GHG Emissions from GHG Emissions from ShippingShipping

EPRG meetingEPRG meeting23rd April 200723rd April 2007

BrusselsBrussels

Dr. Marianne KlingbeilDr. Marianne KlingbeilHead of UnitHead of Unit

DG ENV C3 – Air and TransportDG ENV C3 – Air and Transport European CommissionEuropean Commission

BackgroundBackground

• Ship emissions of CO2 are 2-3% of world total CO2 emissions and are increasing in line with international trade (3-4% per year)

• GHG emissions from ships = 97% CO2 (1.5% N2O, 1% refrigerant gasses and 0.5% CH4)

• 40% of the global fleet is controlled by EU interests, 90% of EU international trade is by sea.

• Up to 50% savings are possible – with technical and operational improvements

• Studies indicate savings are very cost effective

Action requiredAction required

• EU target for reducing CO2 emissions (“at least 20%”)

• European Council Conclusions – March 2007 call for action on international maritime emissions.

• International maritime transport not included in Kyoto targets – but Annex 1 parties are obliged to ‘pursue’ reductions.

• Industry needs certainty – long term investments, ships last 30 years – need for stable framework

• Positive environmental image of shipping under threat – must be maintained

Slow Slow progressprogress

• IMO first took up the issue in 1997 but progress is slow (political opposition).

• Post 2012 negotiations now getting under way

Policy options - Policy options - Ineffective optionsIneffective options

• 1) Voluntary measures

• 2) Allocation of international Maritime emissions to MS

• 3) Reporting obligation

• Action on refrigerant gasses – necessary but not sufficient

EU Policy option 1 – Shipping ETSEU Policy option 1 – Shipping ETS

• Include Shipping in EU ETS– similar to aviation BUT different

• Issues– Changing – destinations, owners, operators..– Avoidance – Scale– Data– Diversity

EU Policy option 2 – Harbour duesEU Policy option 2 – Harbour dues

• Variable harbour dues based on GHG emissions

• Issues– Does not guarantee reductions– Limit values difficult to agree– Route related circumstances– Port competition– Complex

EU Policy option 3 – EU Policy option 3 – COCO² Index Index

LimitsLimits• Binding CO² index limits for ships visiting EU

ports

• Issues– Limit values difficult to agree– Diversity of vessels– Variation in operating environments and

buisness models

– ‘Occasional visitor’ problem

Questions:Questions:

•How could the IMO work be accelerated?

•Do you support unilateral EU action?

•Which policy strategy is favoured?

What next?What next?

• Review recent CE Delft study

• Promote discussion in national capitals

• IMO MEPC meeting in July 2007

• Consider national positions for ‘post’ 2012 negotiations

• Keep us informed

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention

Dr. Marianne KlingbeilHead of Unit – Air and Transport

DG Environment European Commission

BU-9 6/204Tel: +32 2 296 0493

marianne.klingbeil@ec.europa.eu