ghg emission factors, carbon content and heating …...occurrence of coal in india % % % % % % m m m...
TRANSCRIPT
Introduction
➢The total production of energy from
commercial sources in India was
13767.83 peta joules during 2015-16.
➢ Energy production in PJ by commercial
sources shows that coal was the major
source of energy during 2015-16:
• Coal - 70.25%
• Crude Petroleum - 11.24%
• Natural Gas - 9.02%
• Electricity (Hydro, Nucl., Others) - 5.87%
• Lignite - 3.62%
Source: Energy Statistics 2017, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Govt. of India
Occurrence of coal in India
%
%
%
%
%
%
m m m
m
m
m
mmmm
m
m
Luc know
Patna
Calcutta
Bhuba ne swar
Hydera ba d
Bhopa l
80° 84° 88°
24°
20°
16°
84°
16°
20°
24°
69
55
71
51
66
68
76
3541
64
5657
65
6775
27
37
58
77
50 45
48
73
42 38
74
32
46
47
70
72
54
52
3430
78
3653
6263
61
59
60
49
44 4339
40
33
3128
29
22
26
80°
22. S ingrimar i26. D arjee ling27. R ajm ahal28. B i rbhum29. T angs uli30. Kundait Kar iah
33,34. Gi rid ih
31. Sahar juri32. J a inti
36. Bar jora
38. Eas t Bokaro
40. R am garh
42. South Karanpura43. C hope44. Itk hor i45. Auranga46. H utar
48,49,50. Tatapan i-Ram k ola47. D altonganj
35. R aniganj
39. W est Bok aro
41. N orth Karanpura
37. J har ia
88°
51. S ingrau li52. Korar53. U m aria54. J ohi la55. S ihagpur56. Sonhat-J h il im il i57. B isram pur58. Lakhanpur59. Panc hbahin i60. D ham am unda61. Koreagarh62. C hir im i ri63. Sendurgarh64. H asdo-Arand65. Korba66. M and-R aigarh67. Ib R iv er68. T a lcher69. G odav ar i70. Yel lendu71. W ardha72. Bander73. U m rer74. Kam ptee75. Penc h-Kanhan76. Pathakhera77. T awa78. M ohpani
500 0 500 Kilom eterskm
Gondwana coalfields
Permian sediments (c. 290Ma)
mostly deposited in
Intracratonic Gondwana basins.
Indian Coal occurs in two stratigraphic horizons
%
%
%
%
%
%
%%
%
mm
m
m
m m m
m
m
Shillong
23
1
23
42425
56
87
9
10
22 2011
19 14 1215
1321
1816
17
1. Miao-bum 2. Namchik-Namphuk 3. Makum 4. Dilli-Jeypore 5. Tiju 6. Borjan 7. Tuen Sang 8. Jhanzi-Disai 9. Koilajan10. Diphu11. Bapung12. Pynursla
Tertiary Coalfields
13. Cherrapunji14. Laitryngew15. Mawsynram16. Mawlong Shella17. Langrin18. Balphakram-Pendenggru19. West Darangiri20. Rongrenggri21. Siju
22. Singrimari23. Abor Hills24. Daphla Hills25. Aka Hills
Gondwana Coalfields
92°
28°
96°
28°
24°
92° 88° 84°
24°
GangtokItanagar
Dispur
Kohima
Imphal
AizawlAgartala
Shillong
Calcutta
100 0 100 k m
Tertiary coalfields
Early Tertiary (c. 60Ma) near-
shore peri-cratonic basins
and shelves.
Geological Provinces
Gondwana coal
Occurrence
Eastern and central part of Peninsular India
Bituminous to sub-bituminous
Moderate to High in Ash and Low in Sulphur
Tertiary coal
Occurrence
Meta and Ortholignitous
High in Sulphur; Strongly caking to non-caking
Northeastern India
Lignite
Occurrence
Character
Western and southern India
High in moisture and volatile matter
Character
Rank
Character
Rank
Occurrence
Gondwana Coal
Coal bearing strata
KARHARBARI FORMATION (Early Permian)–
RESTRICTED TO FEW COALFIELDS OF EASTERN INDIA
BARAKAR FORMATION (Early Permian)–
MAJOR STOREHOUSE OF COAL IN ALL THE BASINS
RANIGANJ/KAMTHI FORMATION (Late Permian)–
ECONOMICALLY EXPLOITABLE IN RANIGANJ, JHARIA
EASTERN PART OF SINGRAULI BASIN AND GODAVARI
Tertiary Coal
Coal bearing strata
Oligocene sediments
• Tikak Parbat Formation in Upper Assam,
Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh
Eocene sediments
• Tura Sandstone, Lakadong Sandstone in Garo,
Khasi and Jaintia hills of Meghalaya
• Sylhet Limestone in Mikir hills of Assam
• Lower Subathu Group in Jammu
Tertiary coalfields of Northeastern Region
Coking
Prime – Low volatile bituminous coals , Coke type G7 or better,
Ro(mean) = 1.2. Upper Barakar seams in Jharia coalfield.
Medium - Low to high volatile bituminous coals, Coke type F-G6,
Ro(mean) = 1.1-1.4. Lower Barakar & Raniganj seams in Jharia,
Barakar seams in Raniganj, Bokaro, parts of Ramgarh,
Karanpura, Sohagpur and Pench- Kanhan coalfields
Semi – High volatile, Coke type D-F, Ro(mean) = 0.7.
Lower Raniganj seams in Raniganj, Barakar seams in parts of
Ramgarh and Sonhat coalfields
Non-coking
Superior – High volatile bituminous B-C coals.
Mainly in Raniganj seams of Raniganj coalfield
Inferior – High volatile sub-bituminous coals. All coalfields
High Sulphur
Types of Indian Coal
General Characters of Karharbari Coal
❖ Low moisture, low ash and low to
medium volatile
❖ Comparatively cleaner than
Barakar coals
❖ Generally non-coking except in
parts of Giridih and North
Karanpura
General Characters of Barakar Coal
❖Moisture < 2% to 6%
❖ Volatile - <18 to 35%
❖ Carbon - 85 to 90% (on dmmf basis)
❖ Ash - 15 to 30% (excluding dirt bands)
❖ Coking properties (eastern CFs of
Damodar Valley basins)
❖ Coke type - D to G6 or better
General Characters of Raniganj Coal
❖ High moisture
❖ High Volatile
❖ Coal seams thinner than those of
Barakar
❖ Best developed in Raniganj coalfield
• PROVED (>80%) THROUGH DETAILED EXPLORATION
(Based on degree of confidence)
• INDICATED (>50 to 80%)THROUGH REGIONAL EXPLORATION
• INFERRED (<50 %)
DEPTH : 0-300 m, 300-600 m and 600-1200 m
GRADE :
Medium Coking : SG-I, SG-II, W-I, W-II, W-III, W-IV
Semi Coking : Grade-I and grade-II
Non Coking : Superior (Gr.A – C) and Power grade (Gr.D-G)
CATEGORY :
Resources classified as
Depth-wise and Category-wise
Resource of Indian coal (As on 1.4.2017)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
51.66 51.58 56.82 57.45
488.29 504.82 508.95
551.73539.95 556.4 565.77
609.18
Bil
lio
n t
on
ne
s
Depth range
Total Resource 315.15 bt
Measured
Indicated
Inferred
Coking coal
Grade Ash Sp.Gr
Steel Grade -I < 15% 1.42
Steel Grade -II 15% - 18% 1.44
Washery Grade - I 18% - 21% 1.46
Washery Grade - II 21% - 24% 1.50
Washery Grade - III 24% - 28% 1.53
Washery Grade – IV 28% - 35% 1.58
Semi-coking & weakly coking coal
Grade Ash + Moisture Sp.Gr
Semi-Coking -I < 19% 1.44
Semi-Coking -II 19% - 24% 1.46
Prevalent Quality Classification System
Non-coking coal
Grade Useful Heat Value (k.cal/kg) Sp.Gr
A > 6200 1.42
B 5600 - 6200 1.45
C 4940 - 5600 1.50
D 4200 - 4940 1.55
E 3360 - 4200 1.60
F 2400 - 3360 1.68
G 1300 - 2400 1.76
Useful Heat Value = 8900 – 138 (Ash + Moisture)
(At 60% R.H & 400C Temperature)
Quality Classification (Contd…)(Department of Coal, Ministry of Energy, 1979)
Old UHV based grading New GCV based grading GCV Range (KCal/kg)
A
G1 ➢ 7000
G2 6701 - 7000
G3 6401 - 6700
BG4 6101 – 6400
G5 5801 – 6100
G6 5501 - 5800
C G7 5201 - 5500
BG8 4901 – 5200
G9 4601 – 4900
EG10 4301 – 4600
G11 4001 – 4300
FG12 3701 – 4000
G13 3401 – 3700
GG14 3101 - 3400
G15 2801 – 3100
Additional GradesG16 2501 – 2800
G17 2201 - 2500
New GCV based classification system of non-coking coal(Gazette Notification, Ministry of Coal, 30th December 2011)
Summarized Table of Coal ResourcesAs on 1st April 2017
Depth
Range
Coking Non-Coking High
Sulphur
Grand
Total
(m) Prime Medium Semi-
Coking
Superior
(G1-G6)
Inferior
(G7-G17)
Ungraded
0-300 0.00 11.59 0.47 21.69 137.98 9.03 1.39 182.15
0-600 4.04 4.06 0.00 0.20 5.90 0.00 0.00 14.20
300-600 0.00 6.42 0.76 12.75 58.68 15.88 0.20 94.69
600-1200 1.27 5.44 0.49 2.86 9.15 4.90 0.00 24.11
0-1200 5.31 27.51 1.72 37.50 211.71 29.81 1.59 315.15
(in billion tonnes)
Lignite Resources
%
%
%
m
m
m
m m
m
m
m
m
mm
m
m
Srinagar
Jaipur
Gandhinagar
72° 76° 80°
36°
36°
32°
32°
28°
28°
24°
24°
80° 76°
1
5254
3
8 5
53
9
7
51
17
19
6
30
48
11
45
27
49
15
46
28
16
10
1213
14
2324
2629
22
21 20
31 32
333534
36
4041
38
39 37
4443
5047
2
4
1.N ic hahom Baram ula 2.N agbal
3,4 .F irozpur Shaliganga 5.Khar i 6.G angas hahr
7.Sarup Des ar 8.M udh
9.9Kolayat10.G ura
11.C haner i
12.Bi thnok
13.M andal C harnan14.R aneri
15.H ira K i D hani
16.La lam desar17.Bar S inghsar
18.Palana
19.Kas nau
20.Kuc hera21.N im br i
22.M arwar Chapri23.Butati
24.M er ta R oad25.H ansiyas
26.G angarda27.Lam ba Jatan
28.M okala29.Indawar
30.N agarda31.N im la
32.Bharka33.Botiya
34.H am ir ji ki D hani35.k apurd i
36.J a lipa37.Lakhpat
38.D hedadi39.Pranpur
40.Kaiyari
41.Panandhro
42.Ak hrim ota
43.F u lradam
44.U m ars ar
45.M udia
46.M ata No M adh47.J u lara i
48.W aghapadar49.Lefr i
50.H am la51.N anaratad ia
52.Lakhanka Kharsa lia53.Bhur i
54.Shah Vastan
Lignite Occurrences
42
Coalfields
79. Kalakot-M etka
79
500 0 500 km
m m
m
m
mmm
m
m
m
55
56
57
6665
59
646362
6160
696768
58
76° 80°
8°
12°
16°
8°
12°
16°
76° 80°
55. Ratnagiri56. Nileswaram57. Madayi58. Warkala59. Mannargudi60. Jayamkonda Cholapuram61. Lalpettai62. Srimushnam63. Neyveli South64. Bhubangiri65. Neyveli East66. Bahur67, 68, 69. Eluru-Rajamundri
Lignite
Occurrences
HYDERABAD
PANAJI
BANGALORE
CHENNAI
PONDICHERY
TIRUVANTAPURAMWorkable deposits
45
50
55
60
65
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
51.66 51.58
56.82 57.45
60.89 61.66
Total Resources - 44.70 bt
(in b
illio
n to
nn
es)
Trend of Coal and Lignite Production(in million tonnes)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
51.66 51.58 56.82 57.45 60.89 61.66
488.29504.82 508.95
551.73
578.35
601.13
539.95556.4
565.77
609.18
639.24
662.79
42.33 46.45 44.27 48.27 43.84 45.23
mil
lio
n t
on
ne
s
Financial YearCoking Non-coking Total coal Lignite
Methodology Adopted for NCV, CEF
Collection of coal/lignite characteristic data from CFRI
archive covering the major sources of coal and from M/s
NLC India Limited
Identification of outliers
Categorisation of the data into three broad groups -
Coking (400) Non coking(3300) and lignite (4400)
Estimation of the NCV/CEF for each grade of different
categories of coking and non coking coals. Use of grade
wise production data for estimation of NCV and CEF of
coking & non coking coals
Compare the estimated figures with the Previous values
NCV and CEF of Coking Coal
Grade Mean NCV Mean CEF Production (MT)
Year
1994 2000 2006
Steel Gr. I 28.83 25.39 0.388 0.195 0.127
Steel Gr. II 28.13 25.40 1.267 0.675 0.559
Washery Gr. I 27.09 25.45 2.296 1.035 0.291
Washery Gr. II 26.08 25.49 4.487 3.374 3.171
Washery Gr. III 24.73 25.53 10.491 6.889 6.737
Washery Gr. IV 22.95 25.56 22.770 18.507 20.999
Semi-Cok. Gr.I 26.39 25.71 0.271 0.215 0.182
Estimated NCV (TJ/kt) 24.18 24.00 23.80
CEF (tc/TJ) 25.53 25.54 25.55
IPCC Default Values NCV = 19.98; CEF= 25.8
NCV and CEF of Non-Coking Coal
Grade Mean NCV Mean CEF Production (MT)
Year
1994 2000 2006
A 25.63 25.70 2.974 3.548 4.958
B 23.92 25.81 21.417 20.694 20.815
C 22.37 25.78 46.742 51.728 53.059
D 20.34 26.06 33.853 37.067 42.439
E 18.26 26.28 41.603 62.708 98.079
F 15.87 26.51 63.771 101.824 165.673
G 13.70 26.82 0.358 0.458 7.733
Estimated NCV (TJ/kt) 19.63 19.08 18.45
CEF (tc/TJ) 26.13 26.20 26.27
IPCC Default Values NCV = 19.98; CEF= 25.8
NCV and CEF of Lignite
Moisture
45%
Moisture
50%
Moisture
55%
NCV (TJ/kt) 10.90 9.69 8.50
CEF (tC/TJ) 28.29 28.95 29.80
Methane Emission Factors
Operation Methane Emission factor (m3/tonne)
Surface
Mining
Underground Mining
Degree–I Degree–II Degree–III
Mining 1.18 2.91 13.08 23.68
Post
Mining
(Handling)
0.15 0.98 2.15 3.12
➢ During data analysis for CEF and NCV estimation, integrity
of the data was assured through cross checking of
experimental GCV's with the values obtained from the
elementary data using the formula proposed by B .K.
Mazumdar.
➢ Uncertainty Assessment: While estimating the NCV and CEF
of the Indian coals the grade wise production data of
coking and non-coking coals were utilised. Since there is
wide variation in the NCV figures between the grades of
each coal type any uncertainty in the production figures will
affect the accuracy of the estimated parameter. The CEF
value is not affected in a significant way by the production
data.
Quality Control and Quality Assessment
➢ Institutions in India have developed their own nationalemission factors.
➢A number of constraints usually experienced need to be
addressed strategically by the participating Institutions,
Industries and the MoEFCC, GoI.
➢ The following additional measures for success in our endeavour :
✓ Pro-active support of and co-ordination among policy makers, regulators,
Institutions andother government agencies, etc.
Conclusions