APPLICATION OF GIS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

Geographic Information Technologies• Global Positioning Systems (GPS) A system of earth orbiting satellites

which provides precise location on the earth’s surface in lat/long co-ordinates.

11 hours 58 mins- Orbital period24 hour 3D coverage worldwide.

• Remote Sensing (RS)It is acquisition of information about

an object or phenomenon without making physical contact with the object.

GPS: WHAT IS ITThe Global Positioning System (GPS) is a

space-based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites.

 The system provides critical capabilities to military, civil and commercial users around the world. It is maintained by the United States government and is freely accessible to anyone with a GPS receiver.

GIS : WHAT IS IT

GISComputer-based TechnologyDesigned with software, hardware,

data, procedure,Network and live ware.Storage, retrieval, mapping and

analysis of Geographic data.Data is stored in coordinate form.Layered together for mapping

analysis.

HOW DOES GIS WORK

Location Where are particular feature

found?Patterns

What geographical patterns exist? Trends

Where have changes occurred over given period?

Conditions Where do certain conditions

apply?

GIS are designed to answer thefollowings:

Data, Information, Knowledge, Intelligence• Data: Collection of facts/figures that pertain to places,

people, things, events, and concepts.• Information: Data transferred – through processes.

GIS Data

Hardcopy Maps Digital Data

GPSCo-ordinates

Data and Analysis

Geography

Attributes

Behavior

Rules:Streets andhighways may notintersect

Components of Geographic

Data

• Data is organized by layers. • Layers are integrated using explicit location on the earth’s surface, thus geographic location is the organizing principle.

The GIS Data Model : Implementation Geographic Integration of

Information

Transportation Watershed Analysis Environment Impact

Assessment Remote Sensing Urban DevelopmentTarget Site Selection Landfill Site Selection Mineral mapping Pollution Monitoring Natural Hazard

Assessment Resource Management

CIVIL ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS

Planning• Involves surveys, review of exiting infrastructure.• GIS- integrates, manage, analyze and visualize the wide range

of data sets.Design• GIS- data management tools to manage and share data

between GIS and CAD soln.Maintenance• Detailed understanding of the location of assets for transport

infrastructure.Information• Up to date information systems for travellers.• The wide choice of travel options require true multi-modal

solutions.

• METRO projects.• Airlines or road transport-detailed information-Bus no, route,

timings etc.• Disaster responses-advance warning.• Planning and locating- railway corridors

Finding a subset of locations from a set of potential-minimizing cost

• Customer or demand locations.• Potential site locations and/or existing facilities.• Street network or Euclidean distance.

GIS in Transportation Engineering

Location-Allocation

Location-Allocation Inputs & output

Transport applications

INITIAL CONFIGURATION

AVAILABLE SITES

CHOOSEN SITES

VEHICLE ROUTING

GIS map water resources and link them to a database Planners/Engineers link their modelling system to the GIS-tie

to attribute data. Data – land use & land cover, geology, soils, hydrography &

topography. Project represented in 3-D form-the impact of facilities on

landscape-design process

Estimate the magnitude of high-flow events, the probability of low-flow events.

Determine flood zones. Identify high-potential erosion areas. Derive physical characteristics area, perimeter, soil data etc.

Watershed Analysis

Flood Modelling

Environmental ImpactAssessment for a newConstruction project , pollution monitoring.

Environmental MonitoringUndertaken if all available data is utilized effectively

GIS-Ideal solutions

GIS visualize all available

info.

Applications of GPSThis system gives us the accurate geographic

position required for land surveying.It is used for navigation purposes in

Aircraft,Ships,Submarines etc.It is now exceedingly used to locate the enemy

targets and subsequently hitting them by GPS information guided missiles.

For public use simpler version are available for locating the vehicles, the individuals and the parties, in hicking and mountaineering expeditions and other number of applications.

Advantages of GPSThis system is fast replacing with

conventional methods of surveying like Triangulation, Traversing etc.

It no longer requires the inter-visibility of station points. The conventional techniques are still required for detail surveying.

The horizontal and vertical control can easily be established with the help of GPS

With increasingly complex projects, GIS provides the

civil engineers with tools for Creating , managing , analysing and visualizing all types of geographic information.

GIS education is expected to prepare individuals in the civil engineering profession

for the implementation of engineering projects/tasks with time- and money-saving approaches.

Some of the open ended limitations the high over head cost GPS/GIS soft wares and Hard wares

Conclusion

THANK YOU

ANY QUESTIONS ??

?