thehave adverse aesthetic Duration: waste disposal siteimpact as a result of Temporary and Short * Cover dumped wastewindblown litter, untidy term as quickly as possiblework area and burning Magnitude: Lowof waste.


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SOCIAL ISSUES OF RSDPResettlement and compensation issues have been handled by the implementing agenciesof the Ministry of Roads and Transport. The RSDP projects usually follow the existingalignments. However, in a few cases buildings and structures will have to be demolishedto obtain the standard road width.The RSDP will have three implementing agencies -- Ghana Highway Authority,Department of Feeder Roads, and the Department of Urban Roads of the Ministry ofRoads and Transport -- who will handle compensation and resettlement issues.The physical works component of the Program is one of the largest, consisting of routinemaintenance, periodic maintenance and rehabilitation, upgrading, reconstruction, limitednew construction as well as bridge and culvert work in all three road sub-sectors. GHAaccounts for the largest portion of the funding requirements for this component at 56% ofthe total, followed by the Department of Urban Roads at 23%, with the Department ofFeeder Roads at 19%.Some preliminary assessment work has already been prepared for the Urban Roadscomponent of the Program and the established framework will be applied for the rest ofthe Program. In addition to this initial screening process, individual social assessmentsand environmental assessments will be completed for each road segment to berehabilitated as stated in the principles for the Program. These assessments will bemonitored closely by the Environment Unit based on studies already undertaken forexample, baseline socio-economic studies on the impact of roads on poverty reduction.

RESETTLEMENT/COMPENSATION LEGAL FRAMEWORK

Resettlement/compensation policy in Ghana

It is the policy of the Government of Ghana to pay compensation to people whoseproperties, lands or landed property are affected by such projects. The State Lands Act1963 section 6 (1) provides that any person whose property is affected by public projectsshall be entitled to compensation. The same Act provides avenues for people who arenot satisfied with compensation to seek redress.

Land Acquisition and compensation laws

Acquisition of land for road projects is regulated by the Lands (Statutory Wayleaves) Act1963 Act 186 (Vide Section 1, 2(1) and 2, 6 (1-5).A wayleave instrument contains the following:

* A description (with measurements) of the land affected by the Statutory wayleavetogether with a plan showing the position of the works (road alignment).

A copy of wayleave instrument is served on the owner or occupier of the land affected bythe Statutory wayleave. Under Section 6(1) of the Act, any person who suffers any lossor damage as a result of the construction, maintenance etc shall be entitled tocompensation. A claim for compensation shall be made to the Minister in the prescribedform not more than three months after the date of declaration made by the Presidentunder Section 1 of the Act.

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Category of loss

Categories of loss are land, landed property and farms/crops. There are three main areaswhere road projects under the RSDP will result in these: Road alignment, Borrowpits/Quarries and Project Campsite.

The Lands Act (1963) and World Bank OP4.30

Road projects planned under the RSDP follow existing alignments. The aim of theprogramme is to improve existing roads. Attempts have been made in the designs toavoid destruction of properties. In cases where it becomes necessary to demolish ordestroy part of a farmland, cash compensation will be paid under the Lands Act 1963Section 6 (1) Payment of cash as compensation is line with part III (10) of the WorldBank OP4.12 which provides that "the payment of cash compensation is appropriatewhere livelihoods are land based but the land taken for the project (in this case road) is asmall fraction of the affected asset and the residual is economically viable, where activemarkets for land, housing and labour exist".

Eligibility

The owner of the property under the Act is the only person entitled to compensation. Inmost cases the owner is the household head who takes care of the other membersincluding the extended family.

Valuation

Where a farm is the perennial plantation type, the investment method is used for theassessment. In this case, the net annual income from the farm is capitalised at theappropriate interest rate over the expected remaining life of the farm. For others like theseasonal crops and the isolated perennial ones, the acreage/unit rates are used.

Building/structures

Compensation for land and buildings/structures is also assessed having regard to themarket value of the affected property. Where particulars on transactions of similarproperties are readily available and easily accessible, the simple comparative approach isadopted, with the necessary adjustment as a result of the minor differences in theconditions of the properties (the subject property and the comparable ones).Incidentally, building/structures which are usually affected by GHA and feeder roadprojects are the types that do not change hands in the market, (they are mostly ruralproperties). The Comparative Method can therefore not be used to arrive at the marketvalue. This method can typically be used only in the case of urban roads.The market value is arrived at by the "Replacement Cost". Since compensation is paidfor any affected property as we find it at the time of the demolition, the replacement costfigure arrived at, which makes the property as if new, is depreciated by an appropriatepercentage, (condition of the property determines the percentage figure), to arrive at thefigure that is appropriately related to the property as it is. Drink money paid to thetraditional landowners for building plots is added to the depreciated figure obtained(hence the method termed "Depreciated Replacement Cost of the Development plus theValue of the Land"). This, in turn, is topped up by 10-15%, representing 'Removal andContingencies', to arrive at the compensation payable.

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The cost rate used in the assessment, encompasses all the cost items indicated in the"Draft P04, 12 Annex Notes" under Part III of the "Resettlement Policy Framework". Inthe assessment, the value of salvage materials is not taken into account. The affectedproperty owners are allowed to take them. However, if it is established that the project islikely to enhance the values of the claimant's adjoining properties, the extent of theenhancement - 'Betterment' - may be taken into account in the compensationassessment.

Assessment of Compensation

As already mentioned above, properties affected by roads projects areinspected/referenced or enumerated jointly by the Valuation Unit of the GHA and theLand Valuation Board, the Government's statutorily accredited valuation body. TheGHA Valuation Unit jointly undertakes the inspection/referencing exercise with theBoard's regional offices, according to the Region where the project is located. The twooffices, however, prepare independent reports/valuations, applying rates of value/costdetermined by the Board. The depreciated Replacement Cost of the development plusthe value of the land is the method used in the assessment. The two independentreports/valuations are submitted to the Board at the national level, for vetting and finalapproved compensation.Assessment of royalties on borrow pits: Royalties on borrow pits are assessed, based onquantity of materials taken from the pits. Contractors are therefore advised to keep arecord of, or find a way of calculating quantity of, materials taken from each borrow pit.The recorded quantities are submitted to the Valuation Section of the GHA forassessment of the appropriate royalties

Procedures for delivery of entitlements

The approved amounts are communicated to the GHA for payment to the beneficiaries.Ideally and as much as possible, compensation is to be paid before the owners/occupiersare made to vacate their properties for demolition. This has, however, not always beenthe case, because either funds may not be available for the payment when thecompensation amounts are approved by the Board or there may be a delay of approvalfrom the Board. Where funds are not readily available, GHA appeals to the extendedfamilies of the affected property owner/occupiers to temporarily accommodate the latter.Where on the other hand, there is a delay of approval from the Land Valuation Board,part payment of the values, as assessed by GHA valuation Unit is made to thebeneficiaries, and the difference paid when the approved amounts are received from theBoard.When adequate compensation is paid to the affected property owner, they arrange toresettle themselves. The GHA, however, assists them, through the District Assemblies,to acquire some of the materials they may require for their resettlement.

Time Frame

Approval from the Land Valuation takes on the average of four months. Payment to theproperty owners depends on the availability of funds. Non availability of funds usuallycauses delays in the payment of compensation. Although property owners are alertedabout the demolition during the assessment, they are given two months notice to quit

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after payment of compensation. This means if funds are available the whole processfrom assessment to demolition could take roughly nine months.

Conflict Management

During the consultation process and at the forum the extent of damage to properties willbe made known. When the amount of compensation to be paid is made known, theaffected people have every right to appeal if not satisfied.

Where grievance entails inadequacy of compensation paid, the law, Section 4 of theLands Act 1963, provides for appeal to the "Lands Tribunal" - an ad judicatory body.Where the grievance relates to implementation of the resettlement plan, the affectedpersons appeal to the District Assembly.

Consultation and participation

During the consultation stages of the projects, the affected people will be briefed on thecompensation/resettlement process. Each affected person will be given the chance tospeak on a draft compensation/resettlement plan particularly on issues of concern to himor her. Names and contact addresses will be compiled for the database at theenvironmental unit. The final compensation and resettlement plan will be presented tothe affected persons.

The monitoring team will liaise with all those involved in the compensation/resettlementprocess (e.g. the Valuation Section, Legal Division and the Lands Valuation Board) tomonitor the timing. The affected persons will be kept informed at the various stages ofthe process.

Financial responsibilities

It will be the responsibility of the Government of Ghana to pay compensation asprovided under section 6 (1) of the State Land Act 1963. The Same Act directs peoplewith claims to forward these to the Minister.

Funds for compensation will be drawn from the Road Fund. According to the revenueprojection of the Fund, (see Road Fund projections 2001-2003) approximately US$251mwill be realised over the investment period. About 95% of this amount is to be allocatedfor road works that will include payment of compensation. Another source for funds forcompensation is the Consolidated Fund.

The same sources will fund the management and monitoring of the environmental/socialaspects of the RSDP.

RESETTLEMENT/COMPENSATION PROCEDURES

The next three years of activities will include road rehabilitation in the following areas:

* Highway rehabilitation;* Urban road improvement;* Feeder roads.

Because the exact locations on these roads to be rehabilitated have not yet beenidentified, no individual social assessments have been carried out and thus potentialimpacts are not known. Therefore it has been agreed that the government will prepare aframework for potential impacts (compensation/resettlement) on people who live along

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these roads. This framework will be applied in the likelihood that people will be affectednegatively and will need to receive compensation.

The following steps will be followed:

Step I: Prepare a Social Assessment - Social assessments need TORs to be preparedwhich should cover collection and evaluation of data in the following fields:

* demographic and socio-economic profile of the people in the specific area,* assessment of potential impact on cultural, social and economic spheres,* suggestion of mitigation plans if applicable

Step 11: Apply framework for Compensation/Resettlement - Such a framework, designedand approved of by the government, will include information and instructions under thefollowing headlines:

* laws and regulations,* institutional arrangements,* resettlement/compensation eligibility and criteria,* consultation/participation strategy,- implementation procedures,- financial responsibilities, and- a monitoring and evaluation plan.

Step III. Design a compensation/resettlement plan if applicable

Institutional Arrangements

The institutional arrangements build on the existing structure in the GHA, extending thesurvey and design parts of the environmental and social works to the DUR and DFR.The agencies involved in the process are as follows:

Agency and Unit Role

GHA/DUR/DFR: Survey & Design Alignment and identification of propertiesDivisions involved.

GHA: Valuation Section Valuation of properties

GHA: Environmental Unit Public forum. Consultation with affectedpersons. Monitoring

Land Valuation Board: Assessment of GHA Valuation.Adjustments where necessary.

Ministry of Finance: Authorisation of payment

Resident Engineer: Assist contractor to demolish the identified

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properties after payment of compensation

Resident Engineer: Project implementation

In the short and medium term the Environmental nit will co-ordinate the activities ofmonitoring teams made up of Finance, Legal and Valuation Section. The team willmonitor the compensation/resettlement plans to be put into place. The Unit will beinvolved from the planning stages during the identification of the people and propertiesinvolved. A database will be put in place to monitor the timing of compensationandresettlement issues. A Desk will be established at the Unit to receive and resolvecomplaints. GHA will make arrangements for monitoring and for an independentevaluation of the impacts of the compensation/resettlement activities.

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ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION ACTIONS FOR

FIRST YEAR ACTIVITIES OF RSDP

The Government of Ghana is to be assisted by external donors to implement a RoadSector Development Programme. This is to help the Government achieve its primeobjective to clear the backlog on road deterioration and work towards a road conditionmix of 70% good, 20% fair and not more than 10% poor by 2005. The Programme is tobe implemented by three implementing agencies of the Ministry of Roads and Transportnamely the Ghana Highway Authority, the Department of Urban Roads, and theDepartment of Feeder Roads. In the first year of the programme the three agencies willconcentrate on rehabilitation projects.

The first years activities are limited to rehabilitation of roads under the followingheadlines:

(i) HighwaysJasikan-Brewaniase (52km)

Brewaniase-Oti DamankoAccra-Tema Motorway Phase II & IIISogakope-Ho (80km)

Berekum-Sampa (87km)Ho-Fume (40km)

(ii) Urban Roads(iii) Feeder Roads

An Environmental Assessment has been carried out which cover the project activitiesduring this first year (see GHA Environmental Impact Assessment of selected roadsprepared by the Environmnental unit, 1997 & updated 1999). Social assessments havealso been carried out and the social impact have been identified in the same report. Insome instances negative social impacts were identified and refer to the followinginstances:(i) Two structures owned by two families to be demolished - Jasikan Brewaniase;(ii) 14 farms - less than one acre of each farm to be destroyed by the roadrehabilitation;Table I provides the breakdown for the first year activities.

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF PROPOSED HIGHWAY PROJECTS

Jasikan Brewaniase (52km)

The project involves the rehabilitation of this 52km laterite road which is in the semideciduous vegetation zone. The land use along the road consists of human settlements,farms and uncultivated land. Kadjebi is the only urban settlement (population more than5000) along the road corridor. The remaining settlements, namely Guaman, Moyadi,Nsuta Buem, Menuso, Dzindzi, Puase Dodo, are all rural with population less than 1000.

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Although the settlements are nucleated. only two structures will have to be demolishedon the outskirts of Brewaniase and the centre of Kadjebi.Environmental AssessmentThe main negative environmental impact of the project could be as follows:

Noise/Dust pollution: Senditive at Kajebi (Km 15) - school and hospital could sufferfrom both noise and .dust pollution during the construction phase.

Erosion: Erosion problems within the settlements could be exacerbated during the earthworks.

Vegetation. Destruction of vegetation could occur at the borrow pit and constructioncamp sites. Along the road little vegetation will be destroyed since the 7.2m required forthe carriageway and 2 m for the shoulders already exist. This is the result of regularmaintenance of this laterite road. However at Km 18.5, Km 21.2 and Km 29.5 there willbe the need to widen the road to obtain the required road width.

MitigationThe following measures have been proposed to mitigate the negative impacts.

Noise/Dust pollution: The contractor is to limit heavy construction activities involvingnoisy equipment to outside school hours. Equipment and vehicles are to be servicedregularly in accordance with manufacturer's specification. To control dust, water is to beapplied to the road surface twice in the build-up areas. This will be part of thecontractual obligations of the selected contractor.Borrow pits/Construction campsitesThe borrow pits should be reinstated as soon as possible. The site should be contoured toblend with area. This is to form part of the works contract.Decommissioning of the campsite

After road projects, District Assemblies negotiate with the contractors to turn the camp-site into a school, clinic or offices. This has already been done. The site should belandscaped before handing over.

Social AssessmentThe social assessment was carried out by the Environmental Unit in conjunction with theValuation Section of the Ghana Highway Authority in July 1999. The Assessment tookthe form of consultation with the District Assembly the Chiefs of Brewaniase Jasikan,Guam Nsuta Buem and Dodo. The owners of the two properties to be demolished andthe three farms part of which were going to be taken by the road.

The first meeting was to inform the people about the project and properties likely to beaffected. The second consultation was with the affected people. Their properties werevalued. This included measurement of farm land to be taken by the road. During thethird meeting, the valuation figures were outlined in the presence of the Chiefs and theaffected persons. For the corn mill an amount of five hundred and seventy million cediswas to be paid. The farmers were to receive one million five hundred thousand cediseach. After extensive discussions on the compensation, the affected persons accepted thefigures. Apart from the affected persons the Chiefs who are the customary custodians ofthe land were given ceremonial drinks. The customary rites were then performed to sealthe deal. A monitoring exercise carried out by the Environmental Unit in March 2000revealed that the farmers did not plant any crops on the affected land this year.

Two buildings, a corn mill at Kadjebi (Km 15) and the wall of a house near Brewaniase(Km49.5) will be demolished. During the consultation exercise the owner of the

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cormmill indicated that he owned the land on which the mill is sited. This land is morethan 1.5 acres. The mill is housed in a structure 22ft by 14ft. The owner will be pleasedto receive compensation because he could put up a better structure and addaccommodation to it.

In all, three farms are expected to be affected by the road at Kml 8.5, Krn2l.2 andKm29.5. Crops cultivated are mainly yam and cassava. In all 15 people work in thesefarms and the amount of land to be taken from each of the farms is less than 1 acre. Theamount of land to be taken is an insignificant proportion of the farm. Secondly, theowners have large tracts of land which due to financial constraints have not beendeveloped. Compensation paid could be used to expand these farms in other directions.

The two borrow pits are located on land which is no more under cultivation. However,the District Assembly has negotiated successfully with the Chief to release the land to thecontractor when required subject to customary rites being performed.

Brewaniase - Oti Damanko

This 49Km laterite road lies in the Interior Wooded Savanna zone which constitutes thelargest single vegetation zone in Ghana. Only trees such as baobab, dawadawa, acaciasand shea trees have adapted to this environment. The soil along the road corridor is theochrosols type consisting of sandstones, shales and mudstones. Land use along the roadconsists of farms, uncultivated land and human settlements. Apart from Nkwanta, therest of the settlements namely Salifukrom, Dufumkpa, Nkwanta, Agoo, Kpasa, Adiboand Sibi are villages with populations less than 1000. Most of these settlements are notof the nucleated a common feature of settlements in the Northern part of Ghana.Buildings are always scattered, sited mostly in individual's farms. The only nucleatedsettlement, Nkwanta has building set away from the road. In rehabilitating the roadtherefore, there will be more than enough space to obtain the standard width of 7.2m.

Environmental AssessmentsThe major negative impact of this road will be dust pollution. The area experiencesprolonged periods without rain. During the implementation phase dust pollution couldaffect the individual homes as well as crops. Due to the effect of dust on crop yieldfarmers do not plant close to dusty roads. Traffic disruption will be another negativeimpact. Construction vehicles could interface with other vehicles such as motor cyclesand cycles.Social AssessmentThe social assessment for this road project was carried out by the Environmental Unitand valuation section of the Ghana Highway Authority in the month of August 1999. Inall these meetings and a number of consultations with the District Assembly Chiefs andelders of Salifukrom, Dufumkpa, Nkwata and Sibi villages were held to discuss theproject. The two farmers whose farms were affected were at the meeting at the palace ofthe Chief of Salifukrom. Those consulted expressed the hope that the project would beimplemented speedily to enable them to transport their farm produce to the market atJasikan. Environmental concerns expressed by the people consulted included dustpollution. They also wanted the road to be made motorable during implementation sinceit could be turned into mud during heavy rains. The two farmers were promisedcompensation although there were no crops on parts to be taken by the road.A second visit by the valuation obtained the amount of land which was to be taken. Inboth cases less than one acre 0.75 for the first farm and 0.82 for the second. A third

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meeting was held to inform the farmers that they both would receive one million fivehundred thousand Cedis each. The figure was accepted by the farmers. The Chiefs ofSalifukron and Dufumkpa were given the customary drinks which they accepted andperformed the customary rites. The affected portions of the farms remained as they were(uncultivated) in March this year when the Environmental Unit of the Ghana HighwayAuthority monitored road projects in the Area.

Although the project will follow the existing alignment, there will be the need to widenthe road at Km21 and Km32. Approximately one acre each of two farms with a totalnumber of 13 farmhands and owned by two families will be destroyed. Both farms aremanaged by family members, husband, wife and children (no hired labour). Due tofinancial constraints, less than 50% of land available to these people is under cultivation.According to the family heads, compensation expected under Section 4 (i) of the StateLand Act (1962) Act 125, could be used to expand the farms away from the project road.

The nature of settlement pattern in the area is such that there will be no need to demolishany property during the implementation phase. It could be concluded from the above thatthe negative environmental and social impacts of this road project will be minimal andcould be easily mitigated.

Accra - Tema - Motorway Phase II & III

This 14Km road passes through built up areas in Accra. The project is to construct theopposite lane of the existing road, turn it into a dual carriageway to complete the motorway. It has a well preserved road reservation, about 150 ft each side.

Environmental AssessmentThe major environmental impacts will be as follows:

Dust pollution: The built up area could experience dust pollution during theimplementation phaseNoise pollution: Noise from construction equipment and vehicles could affectdevelopments along the road. Already, the background noise L90 level around Lapazarea a popular lorry park is very high. It is unlikely that the specific noise LAeq fromconstruction equipment and vehicles will adversely affect the background noise level.

Traffic disruption. Construction vehicles and activities could affect the free flow oftraffic especially during the morning and evening rush hour.

Mitigation MeasuresDust Pollution: It has been proposed that the contractor will apply water to the roadsurface and other piled materials such as sand twice daily.

Noise Pollution: The contractor will have to service his equipment as advised in themanufacturer's manual. Work hours should be limited to daytime.

Traffic: Temporary traffic control measures to be installed. Advance warning signs tobe erected 500 ft from work location.

Social AssessmentNo negative social impact in terms of resettlement or compensation is expected from thisproject. No properties - kiosks, building, or farms are going to be affected by theproject. It was therefore not necessary to carry out any extensive social assessment.Diversions and closures will be announced on local radio stations during theimplementation phase.

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It could be seen from the above that the environmental impact of the project is minimaland capable of being mitigated.

Sogakope - Ho (80km)

The project road lies in the wooded Savannah vegetation zone. This type of vegetation,which is quite open, is dominated by short grasses dotted with similar trees. The roadpasses through 14 rural settlements. There are no know forest reserves, games park orprotected areas along the road.Environment AssessmentAn environmental impact assessment was carried out in 1998 before this road projectwas started and abandoned in 1999 due to financial constraints. The first 30km fromSogakope has been completed. Mitigation measures identified for implementation wereincorporated in the contract documents in the form of clauses based on the Generalconditions of contract prepared by the International Federation of Consulting Engineers(FIDIC 1987 - 4 th ed).This road is monitored monthly by the Environmental Unit of the Ghana HighwayAuthority. No changes have occurred within the environmental setting to warrant a newassessment for the RSDP.Social AssessmentThe Social Assessment was carried out by the Environmnental and Valuation sections ofthe Ghana Highway Authority. Apart from consultations with the District Assembly,Traditional rulers to ascertain ownership of the affected farms, two meetings were held.The first was to discuss the project and listen to the concerns of the people especially theeight farmers. The second was to discuss the compensation figures. The 8 farmersaccepted the figures.Two buildings owned by two people and occupied by a total of 13 people were to bedemolished. The properties were valued by the valuation section in 1997 and the ownersaccepted the figure. A total of 8 farms with a total labour force of 63 were affected.Apart from one farm at Km 17.5 which about 2 acres of uncultivated land was to bedestroyed the sections to be taken from the other farms were less than one acre in allcases. The amount represents a small fraction less than 2% of the farm lands. Withregard to compensation for borrow pits, the contractor had implemented a number ofprojects in the area, was to obtain material from already established borrow pits wherecompensation had already been paid.

Berekum - Sampa

This 87 km road lies in the Dry-semi deciduous forest zone. It passes through 21 ruralsettlements in the north-western direction very close to the border with Ivory Coast. Thesettlements along the road are all nucleated and bisected by the road. The structure ofthese settlements are common. Usually a small commercial centre consisting of a marketand a few shops are located in the middle of the town close to the road. Enforcement ofplanning regulations by the District Assemblies has left the road reservation in thesettlements clear. Apart from the fetish shrine in the middle of the road at Seketia town(km63) the project road is clear and the 7.2m standard width could be obtained withoutdemolishing any property.Environmental Assessment

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An Environmental Impact Assessment was carried out in February 1999 before the roadproject started. Already the first 20 km has been completed. The direct impactsidentified were: destruction of vegetation, air and dust pollution in the settlements, noisepollution, destruction of the shrine, erosion within settlements and slopes.

For the purposes of the RSDP, the project road was monitored by the environmental unitof the Ghana Highway Authority. and the assessment remains unchanged. Mitigationmeasures propose, i.e., applying water twice daily to the exposed road surface, limitingclearance to space required for the road, servicing of equipment to reduce noise anderosion controls measures still apply.

Social AssessmentThe second assessment was carried out by the Environmental Unit and Valuation sectionof the Ghana Highway Authority in three stages in August 1998. The first meeting at theGhana Highway Authority offices in Berekum discussed the project. The secondmeeting was to value the properties while the third was to inform the affected peopleabout the amount of compensation to be paid. At the third meeting the affected farmersaccepted the compensation figure.This road work was started and abandoned in 1999. The first 20 km has been completed.Owners of the 20 farms with 155 workers have already received their compensationwhich was paid in March 1999. This was after series of meetings and consultation withthe affected people, the Chiefs, District Assembly and interested individuals. Thefarmers accepted the compensation figures. As stated earlier, no building wasdemolished because of well preserved road reservation.

Ho -Fume

This 40 km highway lies in the interior Wooded Savannah zone and passes through 9settlements. The first 1.5 km of this road goes through an avenue of mango trees (86trees). This section is very narrow about 5m wide. The road project was started in 1998and abandoned in the last quarter of 1999 due to financial constraints. Approximately 9km of this road has been completed. The remaining 31 km is to be completed under theRoad Sector Development Programme.Environmental AssessmentAn environmental impact assessment was carried out by the Environmental Unit of theGhana Highway Authority. The identified direct negative impact were:

Dust pollution: Dust pollution is likely to affect the people in the nine settlements whichthe road goes through.Loss of Trees: All 86 mango trees along the first 1.5km will have to be cut so as toachieve the 7.2m standard road width.

NVoise pollution: Sensitive developments at KmO.01, Ola Secondary school, Km5(hospital), Km 23.9 school could be affected by noise from construction vehicles andequipment.Destruction of Farms: Due to the rolling nature of the topography there are no farmsalong the project road.MitigationThe negative impacts outlined are all capable of being controlled. The EnvironmentalProtection Agency's permit of 1997 for the project requested four new trees to be plantedfor each mango tree cut. A new species (Mahogany) was proposed because of the danger

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posed by the mango trees. Children throw stones in their attempt to collect mangoes.This together with ripe mangos dropping on the road pose danger to motorists, andexplain why a different specie was selected. To control dust, the contractor was required(contract clause) to apply water to the road surface. Another contract clause requires thecontractor to service his vehicles and equipment as recommended by the manufacturers.

Social AssessmentThere were no buildings to be demolished, neither were farms to be destroyed. Materialswere to be obtained from an already established borrow pit and quarry which had anEnvironmental Protection Agency permit. There was no need to carry out any socialassessment. The road was monitored in March 2000, and the social and environmentalsettings were found to be the same as when the environmental assessment was carriedout.

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF URBAN ROAD PROJECTS

During the first year of the RSDP, urban roads to be rehabilitated are as outlined inTables 2-9. The urban roads to be rehabilitated during the first year of the RSDP arelocated in build up areas - mainly residential. The roads exist already with open drainsalong each side. The projects involve basically surface improvements. There will be nodemolition and no trees will be lost. During the Accra clean up exercise, temporarystructures were removed. A similar exercise has been carried out along the roads in otherurban areas such as Kumasi, Capse coast, Sekondi Takoradi And Tamale. Owners ofKiosks relocated these inside nearby properties. Parts of the fence walls had to bedemolished to allow these kiosks to be located inside the houses facing the street. Incases where drains will be repaired, trees will not be cut.Environmental AssessmentThe main negative impacts of the urban road projects will be noise and dust. However,people living in these areas will be at work during implementation. There are no noisesensitive developments along any of these roads. The effect of noise pollution onresidents along these roads will be minimal. Dust pollution during the implementationstage can be controlled by requesting the contractor (contract clause) to apply water tothe exposed road surface twice daily - early morning and late afternoon.

Social AssessmentSince the urban road project does not involve demolition and tree cutting a limitedconsultation was undertaken. This involved consultation with the Town and CountryPlanning Department to make sure the layouts of the areas were not going to change.Utility services like water company and Ghana Telecom were also consulted about anyfuture new lines to avoid cutting the road up after rehabilitation. All indicated their lineshave already been laid and there will not be any new lines in the near future. A monthbefore the contractor starts work, the neighbours will be informed to remove parkedbroken down vehicles along the streets. The negative impacts both environmental andsocial will be minimal.

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF FEEDER ROAD PROJECTS

The first year feeder roads projects under the RSDP will basically involve spotimprovements. Patches or small areas along selected feeder roads will be rehabilitated.The contractors usually find materials (in very small quantities) for this type work fromthe road side or an already established borrow pit. The project will concentrate mainly

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on road surfaces and as such no trees will be cut along these roads. The same applies tovegetation destruction or farmns. Again, it will not involve the demolition of properties.No consultation was therefore carried out for these minor road improvement projects.The Environmental Protection Agency also does not insist on environmental assessmentsince the impacts are negligible.

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION PLAN FOR THE RSDP

The RSDP includes components to enhance environmental and social sustainability. Thefollowing recommendations are aimed towards achieving the objective.

Management and Monitoring the Environmental Impacts of the RSDP

Unlike the Ghana Highway Authority, the Department of Urban Roads and Departmentof Feeder Roads have no separate Environmental Units. The DFR however has recentlyestablished an environmental desk but relies mostly on an Environmental Consultant foradvice.In view of the limited amount of work at both the DFR and DUR, it is recommended thatthe already established Environmental Unit should be formally tasked with oversight forboth the Department of Feeder Roads and Urban Roads. The main function of theEnvironmental Unit under the proposal could be summarised as follows:

D Ensure that at the design stages of DUR, DFR and GHA projects,environmental and social mitigation measures are incorporated in the variousroad designs.

* That strategies for social mitigation have been put in place i.e. buildings andpeople affected have access to land and the new location will not adverselyaffect their income.

* Monitor the compensation plans to ensure prompt payment and access toland.

Management and Monitoring the Social Impacts of the RSDP

Capacity to monitor the social aspects of road projects is low within the implementingagencies namely the Ghana Highway Authority, Department of Feeder Roads andDepartment of Urban Roads. In this regard it is recommended that a social scientist fromany of the Social Science Faculties of the universities in Ghana be engaged for a total of12 months spread over 3 years to handle the social impacts. The Social Scientist will beattached to the Environmental Unit and will work closely with the EnvironmentalConsultant.

Redefining the Environmental Unit Within GHA

The Environmental Unit is to remain in the Development Section of Ghana HighwayAuthority, but with oversight responsibilities for DFR and DUR. This means that headof the Unit will report directly to the Deputy Chief Executive, Development and liaisewith the heads of Department of Urban Roads and Department of Feeder Roads. SeeFigure 1.

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Functions

The main functions of the Unit will be as follows:

* Brief consultations prior to their award of consultancy contracts to highlightthe need to incorporate mitigation measures;

* Supervision of the Environmental Impact Social Assessment Studies will beperformed by the Unit, to ensure that mitigation measures are incorporated inroad and bridge designs rather than being added on mitigation;

* Monitoring of road and bridge projects to ensure that the recommendationsmade for mitigating the on-site impacts suggested in the Environmental andSocial Impact Assessment report are incorporated.

* Undertaking yearly environmental awareness campaigns. This is to coincidewith World Environment Day, which falls in June every year.

Staffing

The nit will initially be headed by the Consultant but later by an Environmental Manager.Within the new organisational structure of the Environmental Unit, the head will beassisted by two deputies at the Ghana Highway Authority and one each at theDepartment of Feeder Roads and Department of Urban Roads. See Figure 2.Planning and Traffic. The Consultant will supervise and co-ordinate the work at GHAEnvironmental Unit, and the Environment desks at DUR and DFR. The Consultant willserve as the link between the Agencies and the Environmental Protection Agency. Othermajor duties of the manager will be:

* Issue Environmental Clearance for road designs prepared by GHA, DUR andDFR.

* Co-ordinate and Supervise work of the Agencies* Liaise with the Environmental Protection Agency - changes in Environmental

Legislation;* Prepare and sign Environmental Clearance Reports for road and bridge

designs for the GHA, DFR and DUR projects;* Attend meetings on the Road Section Development Programme.* Brief consultants prior to their award of consultancy contracts;* Conduct public hearings to provide a forum for localities to discuss their

concerns about environmental and social aspects of proposed road projects.* Ensure that Social Assessment has been carried out for DFR, DUR and GHA

projects.

Deputy Managers

Four Deputy Managers will assist the Manager, Environment. The first of the DeputyManagers will be in charge of monitoring GHA projects. He will monitor the extent andeffectiveness of mitigation measures suggested for the various impacts. The secondDeputy Manager also based at GHA will be in charge of Environmental ImpactAssessment Studies. The third and fourth Deputy Managers will be based in DFR andDUR, respectively, and will deal with the environmental matters for the two Agencies.

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Deputy Manager - Monitoring

Reporting directly to the Environmental Manager, the Deputy Manager in charge ofmonitoring, will liaise with the Regional Maintenance Engineer. Through the use ofstandard monitoring forms he/she will receive monthly infornation from the RegionalMaintenance Engineer. The Deputy Manager may visit sections of the roads to cross-check the infornation received. He will then analyse the information to find out if therecommendations made for mitigating the site impacts suggested in the EIA reports areclosely adhered to.

Advise the DFR and DUR on the imposition or exacting financial penalties fromContractors or other sanctions, e.g., halting work of contractor for non-compliance withenvironmental laws or implementing correctly the mitigation measures.

GHA Deputy Manager - Assessment

The Deputy Manager (GHA) for Assessment will assist the Environment Manager tobrief consultants. The task of registering the project with the Environmental ProtectionAgency will be performed by him when there is the need to conduct in-houseEnvironmental Impact Assessment of road projects, the Deputy Manager in-charge ofAssessment will be the lead officer.

Deputy Managers - DFR/DUR

The Deputy Manager (DFR) will report directly to the Environmental Manager/Consultant at the GHA. He will compile a list of projects, assist the manager tocommission and conduct Environment Studies, review designs and monitor roadprojects.

The Unit At Regional Level

In the Regions and District, the Regional Maintenance Engineers will, among theirnormal duties, serve as the Environmental Monitoring Officers. They will be suppliedwith monitoring forms on monthly basis from the head office (GHA, DUR and DFR).The forms should be distributed to the District Heads. The Regional MaintenanceEngineer will collect the forms from the District Heads on monthly basis and submitthem to the Environment Manager.

- 27 -

RSDP ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION PLAN

ACTIVITY ACTION NEEDED SHORT-TERM LONG-TERMMONITORING RESPONSIBLE

RESPONSIBILITY AUTHORITY TOOVERSEE/SUPERVISE

I. Extend Environmental World BankENVIRONMENTAL Consultant's Contract for GHA MRT

CAPACITY 24 months to oversee DFR DFRSTRENGTHENING & DUR DUR

Establish environment Desk DFR MRTat DFR & DUR DUR

Designate existing staff for DFR World Bank with MRTenvironmental assignment DUR

II. Streamline Procurement GHA EU with World MRT World BankPOLICY Process Bank

ENHANCEMENT

Coordinate All road GHA EU, DFR, DUR GHA EUEnvironmental Manage-ment Activities (EMA)through the GHA EU

Commitment to Long-term World Bank with GOG GOG (from Road Funds andSupport for EMA begun Road tolls) with newunder the HSIP/RSDP as a possible assistance fromPolicy Mandate international donor(s)

Support for Operations of World Bank GOGGHA EU

Support for Mandatory tree DFR MRTreplanting along roads and World Bankas economic opportunity indesignated wood-lotsmanaged with local,especially women's groups

Support for Training and GHA EU with EPA GHA EU.Affirmative Action toIncrease Private SectorInvolvement in the roadEMA ContractOpportunities.

III. Continued Supervisory role GHA EU MRTENSURING to interface with GOG EPA

PHYSICAL WORKS and coordinate allARE ADEQUATELY monitoring activities.

MANAGED

Availability of ongoing GHA EU MRTregular monitoring as set DFRforth in GHA EU DUROperational Manual

- 28 -

ACTIVITY ACTION NEEDED SHORT-TERM LONG-TERMMONITORING RESPONSIBLE


IV. Training for Social aspectsTECHNICAL of Environmental Manage- GHA EU, DFR and GHA, DFR, DUR and EPAASSISTANCE ment for all MRT staff DUR with EPA

Workshop for in-country MRTengineering/environmental DFRfirms and experts on how to Consultant DURcontract and conduct roadsector EMA GHA

Conducts Survey, includingresults from the number ofparticipants that attend theWorkshop, to assess in-country private-sectorcapacity to conduct EMA With GHA EU GHA EUand develop long-termTraining Plan

Well established ValuationSection in GHA whichsupervises/implements roadresettlement plans and com-pensation for DFR-DUR GHA EU with EPA GHA EU with EPA

Mandatory tree replantingand start-up new source ofincome from road relatedactivities is begun,emphasizing managementof these activities by GHA EU with EPA GHA EU with EPAcontractual arrangementsespecially with women'sand local in-country groups

V. GHA EU assumesCOORDINATION OF coordinating role for hiring GHA, DFR, DUR MRT

ALL PROJECT and training World BankCYCLE ASPECTS

GHA EU coordinates withDUR and DFR. Focal GHA,DFR, DUR MRTcounterparts in Accra andregional offices onmonitoring

GHA EU coordinates with DFR MRTother Agencies DUR

GHA EU assumes DFRcoordinating role for hiring GHA MRTof contractors DUR

- 29 -

ACTIVITY ACTION NEEDED r SHORT-TERM LONG-TERMMONITORING RESPONSIBLE


VI. Streamlining GHA EU with EPA MRTPERMITTING Environmental Studies to

get road permits throughGHA EU

FINANCIAL

Cost Estimates

1. Remuneration US$

Environmental Consultants salary for 24 months (atUS$3,300 per month excluding reimbursables, filedallowance) 79,200

2. RemunerationShort term social scientist salary for 12 months atUS$3000 per month 36,000

3. Public Consultation on Social Impacts 8,000

4. Monitoring social impacts 2,000

5. Transport1 4 x 4 vehicle (Environmental) 27,500

1 4 x 4 vehicle (Valuation) 27,500

1 4 x 4 vehicle: social impacts monitoring 27,500

6. 2 Computers 7,200

2 Photocopiers 3,000

7. Reimbursablesi. Vehicle running costs 15,000

ii. Stationery, camera and measuring tapes 10,000

8. Out of station allowance/accommodation 20,000

9. Mobile Public Awareness Seminar Training 8,000

US$268.900

- 30 -

FIGIIRE 1. THE ENVIRONMENTAL UNIT WITHIN GHA

rDY. CHIEF EXECUTIVE||DEVELOPMENT l

DIRECTOR DIRECTOR DIRECTOR DIRECTOR DIRECTORROAD SAFETY PLANNING SURVEY & CONTRACTS MATERIALS BRIDGESAND EVIRONMENT DESIGN

ROAD ENVIRONMENTALSAFETY UNIT

MANAGERENVIRONMENTAL

ASSESSMENT

DFR DURDY. MANAGER _.DY. MANAGER ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTALMONITORING ASSESSMENT DESK DESK

MONIORIN FIELD ||MONITORING AT MONITORINGASSISTANT ASSISTANT DISTRICT LEVEL MONITORING

-31 -

FIGURE 2. THE ENVIRONMENTAL UNIT OF GHA, UNIT ORGANISATIONAL CHART

MANAGER . ~ENVIRONMENT

s , ~DY. MANAGER DY. MANAGERHEAD ENVIRONMENTAL _ SECRETARY ENVIRONMENTAL

OFFICE MONITORING ASSESSMENT

ASSISTANT MAINTENANCEs , ~~~~~ENGINEER .

REGIONALREGIONAL

DISTRICT DISTRICT HEAD

- 32 -

FIGURE 3. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CLEARANCE

LIST OF MITIGATIONMEASURES FROMENVIRONMENTAL

IMPACTASSESSMENT

LIAISE WITH DIRECTOR SURVEYAND DESIGN

VALUATION SECTION

DRAFT DESIGN

REVIEW TIIEMITIGATION DESIGN

INCORPORATED INSOCIAL AND

ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS

YES N

SOCIAL AND

ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE

- 33 -

TABLE 1: GHANA HIGcHWAY AUTHORITY, RSDP PRIORITY ROADS 2001-2005

WORK LENGTH COMPENSATION AMOUNT TYPE OF STATUS NO. OFPROJECT PERIOD (KM) YES/NO US$1,000 PROPERTY OF PEOPLE REMARKS

PROPERTY AFFECTED

Jasikan-Brewaniase 2001-2002 52 Yes 16.5 Farm/2 Permanent 15 Less than onebuildings acre of farmian,

Brewaniase-Oti 2002-2004 49 " 3 Farms if 13DamangoOti Damango-Yendi 2003-2004 50 " 3.4 Farms it 20

Bole-Bamboi 2001-2004 35 " 4.0 Farms " 18

Berekum-Sampa 2001 -2003 30 25.0 Farms " 155

Techiman-Kintampo 2002-2004 60 " 3.0 Farms " 14

Sogakope-Ho 2001-2003 50 23.0 2 " 63 "and 2 househouses/farm

Ho-Fume 2001-2004 15.6 No - - Road reservatiwell preserved

Accra-Tema Motorway 2001-2003 14Ph.ll & IllHaIn-Wa 2001-2004 78 Yes 3.2 Farms Permanent 15 Farms lands

TOTAL 433.6

* Note*: Among the people affected none will require resettlement.

- 34 -

TABLE 2 PROJECTED RESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION, DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ROADS (2001 - 2005): ACCRA

NO. PROJECT WORK LENGTH COMPENS AMOUNT TYPE OF STATUS OF NO. OF REMARKSPERIOD (KM) ATION US$1,000 PROPERTY PROPERTY PEOPLE

_ __ __________________ _______ _______ _________ ________ __________ 1A FFE C T E D

_ ARTERIAL DEVELOPMENT _ 42.3

Nsawam Road 2001-2003 7 Yes Res/Comm.(5no) Permanent 30 E I. Awaited156

Balance of UTP Roads 2001 -2002 8 ___ _ ___ _

Derby Ave., Fearon No N/A N/A N/A N/A

Selwyn Mkt, Ammonakwa No N/A N/A N/A N/A Project follow existingalignment.

Kinbu Road No N/A N/A N/A N/A No property will bedemolished.

Commercial St., Okaikwei rd No N/A N/A N/A N/A ___

Pagan Club Road - No N/A N/A N/A N/A

Zongo Lane No N/A N/A N/A N/A

Barnes Road No N/A N/A N/A N/A _ =

Ring Road 2003-2005 5.6 No N/A NiA N/A N/A -

New Town Road I Hiil Street 2004-2005 5.7 No N/A N/A N/A N/A_

High Street 2001-2002 4 No N/A N/A N/A N/A

_ (from Arch - to Ring Road) _ _ . _ . _ _= _ _ ___

bDansoman Highway & 2002-2004 6 No N/A N/A N/A N/A

Guggisberg Ext. ._.______________

CBD Roads 2002-2004 6 No N/A A N/A N/A

Abossey Okai Road, Kimberly Ave. No N N/A N/A

Hasen Road, Station rd. No N/A N/A N/A N/A Constructing along existing

Asaoatse Nettey, Clement papafio No N/A N/A N/A N/A alignment.

Amerley Lanryea, Granville Ave. N N/A N/A N/A N/A

2 DEVELOPMENT OF _ _ ___ __ .

TRANSPORT TERMINALS 2001-2004 _NiN/A N/A _

- 35 -

TABLE 2. CONTINUED


AFFECTED3 POVERTY ALLEVIATION/ 22.5

ACCESS TO DEPRESSED __ ___ ____ ____

_EAS - 2001-2003 ___. __ _ __ ___ ___. __

Balance of UtP Roads in 7 Areas - _ 125 ___ ____ ___

_ Alajo, Abeka,Kotobabi, Kpehe _ Yes 53 Res/Comm(8no) Permanent 40 Partial demolitionBubuashie, Nima East 10 -- Yes - Res/Comnm (6no.) Permanent/Temp 18 - No demolition

4 INTERCHANGE DEVELOPMENT 2001-2003_Kwame Nkrumah Interchange No N/A N/A - - N/A N/A

5 REHABILITATION OFLOCAL ROADS 2001-2005 30 No NtA N/A N/A N/A _South La Estate, Dansoman No N/A N/A N/A N/A No properties involvedTeshie - Nungua EstateN N-/A N/A A N _

Korle Gonno, Nii Boi Town No N/A N/A N/A N/A -

NMT Facilities 12No N/A N/N/A N/ANOkaishie Pedestrianization 1.5 No N/A N/A N/A N/A _ __ _ -

Project _ = ___=__ __ - _ _ _ _ _ _=___

6 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT 2001-2005 -No N/A/A A N/A N/A_Blackspot Improvement No N/A N/A N/A N/A As above,Intersection Improvement No N/A N/A N/A - N/A -

Road Safety _ No N/A N/A N=/A N/A

Total 2001-2005_108

-36 -

TABLE 3 PROJECT RESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION, DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ROADS (2001 - 2005) KUMASI

1 I NO. OFNO. PROJECT WORK LENGTH COMPENSA AMOUNT TYPE OF STATUS OF PEOPLE REMARKS

PERIOD (KM) TION US$1,000 PROPERTY PROPERTY AFFECTED

I ARTERIAL DEVELOPMENT 2001-2003 25.8Oforikrom - Asokwa bye pass _ Yes Commercial Temporal (iONo.) Timber merchants within

6.0 44 20 roadWidening of Southern bye pass No N/A NIA N/A Ni/A space being relocated at a

8.2 newV Widening of Western bye pass -- _ _ 5 4No N/A N/A N/A N/A site north of Kumasi.

5.4-Wide~ning -of Lak-er-oad -- - -- - -No - N/-A - N-/A -N-/A --- N/A--

5.0Industrial Area road No [_ N/A N/A N/A N/A _ __ --

1.2

2 REHABILITATION OF_________ ____ _ ___0_LOCAL ROADS 2001-2005 46 No N/A N/A N/A N/A _Angola Atonso No N/A N/A N/A N/A No properties ivoved

bkDichemso, Kaase Town - No N/A N/A N/A N/AAhinsan, Chirapatre No N/A N/A N/A N/ANhiemso Bomso No N/A N/A N/A N/A

3 REHABILITATION OFTRANSPORT TERMINALS _ ____

AND CAR PARKS 2002-2003 _ _ __ ______

3 No. Asaifo, B3antama, Tafo-Krofofrom No N/A N/A N/A N/A As above

-37-

TABLE 3. CONTINlUED


AFFECTED4 POVERTY ALLEVIATION I

ACCESS TO DEPRESSED _ ___

AREA 2001-2005 -- 45 _ ____ ____ _ ___I__ AAkurem Sawaba __ No N/A N/A N/A N/A ___

_New suame Atonso _ _ No N/A- N/A - N/A -N/A -_ _ _Tafo Ayigya _ No N/A N/A N/A N/A As aboveAketego, Ayigya Zongo _ . No N/A N/A N/A N/A

_Doti, Asokore Mampong o_ __ _ _ N/A N/A N/A N/AMoshie Zongo No N/A N/A - NA N/A _- _ _-

-INTERCHANGE DEVELOPMENT 2001-2002 _ ____ ____-_-_ Aafo- UTC Bridge-- No N/N/ A /A N/A N/A As above

5 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT 2001-2005 _ _ __

_Blackspot Improvement No N/A N/A N/A N/AI ntersection Improvement No N/A - N/A N/A N/A As above=Road Safety . . No N/A N/A N/A N/A ____

TOTAL 2001-2005 - 116.8 ____ _ j

- 38 -

TABLE 4 PROJECTED RESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION, DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ROADS (2001 - 2005) TEMA


_ __ __ I _ _ _ _ _ _ I _ _ _ _ _ I _ _ _ AFFECTED

I ARTERIAL DEVELOPMENT 2001-2005 59.7

Accra East Corridor Project 33.8 .__

Teshie bye - pass Yes 33 Residential Permanent(3no) 12 Partial demoiition. Buildings

Spintex road ._ Yes 53 Residential Permanent(5no) 7 still underconstruction mnsome

Teshie Link_ Yes 44 Residential Permanent(4no.) 16 instance

Tsui Bleoo Road Yes 53 Residential Permanent (7no) 21

AFD Urban Roads Project 7.9

Ashiaman (inc underpass) No N/A N/A N/A N/A _Manhean road No N/A N/A N/A N/A No properties involved.

Valco road No N/A N/A N/A N/A A Project follow existingalignment.

Other Roads 118

Hospital road No N/A N/A N/A N/A __ _

-Kraku & Mkt St. .No N/A N/A N/A N/A

Aggrey / Africa Unity No N/A N/A N/A N/A3th, 4th, 5th, & 6th Avenues No N/A N/A N/A N/A As aboveAdjetey Asharley No N/A N/A N/A N/A

John Sarba road- -_

2 REHABILITATION OFLOCAL ROADS 2001-2004 10 i ___

- Community 2, 4, and 7 road No N/A N/A N/A N/A As above

3 REHABILITATION OF

TRANSPORT TERMINALSAND CAR PARKS - 2002-20042No No N/A N/A N/A N/A As above

- 39 -


AFFECTED4 ACCESS TO NEWLY DEV./

ACCESS TO DEPRESSED AREA 2001-2004 1 _ _ ___

Baatsonaa ___o N/A N/A N/A N/AAdjiringanor _____ N N/A N/A N/A N/A As aboveKpone - On - Sea No N/A N/A N/A N/A __Okpoi Gonna No N/A N/A N/A N/A

5 NON-MOTORIZED

TRANSPORT FACILITIES 2002-2005 14 No N/A N/A NN/A_ -As above

6 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT 2001-2005Blackspot Improvement No N/A N/A N/A N/AInterseci on Improvemnt _ No N/A N/A N/A N/A As above_ _ Road Safety _ _ _ No N/A N/A N/A N/A_

TOTAL 2001-2005 95.7 ____

- 40 -

TABLE 5. PROJECTED RESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION, DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ROADS (2001-2005), GA DISTRICT


1 ARTERIAL DEVELOPMENT - 2001-2005 13 _ _ .. _ __ _ _ _

I _GOf ankor-Kwashieman Yes 44 Res/Commercial Perrnanent(7no.) 28 Partialdemolition

F Awoshie-Pokuase _ . _ = Yes 1 89 Res/Commercial Permanent(17no) - 85 Partialdemnolition

2 REHABILITATION OF LOCAL ROADS 8

_ Tantra Hills No N/A N/A N/A N/A _ _

Taifa No N/A N/A N/A N/A No properties involved.

Madina roads No N/A N/A - N/A N/A Project follow existingalignment

3 REHABILITATION OF

TRANSPORT TERMINALS

AND CAR PARKS 2002-2004__ _

1 -NO. No N/A N/A N/A N/A As above i

- 4 ACCESS TO NEWLY DEV./ .

- ACCESS TO DEPRESSED - -22001-2005 30 No NA N/A N/A As above

AREAS_ __._-__.

5 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT 2001-2005 _______

Blackspot Improvement No N/A N/A N/A N/A

Intersection Improvement _ _ No N/A N/A N/A N/A As above

7Road Safety _ -N N/A N/A N/A N/A

TOTAL-_______________ - 2001 -2005 _ 51 _ _ _

-41-

TABLE 6. PROJECTED RESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION, DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ROADS (2001-2005), TAMALE

NO. PROJECT T WORK LENGTH COMPENS AMOUNT TYPE OF STATUS OF NO. OF REMARKSPERIDD (KM) ATION US$1,000 PROPERTY PROPERTY PEOPLEI _______I________ ________ AFFECTED

1 ARTERIAL DEVELOPMENT 2001-2005 20 _ _Tamale Town roads No N/A N/A N/A N/A No properties involved,Inner Ring Road No - - N/A N/A N/A N/A

2 REHABILITATION OF- ___ _ ___ ___ ___ ____ __- _LOCAL ROADS -_ 2001-2005 --- 18 ___ ___ ___ __.____ Kalponhi - SSNIT Estate -_.. _ No N/A N/A N/A N/A As above

Gumbihini road -_ No N/A N/A N/A N/A3 REHABILITATION OF ______

TRANSPORT TERMINAL_ .__ _ _ _____AND CAR PARKS 2002-2003 -

2No Aboabo Station No N/A N/A N/A N/A - As abovel4 NON-MOTORIZED No_N AN_A_N__N_A_A_abov

____ TRANSPORT FACILITIES _____ 2002-2005 14i= No N/A NA /A - N/A - - As above

5 ACCESS TO NEWLY_DEV. / _______ _______ACCESS TO DEPRESSED __ __-_

_ AREA ______________2001-2005 20 ____ _ _ ____ _____ _ |Ward i Extention _ . No N/A N/A N/A N/AMoshie Zongo _ No N/A N/A - N/A N/A As AboveT___TTshigu - Sangida No N/A N/A N N/A NAWard i K __ No - N/A = N/A N/A =___ N/A _

6 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT 2001-2005Biackspot_Improvement __ No- N/A - N/A -- N/A _ - N/A As aboveIntersection Improvement _ No N/A N/A N/A N/ARoadSy _ No N/A NiA N/A N/A

:TOTAL 2001-2005 72

- 42 -

TABLE 7. PROJECTED RESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION, DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ROADS (2001-2005), SEKONDi TAKORADI


AFFECTED

1 ARTERIAL DEVELOPMENT 2001-2005 20 ___ _ ___

Africa - Harbour road No N/A N/A_ N/A N/AWiawso road _ - - - _ No N/A N/A NI A N/ASekondi-- Inchaban road _ _- No N/A N/N/ A N/A No properties to beA Adiembra road No N/A N/A N/A N/A

____- o_asi oNo _ A N/A._ N_A N.AAshanti road No N/A N/A N/A N/A

2 REHABILITATION OF _______ _____LOCAL ROADS 2001-2005 __ _

___ Airport Ridge, Dupaul road _ _ No N/A - N/A /A N/A As above____ NWindy Ridge, Beach road iNo N/A N/A N/A N/A_

3 REHABILITATION OF _ _ -_ ___ __ ___ ____ __ _

TRANSPORT TERMINALSAND CAR PARKS 2001-2005 _ ._ _____ __.

UTC Accra Station _ _ _ No N/A N/A N/A _ N/A As above____ Cargo Stn, Kwasirmintim _ No NA _N/AN N/A Ni __N/A

4 POVERTY ALLEVIATION i _. _ _ . __. ._ ___ ___ ACCESS TO DEPRESSED _ _ _ __ _ _ ._ . __ __ __

AREA _______ - 2001-2005 15 _______Kojokrom No N/A N/A N/A N/ALagos Town No N/A N/A N/A N/A Detailed designs to be doneBakedo . _ No N/A _ N/A N/A _ N/A _ _Bakekyir No N/A N/A N/A N/A

5 NON-MOTORIZED ____ ____ _ _ ____TRANSPORT FACILITIES 2001-2005 14 No N/A N/A N/A N/A _ _ _ _

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT 2001-2005 . = _ _ _ . _ ____= _

Blackspot Improvement ------ No N/A N/A _ N/A N/AI__ Intersection Improvement_ __ No N/A N/A N/A NiA No properties involved_Road Safety - - No = N/A N/A N/A N/A __

TOTAL 2001-2005 49 _6

-43 -

TABLE 8. PROJECTED RESETI TLEMENT AND COMPENSATION, DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ROADS (2001-2005), KOFORIDUA


AFFECTED

REHABILITATION OFLOCAL ROADS - 2001-2005 10

Mortuary Road -- N/A - N/A N/A N/ASlaughter House -- No - N/A -NI-- N/A N/A N/A As above

Roman Road -- --- No N/A NiA N/A N/A

Link 1 Glamour Road No.2 No N/A N/A N/A N/Au|nk 2-State Fishing Corp. StC No -- N/A -_NiA N/A N/A

Link 32- Glamour Road No N/A N/A N/A N/A_Link1423 No N/A - _N/A NAN/A NA

Link 31- Kweku Kyere/Market St. No N/A N/A N/A N/A

Link 15 - Kings Street _ __No N/A-- N/A -N/A N Ni/A _uToa- __._ _- _ _ ___ __ __ __ .Sub To-tal

2 REHABILITATION OF_ TRANSPORT TERMINALSAND CAR PARKS - - 2001 _____ ____ ___ As above

1No.

3 INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT 2001= Constrution of office= As above vbuilding

4 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT 2001-2005Blackspot Improvement - -No N/A N/A N/A N/A

Intersection Improvement No N/A N/A N/A N/A As aboveRoad Safety No N/A NIA N/A N/A

TOTAL 2001-2005 10

- 44 -

TABLE 9. PROJECTED RESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION, DEPARTMENT OF URBAN ROADS (2001-2005), CAPE COAST


AFFECTED

I ARTERIAL DEVELOPMENT 2001-2005 15 No N/A N/A N/A N/A

__King Ag-g r-ey/F -redck b ur-mg ~N -o--- - -No N/A N/A N/A N/A As above

Buellah Road / Aboom road No N/A N/A N/A N/A__

Aboom Wells No N/A N/A N/A N/A

Tack-son Street ~/Royal La-ne _No N/A -N/A N/A N/A

S'arbah Road _ No N/A N/A N/A N/A

Commercial street No N/A N/A N/A N/A

__Sub total

2 REHABILITATION OF

TRANSP~ORT TE~RMINA-L-S ] ___

1No. _ No N/A N/A N/A N/A As above

3 INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT 2001

Constrution of office

-bull d ing

4 TRAFFiC MANAGEMENT 2001-2005

Bl-9 I a c ~ks p o t ~Im-p r o v-e m e n-t _N _No N/A N/A N/A N/A

Intersection Improvement No N/A N/A As above

__ Road Safety _ No N/A N/A NM N/A _ _ __

___ _ TOTAL _____________ - 2001-2005 15

-45 -

ghana highway authority department of urban roads … · 2000. 12. 22. · road projects earmarked...

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