giacomo deposit(peru) - a unique mineral occurrence of silicon dioxide (sio2) and titanium dioxide...
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Notforreproductionordistribution.Theinformationcontainedinthisdocumentisconfidential.
Giacomo Deposit General Report July2009
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Table of Contents 1. TheProject 31.1 History 31.2 TheConcession 41.3 Location 41.4 Accessibility 41.5 ZOFRATACNA 52. Minerals 62.1 Giacomo’sexceptionalcharacteristics 62.2 Mineralsamples 62.3 CertificateofAnalysis 82.4 ElectronMicrographsScanning 93. GiacomoProducts 103.1. ProspectiveGiacomoMineralStreamsandRespectiveMarketCategories 114. GiacomoinFigures 125. Investmentsandfieldadvancements 126. Peru:GeneralInformation 136.1 Surfacearea 136.2 Mineralandenergyresources 136.3 Politicalandlegalsystem 137. Conclusion 14
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1. The Project IntheSouthernPeruvianAndes,auniquemineraloccurrenceofSiliconDioxide(SiO2)andTitaniumDioxide(TiO2)existsnearthecityofTacna.ThisoccurrenceisknownastheGiacomoProject.Giacomoiscurrentlyestimatedtocontainaresourceofatleast100millionmetrictonnesofhigh‐gradeSiO2andTiO2mineralizationofextremelysmallparticlesize.Giacomoisreallymoreaptlydescribedasan“Occurrence”ratherthanaDeposit.Thewhiteoutcroppingsseenbelowareactuallythemineralsofinterest.Thefollowingpicturesrevealthepurityoftheunderlyingmaterial.
GiacomoDeposit
OutcroppingsdetailstakenfromdifferentpartsofGiacomo 10‐metrelongtunnel
1.1 History
Theminewasdiscovered10yearsagoandisownedbyasingleindividual.Theprojectstartedatthetimeofitsdiscovery,howeverbecauseoftheowner’sillhealthitwaspauseduntilnow.Theprojectislookingforcommercialdevelopmentagreements,toassigntherightsfortheexploitation,commercializationanddirectionoftheproject.Currentlythereisnoagreementwithanyutilitycompanyoraspecificcustomer.Thedeposithasneverbeenexploitedandhasbeenpreservedinthestateoriginallyfound,exceptforanalysis‐orientedexcavations.However,duetothedeposit’scharacteristicsaswellasmadeinvestments;itiscurrentlyreadytogeneratecashflow.
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1.2 The Concession
GiacomoandGiacomoAbuelominingconcessionsarebothpartoftheGiacomoProjectandhaveatotalareaof900hectares(2,223acres).Themapbelowshowshowthedepositlaidout.
GiacomoConcession
1.3 Location
TheGiacomoDepositislocatedintheSouthofPeru,inthedistrictofEstiqueintheprovinceofTarata,intheTacnaregion.Estiqueisapproximately60kilometresnortheastoftheCityofTacna.TheconcessionisonthewesternfoothillsoftheBarroso’sMountainChainatanaveragealtitudeof4,500MASL.
1.4 Accessibility
Animprovedasphalthighwayspansabout70%ofthedistancefromtheCityofTacnatoGiacomo,whileanunpavedroadcoverstheremaining30%ofthedistance.
LENGTH ROAD TYPE DISTANCE
Tacna–EstiquePampa WideAsphaltedroad 72kmEstiquePampa–Talabaya WideUnpavedroad 15km(aprox.)Talabaya‐Concession Gravelroad 15km(aprox.)
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FromTacna,GiacomoMaterialcanbeshippedworldwide:• A56kmrailheadexistsbetweenTacnaandthedeepwaterAricaSeaport(Chile).• PeruvianPan‐AmericanHighwayrunsdirectlyfromTacnatoIloandArica’sSeaports.
ItisimportanttonotethatPeruvianfreightoriginatinginTacnaisnotrequiredtopassthroughChileanCustomstoaccessthePortofAricaasthecityofTacnaresidesina“free‐tradezone”withAricaset‐upbythePeruvianandChileangovernmentsaspartofapreviousborderdisputesettlement.
1.5 ZOFRATACNA
Law27688publishedinMarch2002createdZOFRATACNA(TacnaFreeandCommercialZone),whichsupersedetheCETICOSregime,grantingsimilarbenefitsasthelatter.Exportation,Transformation,Industry,TradeandServiceCentres(CETICOS)aregeographicalareas,dulydelineated,whicharedestinedtogenerateeconomicdevelopmentpolesinsouthernandnorthernPeru.Theactivitiesthatmaybeperformedwithinthosecentresinclude:repairservices,merchandisereconditioning,modification,mixing,packing,transformation,distribution,andstorage,amongothers.EnterprisesestablishedwithintheZOFRATACNAandexportingatleast92%oftheirproductionwillbeexemptuntilDecember31,2012fromincometax,VAT,excisetax,MunicipalPromotionTax,ExtraordinarySolidarityTax,customduties,andanyothertaxrequiringanexpressexemption.
AricaSeaport
IloSeaport
Giacomodeposit
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2. Minerals ThemineralsfoundareSiliconDioxideandTitaniumDioxidewhichareinunusualconcentrationsthatvaryincontentandareapproximatelyupto93%SiO2andupto6%TiO2insmallanduniformnaturalparticlesizesthatrangebetween1to3microns.ThesematerialsareperfectforHighTechapplicationslikesemiconductorschips,solarpanelsandmedicalapplicationsandfurtherthat;bothareessentialproductsusedworldwideinpaint,plasticaswellasseveralotherproducts.
2.1 Giacomo’s exceptional characteristics
Giacomoisavirginsite,suigenerisintheminingworlddueto4unusualfeaturesthathelpreducethecostsofextractionandconsequentlytheamountofinvestmenttostartupinasignificantway:1. Theminerals,intheirnaturalstate,arefoundonthesurface;thusreducingextractioncostasthe
collectionfromthesoildoesnotrequireexcavationsorcomplextunnels.2. Theconcentrationofusefulmineralisonaverageof95%,whichtranslatesintolowercostsfor
primarypurification.3. TheSiO2andTiO2arefoundasfineparticles(powderinsteadofquartz),makingmicronization
andmillingprocesses,whichareparticularlycostly,unnecessary.4. TheSiO2andTiO2areheldtogetheronlybycohesion(mixedbutnotfused,eachparticleis
independent),allowingtoavoidrefiningcosts.
Thesefeaturesreduceoperatingcostsandthereforeincreasingprofits.
2.2 Mineral samples
AnindependentpreliminarygeologistsurveywasconductedoftheGiacomoConcessionin2001.Randommineralsamplesweretakenat29pointsovertheGiacomoConcession.
DepositNortheastFace
M‐3
M‐5 M‐2M‐1Tunnel
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ThepreliminaryGeologistreportindicatedthatGiacomocontainstwoprincipalmineralsofsignificantcommercialvalue.Theresultswerethefollowing:
SAMPLING AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Laboratory Analysis Sample
Number Sample Location
SiO2% TiO2% FEO3%
M‐1A CZZone‐Tunnel 84.28 10.88 0.22
M‐1B CZZone‐Tunnel 53.91 35.81 0.13
M‐1C CZZone‐Tunnel 82.62 13.10 0.14
M‐1D CZZone‐Tunnel 86.07 9.67 0.20
M‐1E CZZone‐Tunnel 87.67 7.47 0.22
M‐1F CZZone‐Tunnel 83.57 11.61 0.09
M‐1G CZZone‐Tunnel 66.05 25.46 0.13
M‐1H CZZone‐Tunnel 88.06 7.90 0.19
M‐1I CZZone‐Tunnel 85.54 10.29 0.12
DepositSouthwestFace
M‐7 M‐9
M‐10 M‐11 M‐12
M‐8 M‐17
M‐16 M‐15
M‐13 M‐17
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M‐1J CZZone‐Tunnel 89.58 3.14 0.20
M‐1K CZZone‐Tunnel 90.11 5.71 0.20
M‐2 CZZone 94.83 3.40 1.18
M‐3 CZZone 85.11 2.81 2.25
M‐4 CZZone 97.82 1.18 2.93
M‐5 CZZone 93.98 5.60 2.20
M‐6 CZZone 91.78 1.51 6.05
M‐7 CAMPZone 62.11 1.12 6.69
M‐8 CAMPZone 77.66 2.08 4.38
M‐9 CAMPZone 79.53 2.67 3.08
M‐10 CAMPZone 99.49 0.70 2.16
M‐11 CAMPZone 98.70 2.39 0.33
M‐12 CAMPZone 93.46 3.18 4.40
M‐13 CAMPZone 95.03 3.58 1.81
M‐14 CAMPZone 91.28 4.28 1.70
M‐15 CAMPZone 89.02 3.85 1.98
M‐16 CAMPZone 96.76 4.07 0.84
M‐17 CAMPZone 90.40 3.28 0.95
M‐18 CAMPZone 87.20 2.73 0.88
M‐19 CAMPZone 80.64 2.59 0.82
Mean(Avg.) 86.63 6.63 1.60
SOURCE:PreliminaryGeologicStudyandReserveComputationforResourcesandPotentialsintheMiningLeasesGiacomoandGiacomoAbuelo,January2001
2.3 Certificate of Analysis
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2.4 Electron Micrographs Scanning
ThelargercrystalsareallTiO2,andthefinematerialaroundthecrystalismostlySiO2.TheTiO2crystalsareupto10micrometresinsize,buttheSiO2isaveryfinepowder.
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3. Giacomo Products TiO2andSiO2arebothveryvaluablemineralsandbothusedextensivelyworldwideinabroadvarietyofconsumerproducts.WhilemostpeoplethinkofTitaniumasastrong,lightweightmetal,closeto97%ofTiO2isactuallyusedaspigmentinpaints,plasticsandpaper.Titaniummetalhasanumberofusefulphysicalpropertiesandveryresistanttocorrosion.Itisfirm,hasahighmeltingtemperatureandislightweight.Itsstrengthissimilartosteel,butitis45%lighter.Titaniumalloyscanbetwiceasstrongasaluminiumalloys.Itiscompatiblewiththehumanbodyandisoftenusedinsurgicalinstrumentsandmedicalimplants.Titaniumistheonlyelementthatwillburninapurenitrogenatmosphere.SiO2isusedinthemanufactureofspecialsteelsaswellascastiron,aluminiumalloys,glassandrefractorymaterials,ceramics,abrasives,waterfiltration,hydrauliccementcomponent,fillerincosmetics,pharmaceuticals,paper,insecticides,rubberreinforcingagent‐especiallyforhighadhesiontotextiles,anti‐cakingagentinfoods,flattingagentinpaintsandasathermalinsulator.Fusedsilicaisusedasanablativematerialinrocketengines,spacecraft;finally,silicafibresareoftenusedinreinforcedplastics.PricesofbothTiO2andSiO2historicallyaveragearound$1perpound,withmorevariationbeingexperiencedwithSiO2,duetoitsmanyformsandgreaternumberofapplicationsinendproducts.• MicrocrystallineSilicaforPaintsWithonlyaminimalamountofWetSeparationProcessing,GiacomoSiO2canbemarketedasaPigmentExtenderforExteriorGradePaintsforaround$500pertonne.Paintmakerstypicallyuseabout1pound(0.45kg)ofMicrocrystallineSilicaineachcanofexteriorpaint.Furthermore,companieswhosellMicrocrystallineSilicamustengageinacostlyandlowyieldmillingandgrindingphasetoobtainparticlesizesofaround5microns(e.g.5millionthsofameter)whereas,Giacomomaterialexhibitsthissmallparticlesizeinitsnaturalstate.ThisleadsustobelievethatapositionofCostLeaderforthismarketiscompletelyattainable.• HighPuritySilicaDuetoitsinherentsmallparticlesizeandpurity,GiacomoSiO2maybesuitableasaFeedstockforHighTechOpticsthatcansellforashighas$5,000pertonne.Whilethisisasmallermarketfromausageperspective,itisveryattractivesinceGiacomoSiO2canbemadesuitableforthisthroughtheuseofhighpurityrinsing.• SpecialtySilicaChemicalsAgreatdealofSiO2isusedtomake“AmorphousSilica”butthisSiO2mustfirstundergosomechemicalprocessingtocreatecompoundscalled“precursors”.TheseprecursorcompoundscanbemadefromGiacomo’sSiO2withanincreasedlevelofprocessing,andmayallowenteringintotheAmorphousSilicamarketinashortterm,intermediatefashion.Thesematerialscommandpricesfrom$2,000to$5,000pertonne.• TitaniumDioxidePigmentsMoreresearchneedstobemadeonthistopictoconfirmthatalow‐cost,efficientAdvancedSeparationtechniquecanbeperfectedtoremovetheTiO2fromtheSiO2,andthentheTitaniumDioxidemaybesalableasapigmentand/oropacifier.TitaniumDioxidepigmentiswortharound$2,000pertonne.
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3.1. Prospective Giacomo Mineral Streams and Respective Market Categories
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4. Giacomo in Figures ThecommercialvalueoftheSiO2andTiO2isaround$300to$500permetrictonsasrawmaterial;therefinedproductcanbeworth4to5timesthatamount.Assumingaconservativevolumeof20millionmetrictons,Giacomocouldshowapotentialvalueofabout10BB.Whilereservesarestillbeingestablished,thereisevidencetosaythatthereservoircontainsatleast100millionmetrictons.Theampledepositreservescanbeusedfordifferentpurposeseitherbysellingcrude,refinedorprocessedinmanywayssincetheSiliconandTitaniumareusedasfeedstockforavastvarietyofindustries.Asforpre‐operativeinvestment,theinitialfigureadvisedisof$5,000,000tobeginadailyextractionbetween100and300tonsore.Thesewouldbeinvestedmainlytoimprovethe15kmofgravelroadfromTalabayatotheConcession,sinceitisanemergencyroad.Additionalinvestmentof$15,000,000wouldbeneededtobuildacomplementaryroadinordertoincreasethecapacityofextractionnumeroustimes.Currently,Giacomohaslicensetoextract365.000tonsperyearwithinalegalframeworkasitisdefinedasaSmallProducerMiner.Ifnecessary,arequestfortheincreaseofthisamountcanbemade,evenforanindefinitequantity.Studiesofprocessingandrefiningformineralsareatthismomentpending.Nevertheless,thefirststepshavealreadybeenmadeandtheseindicatethatSiO2andTiO2arenotbondedtogetherandthatitispossibletouseasimplecyclonictechniquetoextractsignificantquantitiesofverypureSiO2.
5. Investments and field advancements Theownerandhisfamilyhavefundedtheproject;sofarthetotalinvestmentamountisnearly$10,000,000.Themainadvancementsistheprojectarethefollowing:a. AspecificCustomsClearanceNumber2508.40.00.00fortheMineralswascreatedin1998.Itis
importanttohighlightthatthematerialisregisteredasauniqueproduct,whichdoesnothaveaspecificnameinPeruasithasnoprecedentsinthecountry.
b. ResourceswereinvestedandboostedatCentralaswellasRegionalgovernmentstobuildtheNationalHighwayTacna‐Tarata,partlyusedatthismoment,toaccessthesite.Inthesameway,theculminationofnegotiationswasboostedsothatthefreePeruvianPortoperationsinArica(Chile)andtherailwaylinkingthecitiesofAricaandTacnacameintoforce.
c. Anemergencyroadof15km(approx)oflengthhasbeenbuilttoreachthedepositinoff‐roadvehicles.
d. In2003,thePeruvianDepartmentofTransportandCommunicationsapprovedaprojectinordertodevelopanexclusiveroadfordeDeposit.
e. Anapplicationforelectricitysupplyhasbeenapproved;thiswillsupportinitialoperationsofthereservoir.
f. AninitialenvironmentalimpactstudywaspresentedtotheDepartmentofEnergyandMining;neverthelessitwasdecidedtoendthisprocessinordertoapplyatDIA(EnvironmentalImpactDeclaration)torecoursemorebenefits.
g. Theownerpossessland,withmorethanthree(3)hectareslocatedonthesouthernsideofthecityofTacnaneartheraillineTacna‐Arica,thatcomesdirectlytothePeruvianportintheChileanterritory.Thislandcanserveasafuturedeposit.
h. Thedeposithasundergoneexcavation,thesameasgeologicalandlaboratoryteststhatprovetheclaimdescribedintheinitialPDFdocumentandthispresentation.
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6. Peru: General Information1
6.1 Surface area
Withanareaof1,285,215squarekm(496,222sqmi),Peruisthethird‐largestcountryinSouthAmericaafterBrazilandArgentina,rankingamongsttheworld’s20largestnations.Itholdsswayovertheseaupto200milesfromthePeruviancoastandhasterritorialrightstoanareaof60millionhectaresintheAntarctic.LimaisthecapitalofPeru.Peruisdividedintothreemajorregions;itsgeographyvariesfromthearidplainsofthePacificcoasttothepeaksoftheAndesMountainsandthetropicalforestsoftheAmazonBasin.6.2 Mineral and energy resources
Peruisthe1stproducerofgold,silver,zinc,tin,andleadinLatinAmericaand2ndproducerofcopperandmolybdenum.Almostallthelargetransnationalminingcompaniesoperateinthecountry.Severalcompanies,belongingtodifferenteconomicalgroups,provideelectricalsupply.ThelargestisEdegel(Endesa),followedbyElectroperú(state‐ownedcompany).ThemainvarietyofelectricalgenerationinPeruishydroelectric,althoughnaturalgasisbeingusedinanincreasingmannerinrecentyears.Thisisbecausesince2004,naturalgasfromCamiseaisavailableinLima.6.3 Political and legal system
PeruisademocraticrepublicdividedintoLegislative,ExecutiveandJudicialpowers.ThepresidentandmembersofCongressareelectedeveryfiveyearsbyuniversalsuffrage.ThecurrentconstitutionalpresidentofPeruisAlanGarciaPerez(2006‐2011).Peruoffersafavourablelegalframeworkforforeigninvestment• Non‐discriminatorytreatment.• Unrestrictiveaccesstomosteconomicsectors.• Noperformancerequirements.• Freetransferofcapital.• Freecompetition.• Guaranteeforprivateproperty.• Freedomtopurchasestocksfromlocals.• Freedomtoaccessinternalandexternalcredit.• Freedomtopayroyalties.• NetworkofinvestmentagreementsandmemberofICSIDandMIGA.
1Source:PriceWaterhouseCooper
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7. Conclusion TheGiacomoProjectrepresentsanexcellent“ground‐floor”investmentopportunitythatisuniqueintheworldofIndustrialMineralsasitentailstwomineralsofsignificantvalue.AtGiacomo,TiO2andSiO2existtogetherinanaturalstate,onethatisverydesirableforinclusionintoconsumerproducts.Insomeinstances,thesemineralsareappropriateforinclusionintointermediatechemicalsthatareusedtomakeconsumerproducts.Inotherinstances,thesemineralsaresuitablefordirectinclusionintoconsumerendproductswithaminimalamountofprocessingrelativetothatrequiredbycompetitorstoachievealevelofpurityandparticlesizeonparwiththatfoundnaturallyatGiacomo.Inthesecases,GiacomomaterialmaybeabletoenterthemarketasaPriceLeader,whichshouldenhanceearlyCashFlowasthecompanygoesforth.
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Thanks