Gim Przymierza Rodzin class IPe –Extreme events on

the earth

FLOODS

WHERE ARE THERE FLOODS IN THE WORLD?

• Huge floods occur in China, India, Bangladesh Missisippi Valley.

• In Poland most floods occur near Wisla and Odra.

WHAT SHOULD YOU DO DURING A FLOOD?

• Constantly listen to the radio to get information about the level of the floods.

• Maintain constant readiness to evacuate.• Don’t panic!• Carefully use bridges and roads.• Don’t drink and eat food that has been in contact with

flood water.

EFFECTS OF FLOODS:

• Destroyed houses and farms.• Death of animals and people.

WHAT CAUSES FLOODING?

• Heavy rain• Damming of the river by ice jams or landslides.• Tsunami• Backwater

THE BIGGEST FLOODS IN POLAND:

• 1934r. - The flood covered the Dunajec river basin, Raby, part of the basin Wisłoka and Skawa

• 1990r. – Flood millennium• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XkhTuToYvls

Volcanoes

CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF VOLCANIC EXPLOSIONS

• Reasons:• - Magma clogs the mouth

of all possible opennings.• - Strong pressure gas.• - Borehole.

• Effects:• - A very large debris.• - Runoff and mudslides.• - Huge boilers.

Where they exist in the world• Volcanoes are on the limits of lithospheric plates in places

where the oceanic plate pushes under the continental one.• For example, on the western coast of the Americas (Cordillera and the Andes), the east coast of Asia.

Ring of fire

• Zone of frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions that surrounds the Pacific Ocean.

Is there a risk of volcano erruption in Poland?

• In Poland we have some volcanos but happily they are not active.

• The highest Polish volcano is called Ostrzyca Proboszczowicka and has a height of 501 meters.

• There are no volcanos which are threatening us.

What should you do during an eruption?

• Do not panic!• Lock the doors and windows.• Put wet towels under the doors.• Hide your sensitive electrical equipment.• Do not use the phone.• Put on a mask, hold a handkerchief or other material

on the nose and mouth, and always wear safety goggles.

Parts of a volcano

Famous Volcanos

Vesuvius

Hekla

Etna

Earthquakes

R EASO N S FO R EARTH Q U AKES

• An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another. The location below the earth’s surface where the earthquake starts is called the hypocenter, and the location directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter.

V O L C A N IC E R U P T IO N SVolcan ic erup tions and M O V E M E N T O F M A G M A cause earthquakes.

FA L L IN G M E T E O R IT E S :W hile falling , m eteorites strike E arth in g reat fo rce, w hich can resu lt in earthquakes .

CAUSES OF EARTHQUAKES

HUMAN ACTIVITY:Earthquakes are also caused by human activity: subsidence through mining activites, shock caused by explosions (bombs), building big artificial water reservoirs which affect balance of rock masses.

The occurrence of earthquakes

• California along the San Andreas fault.• There are also earthquake for instance in Scandinavia.• Frequent earthquakes occur in the Pacific Ring of

Fire.

• Cracks and scratches on the surface of the earth• The slots (sometimes depth of up to several meters)• Ground faults ("cutting" the form of the hill on falling rows of

blocks of rock)• Horizontal movement along the fault• Raising the coast and the creation of a cliff (as a result of, or

actual raising the coast, or dropping the bottom of the water• Separating the coast of the mainland, and the creation of

shallow• Dome-shaped lake (caused by disorders of groundwater)

Effects of Earthquakes

Protection

The fastest protection is a table or door jamb.

•Skyscrapers are protected by sphere equivalent.

•The first shelters for students were buit in Jerusalem.

Photos

Earthquake in Japan

Earthquake in Japan

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_wkpXkoXms

TSUNAMI

Tsunami

Where do tsunamies occur?

Reasons why a tsunami occurs:

• Underwater earthquakes• Underwater vulcano eruption • Landslide rock mass

Could a tsunami be predicted ?

• Yes but it is very hard.• Radars can alert people before tsunami. With their

help, we can see the power and height of a tsunami.

Effects

• Destruction of cities• Death of people and animals• Contamination • Epidemics

How to protect yourself from a tsunami?

• Making a new system of warnings from a tsunami.

• Building breakwaters.

Short animation

Other animation: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SlwZzbGh7Cw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ITsllTHZ-D8&feature=em-upload_owner

Cyclone

A Cyclone• What is a cyclone?• How does a cyclone occur?• Where do cyclones occur?• What are the effects of a cyclone?• How to protect yourself?

What is a cyclone?

• A cyclone is an area of rotating winds that occurs on the ocean.

• It occurs on the ocean and sometimes moves onto the land.

• It looks like a tornado.

How does a cyclone occur?

For an cyclone to occur there have to be special condition:• The water has to be 26,5°C• Temperature and humidity should correspond to the

development of storm clouds.• The distance from the equater should be at least

500km.

Then the strom clouds meet with hot air and the pressure becomes very high and the air begins to move spiral.

Where do cyclones occur?

Cyclones occur near the equator and the tropics. They occur on the ocean but quickly move on to land.

Cyclones, rainfalls, floods

What are the effects of a cyclone?• Destruction of cities• Death of people and animals• Floods• Epidemics• Contamination

How to protect yourself?

When a cyclone hits you should:• Hide in the strongest part of the building like

the celler.• Turn off all electroical divices.• If the building is falling hide under a table or

in between the mattress.• If the cyclone hits during the time when you

are in your car stop the car and don’t get out.

Aftermath of cyclone Yasi

Interesting facts• Cyclones have names like Cyclone Julia.• A film about a cyclone in Miami:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DShp7d6yozY&feature=player_detailpage

Bibliography

• Floods:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood• Volcanoes:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano• Earthquakes:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake• Tsunami:

http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami• Cyclone:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclones