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Haifa seminar: "From a Grafted Vine to a Glass of Wine" - September 2013

G. Bigot, L. Bigot, A. Freccero, M. Stecchina, D. Mosetti, P. Sivilotti - Improving wine quality by fertigation Pinot gris case study 4-years fertigation trial results on Pinot gris in the D.O.C. Isonzo area at Tenimenti Angelini farm

Improving wine quality by fertigation Pinot gris case study

4-years fertigation trial results on Pinot gris in the D.O.C. Isonzo area at Tenimenti Angelini

farm (Gorizia province)

HAIFA University seminar «from the grafted vine to a glass of wine»Monday Sept 2nd -3rd 2013

Giovanni Bigot, Lorenzo Bigot, Alessandro Freccero,

Michele Stecchina, Davide Mosetti, Paolo Sivilotti

introduction 2

Characteristics of Pinot gris:

•low vigour•down-warding behaviour•compact clusters•good adaptation in different cultivation sites•good and constant yield

… but, more important, high profits!!



large diffusion in FVG, Veneto and Trentin;

difficult to find grapes with

«higher concentration, healthy and ripe»

that resulted in not excellent and

constant wine quality

3introduction

no fertilisation, low vigour, low yield resulted in

high alcohol, low acidity, evolved aromatics.

Thus less pleasant wines with in some cases

low duration during aging.

4introduction



Aim of the trial

Find out the best rootstock/clone combination

In order to match a precise enological and economical goal

towards the evaluation of the yield and qualitative performance of Pinot gris grafted on different rootstocks and subjected to selected fertilization treatments.

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Materials & Methods

6



Pinot gris in the Isonzo - Gorizia;

Year of planting: 2007

Variety: Pinot gris (clone R6)

Planting set up: 250 x 85 (4700 plants/he)

Total surface: 3,4 hectares

Training system : guyot

Soil: loam with prevalent coarse

7

texture m.u. mean notessand g/kg 498 Loam (USDA

texture reference)silt g/kg 403clay g/kg 99

vineyard characteristics

Soil analysis 8



Materials and methods 9

Experimental design

vineyard planted with 5 rootstocks: SO4, 140Ru, 110R, 3309, K5BB

big parcels of 6 rows for each roostock

10



Vineyard characteristics

North-South vineyard orientation

Fertigation set up adapted in order to control water supply singularly for each row.

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Fertilization treatments

3 fertilization treatments:

Traditional granular fertilization directly supply to the soilN:K 1:0.5

Fertigation with nitrogen-to-potassium ratioN:K 1:1

Fertigation with nitrogen-to-potassium ratioN:K 1:0.5

Treatments applied on two rows for each rootstock

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annual supply in fertilization units (Kg/ha) 3-years average

treatments N P2O5 K2O CaO MgO SO3

treat 1granular fertilizer N:K 1:0,5

72 30 43 0 5 152

treat 2 fertigation N:K 1:1

53 44 60 19 9 0

treat 3fertigation N:K 1:0,5

69 43 39 9 22 0

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Timings and modalities

Granular Two interventionso (post-harvest, pre-flowering)

fertigation ca 15 interventions

o (from budburst to post-harvest)

14



Nutrient application timing 15

16Nutrient application timing



17Nutrient application timing

Treatments 18



Experimental set up

The plots were randomly identified within each row, with a total of 4 plots per each combination treatment x rootstock. Every plot consisted of 5 plants.

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Impostazione della prova 20

SO4140Ru

110R 3309K5BB

Trea

t 1Tr

eat 2

Trea

t 3

Detail of experimental design with the indication of fertilization treats and rootstock disposition



NDVI

Tools for NDVI assessment

21

Detail fo sensors

4 wheeler with the tools mounted on

Parameters collected

Yield parametersYield / plant

Average cluster weight

Number of clusters

SanityDowny mildew, powdery mildew, rots and berry

moths

Physiological disorder berry shrivel, bunch stem necrosys

Sunburns

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Parameters collected

basic qualityTSS, titratable acidity, pH,

malic and tartaric acids, FAN

mineral nutrient consumptionN, P, K, Mg, S, Ca,

aromatic profiles (Data presented by Gaiotti F. on Sept 3rd)

23

Statistical analysis

The means were analysed through 3-ways ANOVA and for the significant values, means were separated using Student-Newman Keuls test (p<0.05).Main effectsoFertilisation treatment

oRootstock

oYear

interactionsoRootstock x Treatment

oTreatment x Year

oRootstock x Year

oRootstock x Treatment x Year

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Resultsmeteorologial data

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26METEOROLOGIAL SEASON COURSE

rain >5mm

2009 21,0 27,4 14,9 405,0 1681,0 4,2 18,0 62,0

2010 19,4 24,8 13,9 590,0 1432,0 2,4 33,0 33,0

2011 20,9 27,1 14,7 405,0 1671,0 4,1 16,0 38,0

2012 20,7 26,2 14,9 592,0 1660,0 2,8 32,0 58,0

Indice di Torridità

gg Tmax >30°C

Tmed Tmax Tmin ∑ rain ∑ T (base 10)



Resultsyield parameters

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MAIN EFFECTS ON YIELD PARAMETERS

Factor levels cluster weigth (g) cluster number Yield (kg/vine)

FERTILISATION granular fertilizer 133 a 16,0 b 9,91 bfertigation N:K 1:1 123 b 18,5 a 10,8 afertigation N:K 1:0,5 121 b 18,4 a 10,5 ab

sign. F 0,000 *** 0,000 *** 0,033 *

ROOTSTOCK K5BB 131 a 18,5 a 11,3 a3309 C 126 a 18,3 a 10,7 a110 R 126 a 17,6 ab 10,3 a140 Ru 116 b 16,6 b 9,17 bSO4 129 a 17,3 ab 10,4 a

Sign. F 0,001 ** 0,013 * 0,000 ***

YEAR 2010 149 a 17,6 12,4 a2011 141 b 17,6 11,6 a2012 87,0 c 17,8 7,29 b

Sign. F 0,000 *** 0,912 n.s. 0,000 ***



30YIELD (tons/hectare)



31Number of clusters

32Mean cluster weight (g)



33YIELD (tons/hectare)

34Mean cluster weight (g)



35INTERACTION EFFECTS ON YIELD

rootstock treatment yield (tons/he)

K5BB granular fertilizer 11,04

fertigation N:K 1:1 11,75

fertigation N:K 1:0,5 11,24

3309 C granular fertilizer 9,92



110 R granular fertilizer 9,30



140 Ru granular fertilizer 9,90



SO4 granular fertilizer 9,40



36MAIN EFFECTS ON NDVIFactor levels NDVI Pruning weight

FERTILISATION granular fertilizer 0,665 b 309fertigation N:K 1:1 0,695 a 338fertigation N:K 1:0,5 0,699 a 341

sign. F 0,000 *** 0,081 n.s.

ROOTSTOCK K5BB 0,687 341 b3309 C 0,690 296 c110 R 0,681 300 c140 Ru 0,697 382 aSO4 0,676 ---

Sign. F 0,076 n.s. 0,000 ***

YEAR 2010 0,690 a ---2011 0,670 b 354 a2012 0,699 a 305 b

Sign. F 0,000 *** 0,000 ***



37Normalised Difference Vegetation Index

Mappe tematiche NDVI

38

Valori indice NDVI suddivisi per classi



Resultsquality parameters at harvest

39

MAIN EFFECTS ON GRAPE MATURATION

Factor levels TSS (Brix) Titr. acidity (g/L) pH

FERTILISATION granular fertilizer 21,5 6,39 b 3,24 bfertigation N:K 1:1 21,4 6,52 a 3,28 afertigation N:K 1:0,5 21,5 6,53 ab 3,28 a

sign. F 0,751 n.s. 0,039 * 0,000 ***

ROOTSTOCK K5BB 21,2 b 6,39 ab 3,27 ab3309 C 21,6 ab 6,21 b 3,29 a110 R 21,2 b 6,47 ab 3,24 c140 Ru 21,9 a 6,70 a 3,27 abSO4 21,5 ab 6,41 ab 3,26 bc

Sign. F 0,010 * 0,026 * 0,000 ***

YEAR 2010 19,1 c 6,75 a 3,05 c2011 22,2 b 6,17 b 3,54 a2012 23,1 c 6,39 b 3,21 b

Sign. F 0,000 *** 0,000 *** 0,000 ***

40



41TITRATABLE ACIDITY (g/L)

42TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (Brix)



MAIN EFFECTS ON MUST PARAMETERS

Factor levels Malic acid (g/L) Tartaric acid (g/L) FAN (mg/L)

FERTILISATION granular fertilizer 3,09 b 6,23 b 131 cfertigation N:K 1:1 3,28 a 6,52 a 206 bfertigation N:K 1:0,5 3,22 a 6,64 a 231 a

sign. F 0,000 *** 0,000 *** 0,000 ***

ROOTSTOCK K5BB 2,73 b 6,41 ab 180 bc3309 C 2,96 ab 6,38 ab 198 ab110 R 2,60 b 6,63 a 173 c140 Ru 3,17 a 6,65 a 212 aSO4 2,85 ab 6,24 b 183 bc

Sign. F 0,010 * 0,002 ** 0,000 ***

YEAR 2010 2,55 b 6,62 b 223 a2011 4,49 a 6,90 a 156 c2012 1,54 c 5,87 c 188 b

Sign. F 0,000 *** 0,000 *** 0,000 ***

43

44MALIC ACID (g/L)



45TARTARIC ACID (g/L)

46FREE AMINO NITROGEN (mg/L)



Must quality parameters

rootstock treatment malic acid (mg/L)

tartaric acid (mg/L)

FAN (mg/L)

K5BB granular fertilizer 2,69 6,24 152fertigation N:K 1:1 2,87 6,37 192fertigation N:K 1:0,5 2,63 6,61 197

3309 C granular fertilizer 2,39 6,37 126fertigation N:K 1:1 3,29 6,23 226fertigation N:K 1:0,5 3,21 6,54 241

110 R granular fertilizer 1,84 6,35 106fertigation N:K 1:1 2,93 6,67 186fertigation N:K 1:0,5 3,03 6,88 227

140 Ru granular fertilizer 2,34 6,25 142fertigation N:K 1:1 3,16 6,95 229fertigation N:K 1:0,5 4,00 6,75 264

SO4 granular fertilizer 2,14 5,93 128fertigation N:K 1:1 3,18 6,38 195fertigation N:K 1:0,5 3,23 6,40 225

47

Resultsmineral nutrients

48



49MAIN EFFECTS ON MINERAL ELEMENTS

Factor levels N K Mg s.s

FERTILISATION granular fertilizer 0,51 c 0,93 0,057 a 22,5 afertigation N:K 1:1 0,63 b 0,99 0,055 b 21,9 bfertigation N:K 1:0,5 0,70 a 0,93 0,055 b 22,0 ab

sign. F 0,000 *** 0,085 n.s. 0,014 * 0,047 *

ROOTSTOCK K5BB 0,66 a 0,98 ab 0,055 b 21,4 b3309 C 0,60 bc 0,92 b 0,056 b 22,6 a110 R 0,57 c 0,86 c 0,055 b 22,4 a140 Ru 0,64 a 0,95 ab 0,063 a 22,5 aSO4 0,60 b 1,04 a 0,050 c 21,8 ab

Sign. F 0,000 *** 0,000 *** 0,000 *** 0,006 **

YEAR 2010 0,60 1,04 a 0,054 b 19,7 c2011 0,62 0,84 c 0,056 ab 24,3 a2012 0,61 0,96 b 0,057 a 22,4 b

Sign. F 0,539 n.s. 0,000 *** 0,001 ** 0,000 ***

50NITROGEN & POTASSIUM



51NITROGEN & POTASSIUM

52RECOVERY OF NITROGENFactor levels N

FERTILISATION granular fertilizer 15,9 cfertigation N:K 1:1 28,9 afertigation N:K 1:0,5 24,1 b

sign. F 0,000 ***

ROOTSTOCK K5BB 25,7 a3309 C 23,9 ab110 R 21,7 b140 Ru 21,4 bSO4 22,4 b

Sign. F 0,001 **

YEAR 2010 50,6 b2011 55,8 a2012 41,3 c

Sign. F 0,000 ***



Resultssanitary status

53

54MAIN EFFECTS ON SANITARY STATUS

Factor levels Botrytis c. Sour rot BSN sunburns

FERTILISATION granular fertilizer 2,50 0,54 b 0,06 a 0,78fertigation N:K 1:1 3,09 0,96 a 0,13 a 0,70fertigation N:K 1:0,5 2,77 0,96 a 0,00 b 0,87

sign. F 0,238 n.s. 0,006 ** 0,019 * 0,613 n.s.

ROOTSTOCK K5BB 2,25 0,88 b 0,04 ab 0,49 b3309 C 3,26 0,69 b 0,23 a 0,53 b110 R 2,63 0,58 bc 0,04 b 0,90 ab140 Ru 3,06 0,27 c 0,01 b 0,89 abSO4 2,73 1,68 a 0,00 b 1,09 a

Sign. F 0,259 n.s. 0,000 *** 0,004 ** 0,001 **

YEAR 2010 4,25 a 0,17 b 0,00 b 0,05 c2011 4,12 a 2,29 a 0,17 a 0,79 b2012 0,00 b 0,00 c 0,03 b 1,51 a

Sign. F 0,000 *** 0,000 *** 0,000 *** 0,000 ***



Resultsmoney profits

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56MAIN EFFECTS ON PROFITS

Factor levels total profit net profit 5 € bottle

FERTILISATION granular fertilizer 6545 b 6349 47753 bfertigation N:K 1:1 7093 a 6726 53400 afertigation N:K 1:0,5 6904 ab 6467 53314 a

sign. F ,031* 0,185 ,001*

ROOTSTOCK K5BB 7332 a 6999 a 56254 a3309 C 7158 a 6824 a 53048 a110 R 6760 a 6427 a 50941 a140 Ru 6183 b 5849 b 45357 bSO4 6803 ab 6470 ab 51846 a

Sign. F ,000* ,000* ,000*

YEAR 2010 6955 b 6650 b 62799 a2011 7867 a 7512 a 57933 b2012 5270 c 5378 c 33735 c

Sign. F 0,000* 0,000* 0,000*



CONCLUSIONS

Fertigation allowed to:

Increase number of clusters (yield);

Higher malic and tartaric acids;

More abundant FAN;

Higher 50% recovery of nitrogen;

Significant increase of profits

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giovanni bigot - infowine.com · g. bigot, l. bigot, a. freccero, m. stecchina, d. mosetti, p....

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