GHG Indexing of ShipsGHG Indexing of Shipsand its updatesand its updates

Dr. Tim Gunner, Technical Consultant, IntertankoDr. Tim Gunner, Technical Consultant, Intertanko

IMOIMO PositionPositionAssembly Resolution 963Assembly Resolution 963

““To identify and develop the mechanism or To identify and develop the mechanism or mechanisms needed to achieve the limitation or mechanisms needed to achieve the limitation or reduction of GHG emissions…. and to give priority to:reduction of GHG emissions…. and to give priority to:– The establishment of a GHG BaselineThe establishment of a GHG Baseline– The development of a methodology to describe the GHG The development of a methodology to describe the GHG

efficiency of a ship… recognize that COefficiency of a ship… recognize that CO22 is the main GHG is the main GHG

emitted by shipsemitted by ships– The development of guidelines by which GHG emission The development of guidelines by which GHG emission

indexing may be applied in practiceindexing may be applied in practice– The evaluation of technical, operational and market based The evaluation of technical, operational and market based

solutions solutions

IMOIMO PositionPositionand Findingsand Findings

IMO Study on Greenhouse Gas Emissions IMO Study on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ships published in June 2000 Findings:from Ships published in June 2000 Findings:

– Ships contribute about 1.8% of World’s total Ships contribute about 1.8% of World’s total COCO22 emissions emissions

– Reductions feasible through technical and Reductions feasible through technical and operational measuresoperational measures

IMO ProcedureIMO ProcedureMEPC/Circ.471 MEPC/Circ.471

Interim Guidelines for Voluntary COInterim Guidelines for Voluntary CO22

Indexing for use in Trials – issued 29 July Indexing for use in Trials – issued 29 July 20052005

Trial period until MEPC 58 – October 2008 – Trial period until MEPC 58 – October 2008 – where report of experiences requestedwhere report of experiences requested

The COThe CO22 Index Equation Index Equation

IMO GuidelinesIMO Guidelines

(Σ FC × C Carbon )Fuel type 1 + (Σ FC × C Carbon )Fuel type 2 + (Σ FC × C Carbon )Fuel type 3 +……… Index = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Σ m cargo,i × Di

Where: FC is the Fuel Consumption - tonnes CCarbon is the Carbon Factor m is the Tonnes of Cargo D is the distance travelled in Nautical miles

Specified CSpecified CCarbonCarbon Factors Factors

IMO GuidelinesIMO Guidelines

Type of Fuel ISO Specification Carbon Content m/m Ccarbon [g CO2/t Fuel] Diesel/Gasoil ISO 8217 Grades DMX

to DMC 0.875 3,206,000

Light Fuel Oil (LFO) ISO 8217 Grades RMA to RMD

0.86 3,151,040

Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) Iso 8217 Grades RME to RMK

0.85 3,114,400

Natural Gas 0.80 2,931,200

Example DataExample Data

NAME AND TYPE OF SHIP: Voyage or day

Fuel consumption (FC) at sea and in port in tonnes

Voyage data

(i)

Fuel type

(HFO)

Fuel type

(HDO)

Fuel type

( )

… Cargo (m) (tonnes units)

Distance (D) (NM)

1 20 5 25000 300 2 20 5 0 300 3 50 10 25000 750 4 10 3 15000 150 .. ..

Example CalculationExample Calculation

100 × 3,114,400 + 23 × 3,206,000 IMO Index = ---------------------------------------------------------------------= 13.5 g CO2/tonne n.m. (25,000 × 300) + (0 × 300) + (25,000 × 750) + (15,000 × 150) Note the impact on the calculation of the Ballast leg of the voyages 100 × 3,114,400 + 23 × 3,206,000 INTERTANKO Index = --------------------------------------------------------------- = 3.95 g CO2/tonne n.m (25,000 + 0 + 25,000 + 15,000) × (300 + 300 + 750 + 150)

GHG Indexing of ShipsGHG Indexing of Ships

COCO22 Equation used for Equation used for “Yearly”“Yearly” Calculations Calculations

C. Con. Factor * C. Con. Factor * FCFCii / / (M Cargo (M Cargoii * Dist * Dist ii ) )

COCO22 Equation used for Equation used for “Voyage”“Voyage” Calculations Calculations

C. Con. Factor * FCC. Con. Factor * FCii / (M Cargo / (M Cargoii * Dist * Dist ii ) )

GHG Indexing of ShipsGHG Indexing of Ships

GHG Index used for “Yearly” and “Voyage” GHG Index used for “Yearly” and “Voyage” calculations uses same principle but calculations uses same principle but incorporates refrigerant gas refill tonnage incorporates refrigerant gas refill tonnage (RF) and the Global Warming Potential (RF) and the Global Warming Potential (GWP = 3780)(GWP = 3780) of the gas to equate it to CO of the gas to equate it to CO22 equivalencyequivalency

(C.Conv.Factor * (C.Conv.Factor * FC FC ii) + ) + (( RF RF ii * GWP) * GWP) / /

(M Cargo (M Cargo ii * Dist * Dist i i ))

INTERTANKOINTERTANKOCOCO22 and GHG Spreadsheet and GHG Spreadsheet

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A B C D E F G H I JVoyage No. HFO Consumed MDO/MGO Consumed Total Loaded Dist Total Ballast Dist. Total B/L Factor Refrig. Gas refill CO2 Index GHG Index

Tonnes Tonnes N. Miles N.Miles Tonnes Tonne - Miles Tonnes1 300 15 1500 600 110200 231420000 0.15 4.2446 6.69472 1500 60 9000 3000 120000 1440000000 0.10 3.3773 3.63983 1000 44 6500 1500 100000 800000000 0.00 4.0688 4.0688

00000000000000000000000

Annual 2800 119 17000 5100 330200 2471420000 0.25 3.6824 4.0648

INTERTANKOINTERTANKOAdd. to Spreadsheet (Sulphur)Add. to Spreadsheet (Sulphur)

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L M N O

HFO Sulphur Content MDO Sulphur Content Total SO2 emission Emission% % Tonnes gr/Tonne-mile

3.50 1.50 21.4 0.09252.80 1.20 85.3 0.05922.90 1.30 59.1 0.0738

0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

165.8 0.0671

INTERTANKOINTERTANKOAdd. to Spreadsheet (NMVOC)Add. to Spreadsheet (NMVOC)

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P Q R S T U V

Av. RVP Cargo Total Ullage Av. Cargo Temp. Av.TVP* VOC Emission VOC Emission Emissionpsia % Deg C psia % cargo tonnes tonnes gr/Tonne-mile8.5 10.0 30.0 10.35 -0.009 10.37 0.04486.0 2.0 35.0 12.28 -0.084 101.16 0.0703

10.5 4.0 25.0 11.86 -0.069 68.99 0.0862

Note: * If the TVP is less than 10 psia a gain will be recorded that should be manually altered to ZERO on the spread sheet

A Review of Data A Review of Data collection so farcollection so far

GHG Indexing of ShipsGHG Indexing of ShipsExample of a VLCC (1)Example of a VLCC (1)

Voyage Data Calculation Voyage Data CalculationVoyage

NoLoaded Miles

Ballast Miles

Total Miles

Total Bunkers

Total Cargo Tonnes CO2 Index *10^6

5 6373 1205 7578 1399.31 257788 2.2277

6 6611 6421 13032 2118.13 256811 1.9683

7 5996 6452 12448 2013.84 250204.53 2.0109

8 4310 5508 9818 1589.84 257381.45 1.9567

9 5897 3000 8897 1461.12 259044.21 1.9716

10 5110 6002 11112 1951.74 248750.94 2.1960

11 4316 4654 8970 1546.31 241659.22 2.2185

12 10617 3167 13784 2499.99 267694.73 2.1071

13 6285 6248 12533 2233.43 260516.84 2.1274

Voyage Average 2.0871

Var. %Var. % 5.27%5.27% Standard Dev. 0.11

GHG Indexing of ShipsGHG Indexing of ShipsExample of a VLCC (2)Example of a VLCC (2)

Voyage Data Calculation Voyage Data CalculationVoyage

NoLoaded

MilesBallast

MilesTotal

MilesTotal

BunkersTotal Cargo

Tonnes CO2 Index *10^6

9 3156 2669 5825 1504.18 259093 3.0996

10 11305 2684 13989 4073.70 258551 3.5028

11 12631 11831 24462 6438.72 261703 3.1279

12 8596 6218 14814 4517.07 259571 3.6533

13 10353 4153 14506 4522.19 263631 3.6776

14 6369 4404 10773 3120.60 260237 3.4617

15 3162 300 3462 1019.10 260826 3.5099

16 6972 408 7380 1985.02 260462 3.2116

17 7094 5824 12918 3104.87 252871 2.9560

Voyage Average 3.3556

Var. %Var. % 7.45%7.45% Standard Dev. 0.25

GHG Indexing of ShipsGHG Indexing of ShipsExample of VLCCsExample of VLCCs

Voyage Data Calculations Voyage Data CalculationsVessel ID DWT CO2 Voy Av

A1 238505 2.2612

A2 269065 2.5204

A3 305926 3.1505

A4 264892 3.3556

A5 305871 2.2726

A6 260039 2.0871

T17 95371 5.6208

T18 107181 5.7850

T19 106266 7.0382

T20 98744 5.4705

T21 98507 5.8647

COCO22 & GHG Indexing of Ships & GHG Indexing of Ships

Example of Chemical Tanker Example of Chemical Tanker Voyage Data CalculationVoyage Data Calculation

Voyage No. FO Cons.MDO Cons. Total Cargo

Loaded Dist

Ballast Dist

Refrig. gas t/p

  Tonnes Tonnes Tonnes N. Miles N. Miles KilogramsCO2

Index GHG Index

TPW 51 925.4 54.7 36892.9 7986 0 14.2

TPW 51/HBR 51 744.2 96.0 5333 0 14.2

HBR 51 992.8 91.5 32494.1 7498 0 14.2

HBR 51 1191.5 92.9 6293 0 14.2 6.9364 7.0505

HBR 51/TPW 52 819.6 90.4 35595.1 6634 0 14.2

TPW 52/HBR 52 900.9 86.2 7485 0 14.2

HBR 52 892.7 58.6 28787.5 8052 0 14.2

HBR 52/TPW 53 821.7 100.1 5932 0 14.2 6.4915 6.6102

TPW 53 844.7 78.8 36388.3 6794 0 14.2

TPW 53 847.4 103.6 6320 0 14.2

TPW 53/HBR 53 836.4 74.7 6727 0 14.2

HBR 53 1166.6 85.9 32380.6 7377 0 14.2 6.7205 6.8352

Voyage Av. 6.7161 6.8320

Standard Dev. 0.315 0.311

Comparative Values andComparative Values and Economies of Scale Economies of Scale

But one has to take into account others’ viewsBut one has to take into account others’ views1 ship emission = 350,000 cars emissions1 ship emission = 350,000 cars emissions

Any Questions orAny Questions orOffers of Help for Data Offers of Help for Data

CollectionCollection