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Page 1: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Ghislain Fourny

Information Systems for Engineers8. Views and Indices

Page 2: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Sample tablepublications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

Page 3: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Some queries

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'

Page 4: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Some queries

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'

Page 5: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Some queries

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Kurt Gödel'

Page 6: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Some queries

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1901

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1911

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Kurt Gödel'

Page 7: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Some queriesSELECT title, yearFROM publications

Page 8: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Some queries

title year

varchar(255) int

Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Mechanical Intelligence 1992

On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Mathematical Logic 2001

On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

The Theory of Relativity 1911

SELECT title, yearFROM publications

Page 9: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Some queries

SELECT title, yearFROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'

Page 10: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Some queries

title year

varchar(255) int

Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

The Theory of Relativity 1911

SELECT title, yearFROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'

Page 11: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Some queries

SELECT author, COUNT(title) AS countFROM publicationsGROUP BY author

Page 12: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Some queries

author count

varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein 7

Kurt Gödel 2

Alan Turing 2

SELECT author, COUNT(title) AS countFROM publicationsGROUP BY author

Page 13: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Sample table

Page 14: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Sample table

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

SELECT title, yearFROM publicationsORDER BY year

Page 15: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Sample table

SELECT title, yearFROM publicationsORDER BY yearLIMIT 3 OFFSET 2

Page 16: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Sample table

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

SELECT title, yearFROM publicationsORDER BY yearLIMIT 3 OFFSET 2

Page 17: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Views

Page 18: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Use caseSELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'

COUNT(SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein')

SELECT DISTINCT yearFROM (SELECT *

FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein')

SELECT titleFROM (SELECT *

FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein')

WHERE year< 1905

Page 19: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Use caseSELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'

COUNT(SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein')

SELECT DISTINCT yearFROM (SELECT *

FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein')

SELECT titleFROM (SELECT *

FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein')

WHERE year< 1905

Page 20: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Some queries

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'

Page 21: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Some queries

publications_by_einstein

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'

Page 22: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Some queries

publications_by_einstein

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

CREATE VIEW publications_by_einsteinAS SELECT *

FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'

Page 23: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Use caseSELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'

COUNT(SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein')

SELECT DISTINCT yearFROM (SELECT *

FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein')

SELECT titleFROM (SELECT *

FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein')

WHERE year< 1905

Page 24: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Use caseSELECT *FROM publications_by_einstein

COUNT (SELECT * FROM publications_by_einstein)

SELECT DISTINCT yearFROM publications_by_einstein

SELECT titleFROM publications_by_einsteinWHERE year< 1905

Page 25: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Querying a view

SELECT titleFROM publications_by_einstein

Page 26: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Querying a view

title

varchar(255)

Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity

A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics

On the General Molecular Theory of Heat

On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies

On the Theory of Brownian Motion

On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle

The Theory of Relativity

SELECT titleFROM publications_by_einstein

Page 27: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Renaming columns in a view

CREATE VIEW publications_by_einstein2 (t, y)AS SELECT title, year

FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'

Page 28: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Renaming columns in a view

publications_by_einstein

t y

varchar(255) int

Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

The Theory of Relativity 1911

CREATE VIEW publications_by_einstein2 (t, y)AS SELECT title, year

FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'

Page 29: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Kinds of relations

Page 30: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Kinds of relationspublications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

Tables (persisted)

Page 31: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Kinds of relationspublications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

Tables (persisted)

publications_by_einstein

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

Views (named)

Page 32: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Kinds of relationspublications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

Tables (persisted)

publications_by_einstein

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

Views (named)

On-the-fly-relation

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Page 33: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Kinds of relations

Kind of relation Named Persisted

Table YES YES

View YES NO

On-the-fly NO NO

Page 34: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Updating a view

publications_by_einstein

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

CREATE VIEW publications_by_einsteinAS SELECT *

FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'

Page 35: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Updating a view

publications_by_einstein

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

INSERT INTO publications_by_einsteinVALUES ('Albert Einstein', 'foo', '1920')

Page 36: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Updating a view

publications_by_einstein

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

Albert Einstein foo 1920

INSERT INTO publications_by_einsteinVALUES ('Albert Einstein', 'foo', '1920')

Page 37: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Updating a view

publications_by_einstein

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

Albert Einstein foo 1920

INSERT INTO publications_by_einsteinVALUES ('Albert Einstein', 'foo', '1920')

But this is virtual! Can we persist it?

Page 38: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Sample tablepublications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

Albert Einstein foo 1920

In some cases, yes!

Page 39: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Updating a view

CREATE VIEW publications_by_einsteinAS SELECT *

FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'

Page 40: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Updating a view

CREATE VIEW publications_by_einsteinAS SELECT *

FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'

We can do insertions, deletions, updates.

Page 41: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Updating a view

CREATE VIEW publications_by_einsteinAS SELECT *

FROM publications, other_tableWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'AND year = other_table.y

Page 42: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Updating a view

CREATE VIEW publications_by_einsteinAS SELECT *

FROM publications, other_tableWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'AND year = other_table.y

This view is not updatable.

Page 43: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Updating a view

CREATE VIEW publications_by_einsteinAS SELECT title

FROM publications, other_tableWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'

Page 44: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Updating a view

CREATE VIEW publications_by_einsteinAS SELECT title

FROM publications, other_tableWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'

This view is not updatable.

Page 45: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Conditions for an updatable view

Page 46: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Conditions for an updatable view

Only one table name in the FROM clause.

Page 47: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Conditions for an updatable view

Only one table name in the FROM clause.

All attributes in the SELECT clause,except those that can be NULL or have a default value.

Page 48: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Conditions for an updatable view

Only one table name in the FROM clause.

All attributes in the SELECT clause,except those that can be NULL or have a default value.

No usage of R itself in the WHERE clause.

Page 49: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Indices

Page 50: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Selecting query

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'

Page 51: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Selecting query

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

FullScan

Page 52: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Selecting query

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

Page 53: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Selecting query

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

Page 54: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Selecting query

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

Page 55: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Selecting query

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

Page 56: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Selecting query

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

Page 57: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Selecting query

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

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Selecting query

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

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Selecting query

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

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Selecting query

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

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Selecting query

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

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Selecting query

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

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Selecting query

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE author = 'Albert Einstein'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

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Highly selective querySELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'The Theory of Relativity'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

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Highly selective querySELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'The Theory of Relativity'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

FullScan

Page 66: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Highly selective querySELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'The Theory of Relativity'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

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Highly selective querySELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'The Theory of Relativity'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

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Highly selective querySELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'The Theory of Relativity'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

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Highly selective querySELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'The Theory of Relativity'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

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Highly selective querySELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'The Theory of Relativity'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

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Highly selective querySELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'The Theory of Relativity'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

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Highly selective querySELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'The Theory of Relativity'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

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Highly selective querySELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'The Theory of Relativity'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

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Highly selective querySELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'The Theory of Relativity'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

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Highly selective querySELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'The Theory of Relativity'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

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Highly selective querySELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'The Theory of Relativity'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

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Highly selective querySELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'The Theory of Relativity'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

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Can We Do Better?

Page 79: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

First idea: sortingSELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'Mathematical Logic'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

Page 80: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

First idea: sortingSELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'Mathematical Logic'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

Page 81: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

First idea: sortingSELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'Mathematical Logic'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

Page 82: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

First idea: sortingSELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'Mathematical Logic'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

But how come we were so fast with this sorted version?

Page 83: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Binary SearchSELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'Mathematical Logic'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

Page 84: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Binary SearchSELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'Mathematical Logic'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

Page 85: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Binary SearchSELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'Mathematical Logic'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

>

Page 86: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Binary SearchSELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'Mathematical Logic'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

Page 87: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Binary SearchSELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'Mathematical Logic'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

Page 88: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Binary SearchSELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'Mathematical Logic'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

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Page 89: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Binary SearchSELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'Mathematical Logic'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

Page 90: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Binary SearchSELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'Mathematical Logic'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

Page 91: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Binary SearchSELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'Mathematical Logic'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

>

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Binary SearchSELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'Mathematical Logic'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

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Binary SearchSELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'Mathematical Logic'

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

=

Page 94: Ghislain Fourny Information Systems for Engineers · Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904 ... A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903 ... On the

Binary Search: Underlying structureOn intuitionistic arithmetic

and number theory

Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity

A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics

An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's

Field Equations of Gravitation

Mechanical Intelligence

Mathematical Logic

On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle

On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies

On the General Molecular Theory of Heat

On the Theory of Brownian Motion

The Theory of Relativity

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Binary Search: Underlying structureOn intuitionistic arithmetic

and number theory

Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity

A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics

An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's

Field Equations of Gravitation

Mechanical Intelligence

Mathematical Logic

On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle

On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies

On the General Molecular Theory of Heat

On the Theory of Brownian Motion

The Theory of Relativity

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Binary Search: Underlying structureOn intuitionistic arithmetic

and number theory

Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity

A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics

An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's

Field Equations of Gravitation

Mechanical Intelligence

Mathematical Logic

On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle

On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies

On the General Molecular Theory of Heat

On the Theory of Brownian Motion

The Theory of Relativity

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Binary Search: Underlying structureOn intuitionistic arithmetic

and number theory

Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity

A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics

An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's

Field Equations of Gravitation

Mechanical Intelligence

Mathematical Logic

On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle

On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies

On the General Molecular Theory of Heat

On the Theory of Brownian Motion

The Theory of Relativity

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Binary Search: Underlying structureOn intuitionistic arithmetic

and number theory

Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity

A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics

An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's

Field Equations of Gravitation

Mechanical Intelligence

Mathematical Logic

On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle

On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies

On the General Molecular Theory of Heat

On the Theory of Brownian Motion

The Theory of Relativity

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Binary Search: Underlying structureOn intuitionistic arithmetic

and number theory

Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity

A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics

An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's

Field Equations of Gravitation

Mechanical Intelligence

Mathematical Logic

On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle

On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies

On the General Molecular Theory of Heat

On the Theory of Brownian Motion

The Theory of Relativity

publications

author title year

varchar(30) varchar(255) int

Albert Einstein A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics 1903

Kurt Gödel An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation 1949

Albert Einstein Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity 1901

Alan Turing Mathematical Logic 2001

Alan Turing Mechanical Intelligence 1992

Kurt Gödel On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory 1933

Albert Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 1905

Albert Einstein On the General Molecular Theory of Heat 1904

Albert Einstein On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle 1907

Albert Einstein On the Theory of Brownian Motion 1906

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity 1911

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Binary Search: Underlying structure

We have just built an

index

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Binary Search: Underlying structure

CREATE INDEX ByTitleON publications(title)

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B-Trees

(c) Wikipedia Commons, Cyhawk

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103

Index creation: prefix indices are implied

103

CREATE INDEX I1ON table(foo, bar, foobar)

CREATE INDEX I1ON table(foo)

CREATE INDEX I1ON table(foo, bar)

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104

Why? In the B-Tree, prefixes are "together"

104

1 2

3

4 5

6

7 8 9

1

2 3 4

5

6 7

8

9 1

2

3 4 5

6

7 8

9

Range index on:1. color2. number

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105

Hash indices

105

1

2

3

4

greenH

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106

Using an index

CREATE INDEX ByTitleON publications(title)

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107

Using an index

CREATE INDEX ByTitleON publications(title)

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'Mathematical Logic'

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108

Using an index

CREATE INDEX ByTitleON publications(title)

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'Mathematical Logic'

This query will take very little time!

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109

Using an index

CREATE INDEX ByTitleON publications(title)

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'The Theory of Relativity'

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110

Using an index

CREATE INDEX ByTitleON publications(title)

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'The Theory of Relativity'

This one as well!

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111

Using an index

CREATE INDEX ByYearAndTitleON publications(year, title)

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE year > 1905

AND title = 'The Theory of Relativity'

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112

Using an index

CREATE INDEX ByYearAndTitleON publications(year, title)

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE year > 1905

AND title = 'The Theory of Relativity'This one as well!

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113

Using an index

CREATE INDEX ByYearAndTitleON publications(year, title)

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'The Theory of Relativity'

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114

Using an index

CREATE INDEX ByYearAndTitleON publications(year, title)

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE title = 'The Theory of Relativity'

Not this one! (why?)

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115

Using an index

CREATE INDEX ByYearAndTitleON publications(year, title)

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE year > 1905

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116

Using an index

CREATE INDEX ByYearAndTitleON publications(year, title)

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE year > 1905

This one will be fast.

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117

Using an index

CREATE INDEX ByYearAndTitleON publications(year, title)

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE year > 1905 AND author = 'Albert Einstein'

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118

Using an index

CREATE INDEX ByYearAndTitleON publications(year, title)

SELECT *FROM publicationsWHERE year > 1905 AND author = 'Albert Einstein'

This one will be a bit faster, but not instant.

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119

Compromises to make

No index Index

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120

Compromises to make

No index Index

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121

Compromises to make

No index Index

Faster write

Slower read

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122

Compromises to make

No index Index

Faster write

Slower read

Slower write

Faster read

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123

Costs

One table.

Two indices: index 1 and index 2.

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124

Costs

One table.

Two indices: index 1 and index 2.

Insertion 1: Insertion into the indexed table.

Query 1: Query on the index table using index 1

Query 2: Query in the index table using index 2

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125

Costs

No index Only index 1 Only index 2 Indices 1 and 2Cost of I1Cost of Q1Cost of Q2Average

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126

Costs

No index Only index 1 Only index 2 Indices 1 and 2Cost of I1 2Cost of Q1 10Cost of Q2 10Average

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127

Costs

No index Only index 1 Only index 2 Indices 1 and 2Cost of I1 2 4Cost of Q1 10 2Cost of Q2 10 10Average

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128

Costs

No index Only index 1 Only index 2 Indices 1 and 2Cost of I1 2 4 4Cost of Q1 10 2 10Cost of Q2 10 10 2Average

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129

Costs

No index Only index 1 Only index 2 Indices 1 and 2Cost of I1 2 4 4 6Cost of Q1 10 2 10 2Cost of Q2 10 10 2 2Average

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130

Costs

No index Only index 1 Only index 2 Indices 1 and 2Cost of I1 2 4 4 6Cost of Q1 10 2 10 2Cost of Q2 10 10 2 2Average

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131

Costs

No index Only index 1 Only index 2 Indices 1 and 2Cost of I1 2 4 4 6Cost of Q1 10 2 10 2Cost of Q2 10 10 2 2Average

With many queries (say, 1000)a: percentage of Q1b: percentage of Q21-a-b: percentage of I1

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132

Costs

No index Only index 1 Only index 2 Indices 1 and 2Cost of I1 2 4 4 6Cost of Q1 10 2 10 2Cost of Q2 10 10 2 2Average

2 * (1-a-b) + 10*a+10*b With many queries (say, 1000)a: percentage of Q1b: percentage of Q21-a-b: percentage of I1

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133

Costs

No index Only index 1 Only index 2 Indices 1 and 2Cost of I1 2 4 4 6Cost of Q1 10 2 10 2Cost of Q2 10 10 2 2Average

2 * (1-a-b) + 10*a+10*b= 2 + 8a + 8b

With many queries (say, 1000)a: percentage of Q1b: percentage of Q21-a-b: percentage of I1

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134

Costs

No index Only index 1 Only index 2 Indices 1 and 2Cost of I1 2 4 4 6Cost of Q1 10 2 10 2Cost of Q2 10 10 2 2Average 2+8a+8b 4-2a+6b 4+6a-2b 6-4a-4b

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135

Costs

No index Only index 1 Only index 2 Indices 1 and 2Cost of I1 2 4 4 6Cost of Q1 10 2 10 2Cost of Q2 10 10 2 2Average 2+8a+8b 4-2a+6b 4+6a-2b 6-4a-4b

When will we prefer to have two indices to none?

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136

Costs

No index Only index 1 Only index 2 Indices 1 and 2Cost of I1 2 4 4 6Cost of Q1 10 2 10 2Cost of Q2 10 10 2 2Average 2+8a+8b 4-2a+6b 4+6a-2b 6-4a-4b

2+8a+8b > 6 – 4a – 4b

When will we prefer to have two indices to none?

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137

Costs

No index Only index 1 Only index 2 Indices 1 and 2Cost of I1 2 4 4 6Cost of Q1 10 2 10 2Cost of Q2 10 10 2 2Average 2+8a+8b 4-2a+6b 4+6a-2b 6-4a-4b

2+8a+8b > 6 – 4a – 4b

12a+12b > 4

When will we prefer to have two indices to none?

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138

Costs

No index Only index 1 Only index 2 Indices 1 and 2Cost of I1 2 4 4 6Cost of Q1 10 2 10 2Cost of Q2 10 10 2 2Average 2+8a+8b 4-2a+6b 4+6a-2b 6-4a-4b

2+8a+8b > 6 – 4a – 4b

12a+12b > 4

a+b > 33%

When will we prefer to have two indices to none?