gis2-k3 icterus or jaundice
DESCRIPTION
ikterus jaundiceTRANSCRIPT
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ICTERUS OR JAUNDICE
Atan Baas Sinuhaji
Department of ChildHealthSchool of Medicine,University Of Sumatera Utara Medan
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JAUNDICE
YELLOW APPEARANCE OF THE SKIN & MUCOUS MEMBRANES
BILIRUBIN
BODY FLUIDS TISSUE
CHILDREN & ADULTS : > 2-3 mg %NEONATES : > 5 mg %
YELLOWNESS OF THE SKIN/PALMS
JAUNDICE ≠ CAROTENEMIA
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BILIRUBIN
UNCONJUGATED
CONJUGATED
FREE
ALBUMIN
FAT
FREE
ALBUMIN(DELTA)
WATER
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Hb
RES
TRANSPORT ALBUMIN
LIVER UPTAKE
CONJUGATION
SECRETION
GLUCORONYL TRANSFERASE
GLUCURONICACID
ADULTS
GUT
INFANTS
BILIRUBIN METABOLISM
B. Glucuro-nidase
Bilinogen
Bacteria
Urine Stools
Urobilin Stercobilin
LIGANDIN
DECONJUGATION
STOOLS
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UNCONJUGATED HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA
1. INCREASED PRODUCTION
- Hemolysis
- Hematoma
- Drugs: Vit. K
G6 PD def
Infection
Antagonism
2. DEFECT OF TRANSPORT ALBUMIN
Conc. : Premature
Capacity : Acidosis
Competitive : Sulfa, Free Fatty Acid
3. DECREASED UPTAKE
LIGANDIN : GILBERTS SYNDR.(Y – Z PROTEIN = GLUTHATHIONE – S – TRANSFERASE)
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4. DEFECT OF CONJUGATION
- GLUCORONYLTRANSFERASE
Conc. : Crigler Najjar Synd.
Block : Chloramphenicol
Activity : Infection, dehydration
- GLUCURONIC ACID
5. ENTEROHEPATIC CIRCULATION : - OBSTRUCTION- ANTIBIOTICS- BREAST MILK JAUNDICE
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Jaundice
HUMAN MILK
Breast milkBreast milk Breast FeedingBreast Feeding
AbnormalityAbnormality IntakeIntake
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CONSEQUENCES OF UNCONJUGATEDHYPERBILIRUBINEMIA
1. KERN ICTERUS = BILIRUBIN ENCEPHALOPATHY
2. CHOLESTASIS
3. UNDERLYNG - HEMOLYTIC- CHOLESTASIS
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CONJUGATED HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA
CHOLESTASISNON CHOLESTASIS
- ROTOR SYNDROME- DUBIN JOHNSON SYND.
DUCTS =OBSTRUCTIVE
HEPATOCYTE
INTRAHEPATIC
EXTRAHEPATIC
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Hepatocyte
canaliculi
terminal bileduct
intralobular bileduct
interlobular bileduct
septal bileduct
left hepatic
duct
right hepatic
duct
Common hepatic duct
Choledochal duct
duodenum
Pancreatic duct
Cystic duct
Intrahepatic
Extrahepatic
BILIARY TRACT
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CHOLESTASIS
STAGNATION/INTERFERENCE OF BILE FLOW
CONSEQUENCES
DEFECT OF CANALICULAR – BILE SECRETION
ACCUMULATION RETENTION IN
THE BLOOD
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BILE
Bile Salt bile acid cholesterol
Bilirubin Hb
electrolytes
phospholipid
protein
cholesterol
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HEPATOCYTE CHOLESTASIS
1. CHOLEPOEIESIS2. SECRETION3. CANALICULAR CONTRACTION
INTERFERENCES OF:INTERFERENCES OF:
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OBSTRUCTIVE CHOLESTASIS= DUCTS
1. Ducts EHBA (Extrahepatic Biliary Atresia)2. Inpissited bile3. Intrabilier pressure 4. Interferences of bile delivery
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INFECTION NON INFECTION
INFLAMMATION
EMBRYOGENESIS CHOLANGIOPATHIA INFANTILE OBSTR.
BILE DUCT ABNORMALITY
1. ATRESIA EHBA
2. HYPOPLASIA
3. PAUCITY
4. CYSTS
5. FIBROSIS
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OBSTRUCTION
PROXIMAL PRESS. ACCUMULATIONOF CHEMICAL
AGENT
INFECTION
SECRETION DAMAGE OF HEPATOCYTE
ISCHEMIC OF DUCTS WALL
“CHOLANGITIS”
SUPERSATURATION “HEPATITIS”
OBSTRUCTION
CONSEQUENCES OF OBSTRUCTIVE CHOLESTASIS
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CHOLESTASIS
HEPATOCYTE DUCTS
“HEPATITIS” “CHOLANGITIS”
+
“HEPATITIS”
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DIAGNOSIS CHOLESTASIS
- BILIRUBIN CONJ. > 2 mg %
- BILIRUBIN CONJ. > 20% TOTAL BILIRUBIN
- SERUM ASAM EMPEDU > 10 gr / L a 2 X N
USBA
(URINARY SULFATED BILE ACID) > 55 mol/gr creatinine
OROR
WITHWITH
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S I N U S O I D
HEPATOCYTE
DUCT
PARACELLULAR
TRANCELLULAR
SPACE OF DISSE
Central Vein
BOWEL
entero hepatic circulation
BILE ACID CIRCULATION
Portal Vein
HEPATIC ARTERY
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BILE ACID
HEPATOCYTE
ENTEROHEPATIC CIRC 95%
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CHOLESTASIS
BILE
FAT MALABSORPTION
* STEATORRHOEA* PCM* DEF. VIT. A HEMERALOPIA D RICKETS E NEUROMUSC. DEG K INTRACRANIAL
BLEEDING
RETENTION
ENTEROHEP. CIRC.
CHOLESTEROL XANTHOMAS
BILE ACID BILIARY CIRRHOSIS
TRACE ELEMEN CUPRUM
CONJ. BILIRUBIN ICTERUS
INPISSITED BILE
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CHOLESTASIS
NEONATES CHILDREN
- EHBA- INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS
- VIRAL HEPATITIS- MECHANICAL OBSTR. - INTRAHEPATICCHOLESTASIS
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EHBA
OPERATIVE
CORRECTABLE UNCORRECTABLE
PARTIAL ATRESIA TOTAL ATRESIA
KASAI OPERATION
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HEPATITIS
= INFLAMMATION OF HEPATOCYTE
ALT (ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE)= SGPT (SERUM GLUTAMATE PYRUVATE TRANSAMINASE)
2 x N
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HEPATITIS
INFECTION
VIRAL
BACTERIA
PARASITES
HEPATOTROPIC
NON HEPATOTROPIC
NONINFECTION
•DRUGS DRUG INDUCED HEP.
•TOXIN
•METABOLIC
•INFARCT
•Ag-Ab
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HEPATOTROPIC VIRAL
A HEP. INFEKSIOSA
B HEP. B
C HEP. C
D HEP. DELTA
E HEP. E
F ??
G HEP.G
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STADIUM
PRODROMAL
ICTERUS= FEVER(-)
RECOVERY
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VIRAL HEPATITIS
RECOVERY
PROGRESSIVE
ACUTE FULMINANT HEPATIC FAILURE
CHRONIC
CARRIER
CHRONIC HEP. (SGPT ≥ 6 MONTHS )
HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS
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VIRAL HEPATITIS
SYMPTOMATIC ASYMPTOMATIC
ICTERIC ANICTERIC
‘FLU LIKE’
SUBCLINICAL
BIOCHEMISTRY
INAPPARENT INFECTION
SEROLOGY
eg. IgM ANTI HAV (+)
HEPATITIS. A
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TREATMENT : 1.BED-REST2.WATER & ELECTROLYTES : PREVENTION OF DEHYDRATION 3.DIET : FAT ISN’T LIMITATED
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HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS
- FIBROSIS(+)
- NODULE (+)
LIVER DYSFUNCTION
HEPATIC FAILURE= HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY
PORTAL HYPERTENSION
HYPERSPLENISM
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CAUSES OF BLEEDING IN CIRRHOSIS
1. VIT. K DEFICIENCY
2. DEFECT OF SYNTHESIS CLOTTING FACTORS
3. RUPTURE OF ESOPHAGEAL VARICES
4. GASTROPATHY
5. ABNORMAL TROMBOCYTES
6. COAGULATION INHIBITOR
7. DIC (DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION)
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PORTAL HYPERTENSION
= PORTA VENOUS PRESSURE 12 mmHg HIGHER THAN THE PRESSURE IN THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA
VARICESASCITES SPLENOMEGALY
COLLATERAL VEINS
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SUP. MESENTERIC V. SPLENIC V.
PORTAL V.
RIGHT PORTAL V. LEFT PORTAL V.
HEPATIC VEIN
INFERIOR VENA CAVA
HEART
DIAGRAM OF PORTAL VENOUS
PANCREATICODUODENAL V.
CAPUT MEDUCAE
CORONARY V. ESOPH. VARICES
UMBILICAL V.
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PORTAL HYPERTENSION
INTRAHEPATIC
EXTRAHEPATIC
(50-70%)
PRE HEP
THROMBOSIS V.UMBILICALIS
POST HEP.
BUDD CHIARY SYNDR.
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INTRAHEPATIC
POST SINUSOIDAL
SINUSOIDAL
PRE SINUSOIDAL
TERMINAL
HEPATIC
VENULE
VENO OCCLUSIVE DISEASE
HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS
TERMINAL
PORTAL
VENULE
SCHISTOSOMIASIS
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BLEEDING IN PORTAL HYPERTENSION
INTRAHEPATIC EXTRAHEPATIC FREQUENCY > >>>
SEVERITY >>> >
LIFE EXPECTANCE > >>>
ASCITES >>> >
THE OTHER SIGNS
- JAUNDICE + -
- PALMAR ERYTHEMA + -
- VASCULAR SPIDER + -
- LIVER DYSFUNCTION + -