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Railway Group Standard

G W R T O ~ ~ 1 Issue One

Date January 1996

Lineside Signals and Indicators

Submitted by

............................................................ Philip Wiltshire Nominated Responsible Manager Synopsis

This standard defines the lineside visual equipment to be used for the signalling of trains. Approved by

............................................................ Robin Nelson Chairman, Train Control and Communications Subject Committee

This document is the property of Railtrack PLC. It shall not be reproduced in whole or in part without the written permission of the Controller, Safety Standards.

Approved by

.......................................m a . . . . . . 3 r . . . . . . . . . . .

Michael Harwood Chairman, Operational Standards Subject Committee

Published by Safety & ~tanclards Directorate Railtrack PLC Floor 2, Fitzroy House 355 Euston b a d London NW I 3AG

Authorised by

............................................................ John Mitchell Controller, Safety Standards Copyright 1996 Railtrack PLC

Signatures removed from electronic version

Withdrawn Document Uncontrolled When Printed

●.

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GIVRTO03I

Issue One

Lineside signals and Indicators Date ]anuaw 1996

Page I of 38

Contents

Section

Part A

Part B

1

2

3

4

5

Description Page

Issue record 2

Responsibilities and distribution 2

Compliance 2

Health and Safety Responsibilities 2

supply 2

Purpose

Scope

Definitions

Introduction

4. I Colour and Shape of Aspect and Indication Lights

4.2 Dimensional Tolerances

4.3 Appearance of Rear of Signalsand Indicators

4.4 Flashingl%pects and Indications

4.5 Eyesight Requirements for Tmin Drivers -

4.6 Equipment Performance Requirements

4.7 Speeds at which Aspects and Indications maybe

Considered Readable

Signalsand Indicators

5.1

5.2

5.3

5.4

5.5

5.6

5.7

5.8

5.9

5.10

5.11

5.12

5.13

5.14

5.15

5.16

5.17

5.18

5.19

5.20

5.2 I

5.22

5.23

Colour Light Signal

Colour Light Splitting Distant Signal

Co-Acting Signal

Banner Repeating Signal

Position Light Signal

Junction Indicator

Alphanumeric Route Indicator

Points Indicator (for Tmin Operated Points)

Level Crossing Indicator

Loading/Unloading Indicator

SPAD Indicator

SignalOff Indicator

Right Away Indicator

Close Doors indicator

Barriers Up Indicator

Stop Board

Distant Board

Semaphore Stop Signal

Semaphore Distant Signal

Semaphore Subsidiary Signal

Semaphore Shunting Signal

Buffer Stops on Signalled Routes

Rear of Signal Indications

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

4

4

7

7

7

9

13

15

17

[8

20

21

21

22

23

23

24

24

24

25

26

27

28

30

32

34

35

6 Permitted Associations of Aspects and Indications 36

7 References 38

RAIL TRACK I


Raihvav GrouD Standard,

GK/RToo3I

Issue One

Date January 1996

Paze 2 of 38

ILinesideSignals and indicators

Part A

kue recordThis standard will be updated when necessary by distribution of a complete

replacement.

Amended or additional parts of revised pages will be marked by a vertical

black line in the adjacent margin.

Issue Date Comments

I January 1996 Initial issue. Supersedes SSP2, GS/STOO03,

SSP4, SSP6 (Sections 5 and 8 only),

GS/STOO08,SSP 13, SSP15, SSP29, SSP44,

SSP45, SSP60,SSP63, SSP67, SSP82 and

JDPCOOI.

Responsibilitiesanddistribution

Controlled copies of this standard shall be complied with by all personnel who

are responsible for the specification, design, installation and testing of lineside

signalsand indicators.

Gm@ianceCompliance with this Railway Group Standard isrequired by6.4.96 for all new or

altered signaling designs. All new or altered installations shall be compliant by

not later than 1.8.96.

Retrospective action is required to make all colour light splitting distant signals

compliant with aspects set out in Section 5.2 by not later than 1.8.97.

When junction indicators are associated with position light subsidiary signals

reading into occupied platform lines, the risksshall be assessedto determine the

need for retrospective action.

Heaith and SafetyRespmsibiiities

In authorizing this Standard Railtrack PLC makes no warmnties, express or

implied, that compliance with all or any of Railway Group Standards is sufficient

on its own to ensure safe systems of work or opetation. Each user is reminded of

its own responsibilities to ensure health and safety at work and its individual

duties under health and safety legislation.

SuppiyControlled and uncontrolled copies of this standard must be obtained from The

Catalogue Secretary, Raikrack Safety & Standards Directorate, Floor 2, Fitzroy

House, 355 Euston Road, London, NW I 3AG.

Telephone 0035903 or 017 I 8305903 (BT)

Facsimile 0035776 or 017 I 8305776 (BT)

2 RAIL TRACK


Lineside Signals and indicators


GWRTO03I

Issue One

Date January 1996

Page 3 of 38

1 Purpose

2 scope

3 Definitions

This standard defines the Iineside visual equipment to be used for signaling of

trains in terms of appearance, information conveyed, application and

performance.

This standard deals with application matters only as regards the equipment to be

installed at a given signal location: it does not encompass aspect sequences nor

signalspacing. The manner in which the signalsand indicators are controlled and

monitored by other parts of the signaling system is not covered in this standard.

AXIS (OF SIGNAL OR INDICATOR): an imaginary straight line extending out

from the centre of the display, perpendicular to the plane of the surface of the

display.

STRAIGHTAHEAD ROUTE: the non-diverging, and genemllythe fastest, route

from a junction signal.

4 Introduction4. I Colour and Shape of Aspect and Indication LightsOnly the colours Red, Yellow, Green, White, Signal Red and Black, as defined in

GK/RTOO05 (Safety Related Colours of Signaling Equipment), shall be used for

aspects and indications.

Throughout this standard the term “light” (or “lights”) has been used when

describing the appearance of aspects and indications: unless stated otherwise,

such lights shall be circular in shape.

4.2 Dimensional TolerancesThe dimensions of stop boards, distant boards and semaphore signalsshall be as

defined in this standard, within the following tolerances:

+/- 2 mm for metric measurements;

+/- 0.125 inches for imperial measurements.

4.3 Appearance of Rear of Signals and IndicatorsWhere appropriate, the appearance of signals and indicators from the rear is

specified in this standard.

4.4 FlashingAspects and IndicationsWith the exception of the Level Crossing Indicator, all aspects and indications

which are required to flash shall do so at a frequency of 80 (* 10) flashes per

minute. In each cycle the time for which the display is illuminated shall equal the

time for which it is suppressed.

The Level Crossing Indicator shall flash at a frequency of 120 (A 6) flashes per

minute. In each cycle the display shall be illuminated for 25 milliseconds.

RAIL TRACK 3


Railwav GrouD Standard

Issue One

Date January 1996 Lineside Signals and indicatorsPage 4 of 38

4.5 Eyesight Requirements for Train DriversThe signals and indicators defined in this standard are intended to be read by

drivers meeting the eyesight requirements of Group Standard GO/RT3251

(Safety Requirements for Tmin Drivers).

4.6 Equipment Performance Requirements4.6. I GeneralThe key requirement for any signal or indicator is readability within a defined

3-dimensional space. For most signal and indicator types this is expressed in

terms of a requirement for a narrow beam readable tange, and a requirement

for wide angle readability at short range. In each case the summation of all such

requirements describes the space within which the signal shall be readable

when considering the application of signalsand indicators it shall be assumed that

they are not readable at any points outside this space. Note, however, that when

signals and indicators are installed at agiven location they need not necessarily be *

readable (or even visible) from all positions described in the performance

requirements - the requirements for sighting of signals at specific locations are

laid down in GK/RTO037 (Signal Sighting).

4.6.2 MountingSignals and indicators shall be rigidly mounted to ensure that they do not deflect

from their designed alignment under any reasonably foreseeable wind loading.

4.6.3 ReadabilityAll signalsand indicators shall be readable in clear conditions by day and by night,

at all points demanded by their equipment performance requirements. (Clear

conditions shall be taken to mean daylight visibility of 1000m or better, where

visibility is measured in accordance with recognised guide lines, such as those

contained in the British Meteorological Office Observer’s Handbook).

An aspect or indication shall only be considered “readable” at a given point if

persons meeting the eyesight requirements of Section 4.5, are satisfied that it is

so. The equipment approval process shall include confirmation of readability by

a representative sample of such persons. To allow for degradation in service, and

variations in power supply, equipment shall only be considered satisfactory m

when conducting approval tests, if it isreadable at a range 250/o greater than the

required range stated in the appropriate performance category definition.

The brightness levels of aspects and indications shall besuchthat where different

types may be associated, no one aspect or indication shall overpower another.

This condition shall be considered satisfied only when the performance

requirements of each aspect or indication can be met when displayed in

association with any legitimate combination of other aspects or indications.

The visual environment in which signalsand indicators are located, in particular

the background against which they are viewed and highly contrasting areas of

brightness and deep shadow on the approach, can have a significant effect on

readabili~.

In difficult visual environments additional measures such as large backboards and

extended hoods may be required to ensure readability under all conditions. An

individual signalor indicator will only be considered to meet the requirements of

this standard when it is readable under all local lighting conditions.o

4 RAIL TRACK


RaitwayGroup Standard

GK/RToo3I

Issue One

Lhmside Signa[s and Indicators Date January 1996

Page 5 of 38

4.6.4 Definitions of Performance Categories4.6.4. I Category 1- Long range

(a)

(b)

(c)

All aspects/indications shall be readable, at angles to the axis of up to 5”, at

distances up to 300 metres; and at anglesto the axis of up to 30 at distances

between 300 and 800 metres.

k shall be possible to configure the signal/indicator such that all its

aspects/indications remain readable as it is approached (along any line of

approach parallel to, and within a3 metre radius of, the axis), up to a point 2

metres on the approach side of the signal.

All lights of all aspects/indications displayed simultaneously shall appear to

be of equal intensity.

4.6.4.2 Category 2- Medium Range

(a) All aspedindicationsshall be readable, atanglestothe axisof upto 10°, at

distances up to 250 metres.

(b) Allaspects/indicationsshall be readable, atanglestotheaxisof upto45°,at


(c) All lights of all aspects/indications displayed simultaneously shall appear to

be of equal intensi~.

4.6.4.3 Category 3- Short Range

(a) All aspectdindicationss hall be readable, atanglestotheaxisof up to 10“, at


(b) Allaspects/indications shall rereadable, atanglestotheaxisof upto45” ,at


(c) All lights of all aspects shall appear to be of equal intensity.

4.6.4.4 Category 4- Semaphore

(a) Allaspects/indicationsshall be readable, at anglestotheaxisof up to 10°, at


(b) The aspects shall be readable, atanglestotheaxisof upto45”, at distances

up to 5 metres.

(c) Ail lights of all aspects shall appear to be of equal intensity.

,

RAIL TRACK 5



Issue One

Date January 1996 Uimside Signals and IndicatorsPage 6 of 38

4.6.5 Standard Performance Requirements for Signals and IndicatorsThe standard performance requirements for each type of signal and indicator

are defined in Table 1.

Signal/Indicator Standard Performance Requirements1

Colour Light Signal Category I (Long Range) or Category 2 (Medium Range) - see Note I

Colour Light Splitting Category I (Long Range) - see Note 1Distant Signal

Co-Acting Signal All signal/indicator types used in a co-acting application shall meet the standardperformance requirements for that signal/indicator type unless agreed otherwise by theSignal Sighting Committee.

Banner Repeating Signal Category 2 (Medium Range) or Category 3 (Short Range) - see Section 5.4.2(Application) for constraints on application.

Position Light Signal Category 3 (Short Range)

Junction Indicator Category I (Long Range)

Alphanumeric Route Category 2 (Medium Range) or Category 3 (Short Range) - see Section 5.7.2Indicator (Application) for constraints on application. Note that the Category 2 and 3 indicators

are referred to as Standard and Miniature Alphanumeric Route Indicators respectively.

Points Indicator (for Train Category 3 (Short Range)Operated Points)

Level Crossing Indicator Category I (Long Range)

Loading/Unloading Catego~ 3 (Short Range)Indicator

SPAD Indicator The indicator shall be capable of attmcting the drivers’ attention, by the action of beingilluminated, at distances up to 100 metres and at angles to the axis of up to 30°.Furthermore, it shall be capable of doing so when on the periphery of the drivers’ vision,and in an environment with other bright background lights.

Signal Off Indicator Category 3 (Short Range)

~ght Away (RA) Indicator Category 3 (Short Range)

Close Doors Indicator Category 3 (Short Range)

Barriers Up Indicator Categoty 3 (Short Range)

Stop Board Dimensions and reflectivity are specified (See Section 5.16. I )

Distant Board Category 2 (Medium Range)

Semaphore Stop Signal Category 4 (Semaphore)

Semaphone Distant Signal I Catego~4 (Semaphore)

Semaphore Subsidiary Category 4 (Semaphore)Signal

Semaphore Shunting Signal Category 3 (Short Range)

Buffer Stop Lights Catego~ 3 (Short tinge)1

Rear of Signal Indications Category 3 (short Range)

Table 1

.

0

I

Notes: I In the cases identified, an additional requirement is that where

multiple lights are displayed these shall be separately distinguishable as such

throughout the space defined by the performance category.

6 RAi LTRACK


IMway Group Standard

GIURTO03I

Issue One

Lineside signals and Indicators Date janua~ 1996

,, Page 7 of 38

4.7 Speeds at which Aspects and Indications may be ConsideredReadableThe maximum speed at which an aspect or indication may be considered

readable is determined by the available sighting distance, and the minimum

sighting time requirements defined in GK/RTO037 (Signal Sighting). The limits

defined in Sections 4.7. I to 4.7.4 are absolute maxima, based on the assumption

that thesightingdistance of theaspecthdication will be no lessthan the readable

range defined in the relevant Performance Category (see Section 4.6.3); in any

individual case it is necessary to consider the sighting distance which is actually

available.

4.7. I Performance Category I EquipmentAll equipment meeting the requirements of Performance Category I (see

Section 4.6.4), may be considered readable at speeds up to 125 mph.

4.7.2 Performance Category 2 EquipmentWith the exception of the Banner Repeating Signal, equipment which meets the

requirements of Performance Category 2 may be used only where train speeds

do not exceed 80mph. The Banner Repeating Signal may be used for tmin

speeds up to 125mph, since it is not necessary for the driver to act upon the

aspect displayed unless a caution aspect has been displayed at the previous main

signal.

4.7.3 Performance Category 3 EquipmentWith the exception of ground position light signals which are preset by a main

route, equipment which does not exceed the requirements of Performance

Category 3 (see Section 4.6.4) maybe used only where there is no requirement

for the aspect/indication to be read at a speed exceeding 15 mph. For this

purpose, it maybe considered that 1S mph will not be exceeded by

movements contained within the confines of a yard or siding

movements starting from rest, drawing to a halt at a main stop aspect, or

proceeding under the authority of a position light aspect.

Ground position light signals which are preset by a main route may be

considered exempt from the limit of 15mph, and maybe used at line speeds.

4.7.4 Performance Category 4 EquipmentSemaphore main signals may be considered readable at speeds up to 100 mph.

5 Signalsand Indicators5. I Colour Light Signal5. [. I DescriptionAcolour light signal isa running signalwhich displays its aspects only by means of

Red, Yellow and Green coloured lights.

Note: The statements in the following paragraph do not apply to COLOUR

UGHTSPU~lNGDISTANTSIGNAM or CO-ACTING SIGNA& special conditions

apply to these types of signal and they are dealt with in Sections 5.2 and 5.3

respectively.)

Each signal shall display only one of the aspects defined in Table 2 at a time. No

other aspects maybe displayed. An aspect shall be displayed at all times. A signal

may be configured to be capable of showing any of the permitted aspects, with

the exception that no signal shall be able to show both single and double flashing

yellow aspects.

RAIL TRACK 7



GK/Rl@~~i

Issue One

Date Januaty 1996

Pa~e 8of38

LinesieleSignals and Indicators

Figure I

Dimensions only advisory

T-*

202MIN DIASIGNALLIGHTAPERTURES

FRONTCOLOURBLACK

Aspect Description Description Meaning to Driver

Red light or no light Danger stop.

One yellow light Caution Be prepared to stop at the next signal.

Two yellow lights Preliminary caution Be prepared to find the next signal exhibiting one yellow light.displayed vertically

One flashing yellow light Preliminary caution Be prepared to find the next signal exhibiting one yellow lightwith junction indication for diverging route(s).

Two flashing yellow lights Indication of Next signal exhibiting one flashing yellow light.displayed vertically diverging route

ahead of next butone signal

Green light Clear Next signal exhibiting a proceed aspect.

Table 2

5. I.2 ApplicationSignal heads comprising more than one light shall normally be mounted

vertically. A signal head maybe mounted at another angle provided:

(a) The performance requirements of Section 4.6.4 can be met under such

circumstances.

AND

.

r

(b) That any double yellow aspect continues to be vertically displayed.

Wherever possible signalsshall be positioned at or above drivers’ eye level.

8 RAIL TRACK



GWRTO031

Issue One

Lineside signals and Indicators Date ]anua~ 1996

Page 9 of 38

If more than one light isused to display aspects, the normal order of proximi~of

lights to the axis of the driver’s eye shall be as follows:

1. red aspect light closest

2. first yellow aspect light (the one which is alight for a single yellow

aspect or flashing single yellow aspect)

3. green aspect light

4. second yellow aspect light (required only for double yellow aspect)

Where any of the four lights mentioned above are not provided, or are

combined into a single unit, the order described above shall be maintained by the

remaining lights.

k is permitted to deviate from the above requirements to enable the use of

signalsdesigned for use only in tunnels which would not otherwise be capable of

displaying readable double yellow and flashing double yellow aspects (as

required by Section 4.6.4). In such cases the two yellow aspect lights may be

separated by both the red and green aspect lights.

There may also be deviation from the normal arrangement of aspect lights in the

case of splitting distant signals (see Section 5.2).

Co[our light signal heads shall be painted matt black as seen from trains to which

the signal applies and the remainder of the head shall be painted silver.

5.2 Colour Light Splitting Distant Signal5.2. I DescriptionAcolour light splitting distant signal consists of two or more associated COLOUR

LIGHT SIGNAL heads. The aspect displayed by each signal head shall relate to

only one route at the junction signalahead, thereby conveying route information

to the driver.

A splitting distant signal may also act as a stop signal, in which case only one signal

head shall display a red aspect. At combined stop and distant signals any signal

head with no red aspect shall only be lit when a route to which that signal head

applies is set beyond the junction signal.

In exceptional circumstances an outer splitting distant signal maybe provided.

Note: throughout this standard the term splitting distant signal, without

further qualification, applies to both inner and outer splitting distant signals.Any

reference to an inner splitting distant signal applies equally to the only splitting

distant signal where an outer splitting distant signal is not provided. Outside the

context of this standard, however, the prefix inner need not be used when

referring to a splitting distant signal at locations where there is no outer splitting

distant.)

.

Inner splitting distant aspects shall be displayed in accordance with the following

principle5

(a) Whenever the inner splitting distant signal is cleared while the junction

signal to which it applies is at Danger, a yellow light shall be displayed only

by the inner splitting distant signal head capable of displaying a red aspect.

RAILTRACK 9



GIURTO03I

Issue One

Date January 1996 Lineside Signals and l!ndicatorsPage 100f38

(b) When a forward route isset at the junction signal the inner splitting distant

signal head for that route shall show the aspect appropriate to the

conditions ahead. All other inner splitting distant signal heads which apply

to that junction signal shall show a single yellow aspect.

(c) The position of the less restrictive inner splitting distant aspect relative to

the yellow aspects of the other inner splitting distant signal heads shall

convey the following information:

the direction of the route shall be indicated by the relative horizontal

positions of the aspects;

the speed of the route shall be indicated by the relative heights of the

aspects. o

(d) An inner splitting distant signal shall not be equipped to display a flashing

single yellow aspect.

The use of outer splitting distant signalsisonly permitted where the approach to

a red aspect displayed by the corresponding junction signal is signalled (in

accordance with GK/RTO032 [Lineside Signal Apect Sequences]) using the

normal four aspect sequence (ie. double yellow, yellow, red).

Outersplittingdistant aspects shall be displayed inaccordance with the following

principles:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Whenever the outer splitting distant signal is cleared while the junction

signal to which it applies is at Dange~ a double yellow aspect shall be

displayed only by the outer splitting distant signal head capable of

displaying a red aspect.

When a forward route is set at a junction signal ahead the outer splitting

distant signal head for that route shall show a green aspect. All other outer esplitting distant signalheads which apply to that junction signalshall show a .

double yellow aspect.

The position of the outer splitting distant green aspect relative to the

double yellow aspects of the other outer splitting distant signal heads shall

convey the following information:

the direction of the route shall be indicated by the relative horizontal

positions of the aspects;

the speed of the route shall be indicated by the relative heights of the

aspects.

An outer splitting distant signal shall not be equipped to display a flashing

double yellow aspect.

10 RAIL TRACK


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Lineside Signals

Rahvay Group Standard

GK/RT003 I

Issue One

Date January 1996

Paze I I of 38

Permissible combinations of aspects are shown in Table 3, Table 4, Table 5 and

Table 6. (Note. In Table 3, Table 4, Table 5 and Table 6, the abbreviations R, Y

and G represent signal lights of the colours red, yellow and green, positioned

relative to each other as shown.)

Lighi%which are shown as being horizontally level in the following tables shall be

displayed such that they appear level to an extent sufficient to satisfy the Signal

Sighting Committee.

The horizontal separation between adjacent signal heads is defined in

GKlRTO037 (Signal Sighting).

Aspect Arrangement Meaning to Driver I

R stop

Y Caution

I YYY

Preliminary Caution (lower speed divergence to left at junction signal)

I Y Preliminary Caution (straight ahead route set at junction signal)YY

Y Clear (lower speed divergence to left at junction signal)G

G Clear (straight ahead route set at junction signal)Y

Table 3 Inner Splitting Distant for Single Diverging Route to Left

Aspect Arrangement

YY

I YGY

I YGY

Meaning to Driver

stop

Caution

Preliminary Caution

Clear (lower speed divergence to left at junction signal)

Clear (straight ahead route set at junction signal)

Table 4 Outer Splitting Distant for Single Diverging Route to Left

RAIL TRACK II


fWway Group Standard

GK/Rtio~ [

Issue One

Date January 1996 Lineside Signals and IndicatorsPage 120f38

Aspect Arrangement Meaning to Driver

R stop

Y Caution

‘f’f Preliminary Caution (lower speed divergence to right at junctionY signal)

Y Preliminary Caution ( sttaight ahead route set at junction signal)Yy

Y Clear (lower speed divergence to right at junction signal)G

G Clear (straight ahead route set at junction signal)Y

Table 5 Inner Splitting Distant for Single Diverging Route to Right

Aspect Arrangement Meaning to Driver 1

R stop

Y Caution

Y Prelimina~ CautionY

Y Clear (lower speed divergence to right at junction signal)YG

GY Clear (straight ahead route set at junction signal)Y

Table 6 Outer Splitting Distant for Single Diverging Route to Right

Signaling other combinations of left and Fight divergences with splitting distant

signals shall be avoided wherever possible.

5.2.2 ApplicationOuter splitting distant signals shall be provided wherever an inner splitting

distant alone would not provide sufficient advance warning of a divergence for

either of the following purposes:

to enable the necessary reduction in speed to meet the speed restriction of

a turno~

.

9.

.

OR

to enable a train which was being misrouted to be stopped before the

junction signal, where the misrouting of trains would cause significant

operational inconvenience.

in order to prevent illogical aspect sequences, the junction signal shall be

approach controlled from red for all routes which are not provided with a

splitting distant signal head; when such a route isset from the junction signal,the

inner splitting distant signal shall display the caution aspect.

At a splitting distant signal all signal heads shall be of the same equipment type.

o

12 RAIL TRACK


GIVRTO03I

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Issue One

Lineside ~ignak and Indicators Date January [996

Page 130f38

All aspects displayed at a splitting distant when no route is set from the

corresponding junction signal shall be displayed by the signal head which relates

to the straight ahead route at the junction signal. Where a splitting distant isitself

a junction signal, the appropriate route indication shall be displayed. Wherever

practicable, the signal head relating to the straight ahead route shall be

positioned horizontally closesttothe driver in the case of a splitting distant signal

for a right hand divergence a special structure shall normally be provided to

enable this requirement to be met.

5.3 Co-Acting Signal5.3.1 DescriptionA co-acting signal repeats the aspects of a main signal.

Where a co-acting signal is provided, the signal which is nearest to the normal

position for a signal (as defined in GK/RTO037 [Signal Sightingl) shall be

considered the primary signal.

The main aspects and associated indications of the co-acting signal shall be the

same as those of the primary signal. If any other aspects and indications of the

primary signalare repeated by the co-acting signal they shall also be the same as

those of the primaty signal.

The size and relative positions of the aspects and indications of a co-acting

signal may differ from those of the primary signal.

5.3.2 ApplicationCo-acting signalsmay be used at line speeds of up to 125mph.

Criteria for Abdication

Co-acting signalsshall only be provided where all of the following conditions are

met:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

It is not possible to position the primary signal so that it is continuously

visible (ignoring interruptions considered negligible by the Signal Sighting

Committee) to the drivers of all types of tmin, from the sighting point

defined in GK/RTO037 (Signal 5ighting) to within 2 metres of the signaL

There is an operational requirement for the driver to be informed of the

exact aspect of the signal, thereby rendering a BANNER REPEATING

SIGNAL inadequate.

The SignalSightingCommittee confirms the need foraco-acting signaland

this is approved by the Infrastructure Controller.

The primary signal is not a splitting distant signal.

RAIL TRACK 13



GK/RT()()~ i

Issue One

Date January 1996 Lineside Signals-and indicatorsPage 140f38

Abdication Requirements

Where a co-acting signal is required the following principles shall be complied .with:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(9

(g)

(h)

The co-acting signal shall be positioned to ensure that the combination of .primary and co-acting signals provides continuity of readability from the

sighting point defined in GK/RTO037 (Signal Sighting) to within 2 metres of

the required stopping point.

The co-acting signalshall be positioned no more than 5m from the primary

signal on the axis parallel to the track, and no more than 2m from the

primary signal on the axis perpendicular to the track.

The co-acting signal shall not be positioned beyond the insulated rail joint oor other limiter of the tmck section which replaces the signal.

The position and orientation of both primary and co-acting signalsshall be

such that neither signal can be mistaken as applying to an adjacent line.

The co-acting signal shall be controlled to the same main aspect as the

primary signal. Main routes up to the signal shall require both signals

proved alight.

The Infrastructure Controller shall assess the risks of non-provision of

position light aspects (and associated route indications) on the co-acting

signal; these aspects and indications shall be provided only where the risk

assessment indicates that they are necessary.

AspectSand indications which may reassociated with the main colour light

aspect of the co-acting signal shall include all those permitted for the

COLOUR LIGHT SIGNAL (see Section 6 for permitted aspect/indicationo

associations).*

A RIG1-/TAWAYlND/CATOR or CLOSEDOORS INDICATOR, if required, shall

normally be provided at either the primary or the co-acting signal -

whichever provides the best sighting from a train starting from the.

platform. They shall only be provided at both signalsif this is considered

necessary by the Signal Sighting Committee to cater for trains of different

type or length.

14 RAIL TRACK


GKIRTO03I

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Issue One

Lineside Signals and Indicators Date ]anua~ 1996

Page 150f38

5.4 Banner Repeating Signal5.4.1 DescriptionA banner repeating signal indicates whether the signal ahead is ON or OFF

Banner repeating signals shall consist of a rectangular unlit, or black, bar

displayed against a background illuminated with white light. The proportions

shall be as shown in Figure 2 where the white light is directly tmnsmitted (eg

fibre optic devices). Where the white light is reflected or used to silhouette a

banner arm, the white area may be increased provided the signal meets the

requirement of Section 4.6.3.

K““

%’?g

m

\

ILLUMINATED

/

“*7?

WHITEsom

Figure 2 Banner Repeating Aspect

The aspects displayable shall be as shown in Table 7.

[ Aspect Description Meaning to Driver

Horizontal arm ON Be prepared to find the related signal at Danger

Arm at an upper OFF Related signal is exhibiting a proceed aspectquadrant angle of450

Table 7

RAIL TRACK 15


Railway GrouD Standard

Issue One

Date January 1996 Lineside Signals and indicatorsPage 160f38

Two banner signal heads may be combined to form a splitting banner repeating

signal. Splitting banner signalswith more than two banners are not permitted.

Centre to centre distance between the two banners of a splitting banner

repeating signal shall be 10OOmm in the horizontal and 500mm in the vertical.

A splitting banner signal head shallonly clear when the related signal iscleared for

the route(s) to which it refers; it shall remain in the ON position at all other

times. The higher splitting banner head shall refer to the straight ahead route,

which shall always be the fastest route (otherwise a splitting banner signal is not

permitted); the lower splitting banner head shall refer to a diverging route (or

routes). The horizontal position of the lower splitting banner signal head

(relative to the higher banner head) shall indicate the direction of the diverging

route(s) relative to the straight ahead route.

The splitting banner head for the straight ahead route shall not clear for any

other route. The splitting banner head for a diverging route may clear for more ethan one diverging route, provided all routes to which it refers have the same

permissible speed, diverge from thestraightahead route through the same set of

points, and do not differ in any other characteristic which may have a bearing on

safety or operational efficiency (such as provision of electrification).

5.4.2 ApplicationBanner repeating signals shall only be provided where the available sighting of

the main signal is inadequate and cannot reasonably be improved. Inadequate

sighting shall be considered to include situations where:

(a)

OR

(b) “

OR

(c)

OR

(d)

The

A signal isfrequently approached at danger and, in order to reduce delay it

isdesirable to advise the driver that the signal has cleared before the driver

can see the main aspects.

The required viewing time for the signal is unattainable at the speed of a

train braking to stop at the signal.

.

There have been particular difficulties in drivers misjudging or disregarding

the main signalwhich have resulted in repeated incidents of the signal being

passed at danger. Such applications should be exceptional..

Local conditions are such that it is reasonable to predict that the problems

described in (c) are likely to occur.

banner repeating signal shall be positioned on the approach to the main

signal such that the required sighting time for the main signal is provided. The

main signal shall normally be visible to the driver before passing the banner

repeating signal so that the driver is continuously informed of the state of the

main signal from the position at which the banner is first sighted until the tmin

reaches the main signal.

If a banner repeating signal is provided for a platform starting signal it may oadditionally perform the function of an OFF INDICATOR, provided it is suitably

positioned.

16 RAIL TRACK



GIVRTO03 I

Issue One

o.

,

Lineside Signa!s and indicators Date ]anuary 1996

Page 17 of 38

Banner repeating signals meeting performance category 2 shall normally be

used; where it is necessary to use a banner repeating signal which only meets

performance category 3 it shall be ensured that sighting requirements can be

adequately met.

In situations where all trains start from rest (from a terminal or bay platform) an

OFF Indicator (see Section 5. 12)maybe used in lieu of a banner repeating signaL

Splitting banner repeating signals shall only be used where:

(a) A banner repeating signal is required on the approach to a junction signal

AND

(b) k isnecessatyto distinguish between an OFF banner aspect forthestraight

ahead route and an OFF banner aspect for any other route.

5.5 Position Light Signal5.5.1 DescriptionA position light signal displays its aspects by means of the position and colour of

lights. The aspects which maybe displayed are shown in Table 8. A back marker

light shall be provided when specified by the Signal Sighting Committee.

Aspect Description Meaning to Driver

Two red lights, or one red and one On (Red) stopwhite light, horizontally displayed ITwo yellow lights, or one yellow and On (Yellow)one white light, horizontally displayed

No aspect (where associated with a On (No Light)main aspect)

Two white lights displayed at an upper offquadrant angle of450

Stop (applies to movements in thedirection(s) for which the signal can becleared: other movements may pass thissignal without it being cleared)

Obey main aspect

The line ahead may be occupied. Proceedcautiously towards the next stop signal, stopboard or buffer stops. Be prepared to stopshort of any obstruction. The associated mainaspect (where provided) may be passed atDanger.

Table 8

5.5.2 ApplicationThe form of signal to be used for new installations isthat which displays two red

lights (or exceptionally two yellow lights) for the on aspect.

Signalsdisplaying a red and white (or yellow and white) On aspect shall only be

installed when altering installations where other signalsof this type are to remain

in service at the locality.

Signalsdisplaying two red (or two yellow) lights for the On aspect, except when

employed as a limit of shunt indicator, shall not be used in the same locality as

signalsdisplaying a red and white (yellow and white) for the On aspect.

A locality in this context shall generally be taken to mean a single station or

junction area.

RAIL TRACK 17


Railway Grmm Standard

GK/RToo3I

Issue One

Date January 1996 Lineside Signals and lndicatm=sPage 180f38

Position light signalsmay be configured for the applications shown in Table 9. In

each application the signalshall be equipped to display only the aspects shown in

Table 8.

Application Aspects Displayable

Limit of shunt 1. On (TWO Red lights) only

Position light shunting signal (red normal aspect) 1. On (Red)2. off

Position light shunting signal (yellow normal I. On (Yellow)aspect) 2. off I. .

Position light associated with a main aspect 1. On (No Light)2. off

Table 9

The position light signal with yellow on aspect shall only be used in exceptional

circumstances.

The only form of route indication which maybe associated with a position light

aspect is that displayed by a miniature ROUTE INDICATOR, which must be

immediately adjacent to the signal to which it applies.

Position light signals associated with a main aspect shall normally be mounted

beneath the associated COLOUR LIGHT SIGNAL.

Position light shunting signalsmay be positioned at driver’s eye level if required

for sighting reasons.

When a position light signal ispositioned more than I m above ground level then

each light shall be fitted with a long hood, in order to prevent phantom aspects

due to internal reflection of incident light.

The provision of two or more position Iightsignals together for routing purposes

is not permitted.

5.6 Junction Indicator5.6. I DescriptionA junction indicator indicates route by the angle at which a line of lunar white

light points is displayed. All permitted angles are shown in Figure 3.

Po8moNl

*

Po8m#’44

P0WnUN2 POWllONs

PU8.mON3 PCMl10N6

Figure 3 Junction Indications

*

●

18 RAIL TRACK



Gtc/RToo3I

Issue One

o

Lineside signals and Indicators Date January 1996

Page 190f38

All permitted indications are shown in Table 10 and Table I I.

Each junction indicator may be equipped to display any required combination of

indications, subject to the restrictions of Section 5.6.2. Only one indication shall

be displayed by an indicator at a time. An indication shall only be displayed when

the controls for the associated signal permit it to display a proceed aspect.

Wherever there would otherwise be potential for confusion, only the

indications shown in Table 10 shall be displayed.

Indication Meaning to Driver

I No indication, signal ON 10bey main aspect II No indication, signal OFF 10beymain aspect, straight ahead route is set I

Position I indication, signal OFF Obey main aspect, expect divergence to left

Position 4 indication, signal OFF Obey main aspect, expect divergence to ri~ht

Table.1O

The use of the indications shown in Table I I isonly permitted where the layout

is clear and unambiguous to the driver.

I Indication I Meaning to Driver I

Position 2 indication, signal OFF Obey main aspect, expect divergence to left moreextreme than that for position I indication

Position 3 indication, signal OFF Obey main aspect, expect divergence to left moreextreme than that for position 2 indication

Position 5 indication, signal OFF Obey main aspect, expect divergence to rightmore extreme than that for position 4 indication

Position 6 indication, signal OFF Obey main aspect, expect divergence to rightmore extreme than that for position 5 indication I

Table I I

%6.2 ApplicationJunction indicators shall normally be used in association with COLOURLIGHTSIGNA13for simple divergencies to the left or right.

Normally no indication shall be given for the straight ahead route. Routes which

diverge from the straight ahead route shall be indicated in the manner shown in

Figure 4.

Figure 4 Examples of Junction Indications

RAIL TRACK 19



GWRTO031

Issue One


Where no straight ahead route exists a junction or route indicator shall be

provided for all routes.

To avoid the risk of misreading, junction indicators shall be positioned above the

main aspect, except in exceptional circumstances as recommended by Signal

Sighting Committee.

5.7 Alphanumeric Route Indicator5.7. I DescriptionAn alphanumeric route indicator indicates route using numbers or letters (or a

combination of numbers and letters). The display shall be illuminated and the

colour of light shall be white.

Only the chamctersshown below maybe used; no other symbols are permitted.

ABC DE FGHKLMNPRSTUWXYZ

1234567890

The character font shall be Gill Saris Light.

Where more than one character is used in an indication, the minimum distance

between the outermost points on adjacent characters shall be 20°A of character

height.

No indication shall be given unless the signal with which the indicator is

associated is cleared.

Only one indication at a time shall be visible to the driver.

Alphanumeric route indicatom meeting performance category 2 are termed

standard alphanumeric route indicators, and those which meet only

performance category 3 are termed miniature alphanumeric route indicators

(see Section 4.6.4 for performance requirements).

5.7.2 ApplicationThe indications used shall appear logical to the driver as a description of route.

Preferred and prohibited indications are given in GK/RTOO04(Symbols for Plans

and Sketches). o

When a route indicator is provided for a main signal an indication shall be

displayed for each route from the signal, except where the permitted speed for

the stm”ght ahead route is more than 10 mph above that for any other. In such

cases no indication shall be provided for that route..

When a miniature route indicator is provided for a position light shunting signal

an indication shall be displayed for every route from the signal. When a miniature

route indication isdisplayed for any route from a main signal which isauthorised

by a position light aspect then an indication shall be displayed for every such

route.

The same indication shall be used at all signals which are equipped to show an

indication for a given destination. The use of the same indication on signalsin any

one locality, for different destinations in the same direction, is not permitted.

When used in association with a main aspect, the route indicator shall normally

be positioned to the side of the signal; it may, however, be positioned above or,

exceptionally, below the main aspect where necessaty for sighting or structureo

gauge reasons. When used in association with a position light shunting signal, the

miniature route indicator shall normally be mounted above the signal.

20 RAIL TRACK



GIVRTO03I

Issue One

Lineside signals and indicators Date January 1996

Page 21 of 38

When used in association with a semaphore stop signal, the route indicator shall

normally be mounted beneath the semaphore arm.

5.8 Points Indicator (for Train operated Points)5.8. I DescriptionA points indicator informs the driver whether train operated facing points are

correctly closed. The indications shall be as shown in Table 12.

\ Indication I Meaning to Driver I

I Red light I Stop; do not pass over points until they have been secured. I

\ Yellow light I Points are correctly fitting. I

Table 12

5.8.2 ApplicationA points indicator shall be used on the approach to all train operated facing

points, except where a signal is provided.

5.9 Level Crossing Indicator5.9.1 DescriptionA level crossing indicator informs the driver of the correct operation, or

otherwise, of a locally monitored automatic level crossing. The permitted

indications are shown in Table 13.

indication Meaning to Driver -

I Red flashing light or no light I Stow crossing has not operated as required. I

White flashing light Crossing has operated as required; proceed if crossing clear.

Table 13

5.9.2 ApplicationApplication requirements are defined in the Department of Tmnsport Railway

Construction and Operation Requirements for Level Crossings.

RAIL TRACK 21


?taihvaYGrouD Standard

Issue One


5.10 Loading/Unloading Indicator5.10. I DescriptionLoading/unloading indicators convey instructions to the driver by means of the

position and colour of lights. They are used to control trains in sidings; they do

not give authority for a train to proceed past other lineside signals or out of

sidings. The indications which may be displayed and associated meanings areas

shown in Figure 5. “

9‘s3069

STOP L!AEDLmlY,~wDlsT#N2s FROM‘IHE INDKXIW

PRSPmE m

Note.

\%M-!r/

?

o0

0

/\

o W’mE L@iT

@m Urn-r

.

— —MmEslcwl-YINTl-E htWESiW1-Y IN THE

tawu DmcTIDN FOR owosrrs DlmcT!oNToKMDiffi OR uNLwllu+3 lH4T REWED F@+

LcMmrw m Urumnffi

Figure 5 Loading/Unloading Indications

These indications shall not override any other signal, handsignal or indication

which r.equir~ the driver to stop.

Indicators may be grouped in sets referring to a given line. All indicators in a seto

shall display the same indication at any onetime. Each indicator shall be capable

of displaying all of the indications shown in Figure 5, but shall display no more

than one of these indications at any one time..

All readable indications in a set shall be considered valid by the driver regardless

of their position relative to the train. If the indicators go out while a train isunder

their control the train must stop immediately. Note that the complete set of

indicators at a given location may be extinguished when not in use.

5. I 0.2 ApplicationLoading/unloading indicators shall only be used as an aid to the movement and

positioning of trains; they are not intended to help prevent collision or

derailment of trains, and they shall normally be controlled from the position at

which the loading/unloading operation is supervised, rather than from a

signalbox, ground frame or shunting frame.

A signalcapable of displaying astopaspect, shall protect the running lines beyond

the siding, and no Ioadinghmloading indicator shall be positioned beyond, or

mounted on the same structure as this signal. o

22 RAIL TRACK


RaNwaYGrmm Standard

GIURTO03I

Issue One

o.


Page 23 of 38

Any loadinghnloading indicators which are positioned within, or direct

movements into, a signalled area shall only be illuminated when the relevant

signalsare displaying a proceed aspect.

Indicators shall be elevated, where practicable, and shall be located at intervals

along the track such that the driver shall have a clear view of at least one indicator

at all times under clear visibility conditions.

5. I I SPAD Indicator5. I I. 1 DescriptionA SPAD indicator displays the illuminated word “STOP”, between flashing red

lights, when the signalto which it applies is passed without authority. The driver

shall understand this indication to mean that the train should be stopped

immediately.

The indicator shall not be illuminated under normal operating circumstances.

The indicator shall be mounted against a backplate, or within a surround, which

shall be coloured blue, as defined in GK/RTOO05 (Safety Related Colours of

Signaling Equipment).

5. I I.2 ApplicationSPAD indicators shall be provided at high risk sites.

The position of the indicator shall be selected to maximise the likelihood of an

unauthorised movement being brought to a stand before reaching any point of

conflict.

It shall therefore be necessa~ to balance the following requirements:

to maximise the length of time for which the driver has the opportunity to

see the SPAD indication after a SPAD has occurred;

to ensure the perceived intensity of the indication is at a high level as soon

as possible after the signal is passed. ‘

The use of a co-acting indicator is permitted if difficulties arise in meeting these

conflicting requirements. No indicator shall be positioned beyond, or within 10

metres of, the first point of conflict beyond the associated signal.

The position of each indicator shall be subject to approval by a signal sighting

committee.

5. I 2 Signal Off Indicator5.12. I DescriptionA signaloff indicator displays an illuminated “OFF” when the signal(s) to which it

applies shows a proceed aspecc it may be double-sided. The colour of light shall

be white and the character font shall be Gill Saris Light. No indication shall be

shown when the signal is at danger. On a hi-directional platform line indications

may be qualified by signsbearing the additional letters “UP”or “DN” according

to the direction of the route set.

5. I 2.2 ApplicationOff indicators shall be provided at station platforms where operational staffwho

are required to see whether trains have authority to proceed cannot otherwise

do so. They shall be positioned such that one isreadable from the location of the

train ready to start and right away operating devices, when provided, and from

all other points at which staff may be positioned when dealing with all types of

train regularly using the platform.

RAIL TRACK 23



GK/RToo3I

Issue Onz

Date January 1996 Lineside Signals and IndicatorsPage 24 of 38

On platform lines with intermediate signals, an OFF indication for routes from

the intermediate signal, which read up to the signalat the platform end, may only

be displayed provided the signal at the platform end is also off.

In the circumstances defined in Section 5.4, an OFF indicator may perform the

function of a banner repeating signal.

5.13 Right Away Indicator5.13. I DescriptionA right away indicator displays the illuminated letters “RN when operated by

platform staff, provided the platform starting signal has cleared. The colour of

light shall be white and the character font shall be Gill SarisLight. No indication

shall be displayed unless the associated signal isshowing a proceed aspect. The

driver shall understand this indication to mean that it issafe for him to obey the

main signal aspect.e

5.13.2 ApplicationRight away indicators shall be used where a “ready to start” hand signal is

necessary for some or all of the trains using a platform, but the driver may be

unable to seethe hand signal. The indication shall be readable from the location

of the indicator operating device, and from all points at which trains normally

start (an indicator adjacent to the platform starting signal,where provided, shall

normally be required). Repeat indicators, or a longer range indicator, may be

provided to meet these sighting requirements.

5.14 Close Doors Indicator5.14. I DescriptionA close doors indicator displays the illuminated letters “CD” when operated by

platform staff. The colour of light shall be white and the character font shall be

Gill SarisLight. The driver shall understand the indication to mean that it is safe

for him to close the power operated doors on the train.

5. I 4.2 ApplicationClose doors indicators may be provided at stations with platform staff where

Driver Only trains operate, as an alternative to the provision of CCIV

monitoring equipment or mirrors. o.

5.15 Bawiers Up Indicator5.15. I DescriptionA bamiem up indicator displaysthe illuminated letters “BU” when the associated .barriers are fully raised. The colour of light shall be white and the character font

shall be Gill Saris Light. The driver shall understand the indication to mean that

the operation of raking the barriers at the crossing traversed has been

successful.

5.15.2 ApplicationA barriers up indicator shall be provided only at trainman operated crossings

with barriers. The indicator shall be positioned at a distance beyond the crossing

approximately equal to the length of the longest train which is expected to use

the crossing plus an allowance for the distance covered by the tmin while the

barriers are rising.

24 RAIL TRACK



GIVRTO03 I

Issue One

Lineside Signals and Indicators Date January 1996

Page 25 of 38

5.16 Stop Board5.16. I DescriptionA stop board displays a fixed danger aspect and written instructions regarding

the action to be taken after stopping. The colours and permitted dimensions are

shown in Figure 6. Reflectivity performance shall be no worse than that

associated with Class I retro-reflective material (as defined in BS 873 Part 6).

Dimensions only advisoty

c

T

c

It 1c

●.

.

—

stopL!rInL

I

f—

Whistle beforeproceeding

-

:

d

Notes:e

1. ❑ :gp-

■ BLACK.

, ❑ WHITE,

s2.Colour of back9 of sign (including

st.fiening): grey.

1 h 3.Dimensions may

7vary = 50~.

4k 4.Wording on lowerpart of sign may

i vary as required for- specific application.

7k

a b c d e f g h 1 i k I m n x y

Large 1650 900 10 I20 5oa I20 180 I50 20 540 65 65 I30 130 2100 I300Board (rein) (rein)

Medium I300 700 10 I00 404 100 140 I20 20 400 50 50 103 I00 2100 I500Board (rein) (rein)

Small 70(3 400 5 55Board

220 50 80 65 10 210 30 30 60 60 21W 2W0(rein) (rein) (rein)

Figure 6 Stop Board

The meaning to the driver is as follows: stop - do not proceed except in

accordance with the instructions exhibited or on the authority of the authorised

person.

RAIL TRACK 25



GK/RToo~ !

Issue One


5. i 6.2 ApplicationThe selectionof the appropriate size of stop board from the 3 types defined in

Figure 6 shall be based on the following criteria

for applications on running lines only the Large and Medium types of board

may be used; the Large type shall be used except where clearance

constraints require the use of the Medium size of board;

for other applications the Medium size board shall normally be used; the

Small board may however, be used to satisfyclearance constraints, and the

Large board may be used to satisfy exceptional sighting requirements.

Stop boards shall be positioned, where possible, on the left hand side of the line,

at the appropriate height and horizontal position indicated in Figure 6.

5.17 Distant Board5. I7. I Description oA distant board displays a fixed caution aspect. Its colours and dimensions shall

be as shown in Figure 7. Reflectivity performance shall be no worse than that

associated with Class I retro-reflective material (as defined in BS 873 Part 6).

1 I I I

l170rml I Notes:

.

c1 1. ❑ YELLOW ❑ WHITE

205mm ❑ BLACK

2. Colour of back of sign(including

Figure 7 Distant Board

stiffening): grey

The meaningtothe driver isasfollows be prepared to stop atthe home signal or

other specified place to which the distant board applies.o

26 RAIL TRACK


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,


GK/Rl-003 I

Issue One


Page 27 of 38

5.17.2 ApplicationReflectorised distant boards maybe used to display a caution instruction on the

approach to a COLOUR LIGHT SIGNAL SEMAPHORE STOP SIGNAL, STOP

BOARD, POINTS INDICATOR or buffer stop at the end of a line.

Distant boards shall be positioned, where possible, on the left hand side of the

line, at a height to the centre of the board of 2.5 metres above rail level, and as

close to the running edge as structure gauge clearances permit.

Refiectorised distant boards and semaphore distant signals shall not be

indiscriminately mixed on a single line of route.

5.18 Semaphore Stop Signal5.18. I DescriptionA semaphore stop signal isa running signalwhich displays its aspects by means of

a rectangular semaphore arm by day and coloured lights by night.

The arm shall be co!oured red with a vertical white stripe; its dimensions shall be

as shown in Figure 8 although minor variations to these dimensions are

permitted where-

a) consistency of appearance with other signals in the same locality is

required, and

b) the performance requirements of 4.6.4.4 can still be complied with.

rE SIGNALg ‘m

‘L

POSTEND

FRONT VIEWNote

❑ SIGNAL RED. ❑ BLACK.

❑ WHITE.

178rnm ,- 318 mm7 “ 12.5”

BACK VIEW

Figure 8 Semaphore Stop Signal

RAIL TRACK 27



GK/RTOO~I

Issue One

Date January 1996 LimesickSignals and IndicatorsPage 28 of 38

Only the aspects shown in Table 14 shall be displayed.

I Aspect I Description I Meaning to Driver I

I Arm horizontal (visible by day) with red light displayed I Danger I stop I

Arm raised or lowered by angle of450 (visible by day) with Clear Proceedgreen light displayed

Table 14

When a signalconsistsof more than one semaphore stop signal arm each signal

arm shall apply to a single route from the signal. If the signal arms are arranged

directly above one another the position of each arm from top to bottom shall

correspond to the direction of the route from left to right. If the signal arms are

distributed horizontally the position of each arm from left to right shall

correspond to the direction of the route from left to right. In the latter case the osignalarms for routes which differ in speed shall be stepped in heigh~ the highest

arm shall apply to the fastest route and subsequent arms to either side shall be

progressively lower.

5.18.2 ApplicationThe preferred form of signal is the upper quadrant type. The lower quadrant

type shall only be installed where existing lower quadrant signalsare controlled

by the same signal box, or where another signal arm on the same post is of the

lower quadrant type. All signal arms which are mounted on a single structure

shall operate in the same sense (ie. all upper quadtant or all lower quadrant).

When multiple signal arms are arranged vertically above one another they shall

be 1.68 metres (5’6”) apart. This form of junction signal shall only be used where

the speed differential between the fastest and slowest route is no greater than

10mph and where the permitted approach speed is no greater than 40mph.

When junction signal arms are horizontally distributed they shall be i .83 metres

(6’0) apart in the horizontal, and stepped in height in 0.76 metres (2’6”)

increments.

5.19 Semaphore Distant signal .

5.19. I DescriptionA semaphore distant signal isa running signalwhich displays its aspects by means

of a semaphore arm by day and coloured lights by night. .

The arm shall have a fish-tail end and shall be coloured yellow with a black

chevron; its dimensions shall be as shown in Figure 9 although minor variations

to these dimensions are permitted where:


required, and


28 RAIL TRACK


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.


GWRTO03 I

Issue One


Page 29 of 38

.,.Note:❑ YELLOW ❑ WHITE

■ BLACK

E :E 03 =-m0N ~

d N“

T

7E=m-N

r~ 1 060rrm

41.75”

m

SIG#

SIDE

BACK VIEW 19orml7.5”

Figure 9 Semaphore Distant Signal


Aped Description Meaning to Driver

Arm horizontal (visible by day) with yellow light Caution Be prepared to stop at the home signal or other

displayed specified place to which the distant signal applies

Arm raised or lowered by angle of 45° (visible Clear All associated stop signals are clear

by day) with green light displayed

Table 15

RAIL TRACK 29


Railway Grcxw Standard

GIVRTO03 I

Issue One

Date January 1996 !Lhwside Signals and IndicatorsPage 30 of 38

Semaphore distant signal arms may be combined on a single signal to form a

semaphore splitting distant signal. In such cases, each signal arm shall apply to a

different route from the junction signal for which the signal acts as the splitting

distant. A splitting distant signal arm may only be cleared when the associated

junction signal is cleared for the route to which the arm corresponds, and all

other associated stop signals are clear. The relative height of each splitting

distant signal arm shall reflect the speed of the route to which the arm applies,

and the horizontal position shall reflect the direction of the route to which the

arm applies.

5.19.2 ApplicationThe preferred form of signal is the upper quadrant type. The lower quadmnt

type shall only be installed where existing lower quadrant signalsare controlled

by the same signal box, or where another signal arm on the same post is of the

lower quadrant type.@

A distant signal arm maybe combined with a SEMAPHORESTOPSIGNAL arm.

When this isthecasethe distant arm shall only displayan off aspect when the stop

arm is also in the off position. The distant signal arm shall be mounted 1.83

metres (6’0”) below the stop signal arm. Both signal arms shall opemte in the

same sense (ie. both upper quadtant or both lower quadmnt).

5.20 Semaphore Subsidiary Signal5.20. I DescriptionA semaphore subsidiary signal displays its aspects by means of a rectangular

semaphore arm by day and coloured lights by night. The arm shall be coloured

white with two horizontal red stripes; its proportions shall be as shown in

Figure 10 although minor variations to these dimensions are permitted where:


required, and


.

.

30 RAIL TRACK



GWRTO03 1

Issue One


Pa~e 3 I of 38

533rml<21 “

1

LE= @ SIGNALEm ~:O-INU-1.

dam POST

.a i-SIDE

Note:FRONT VIEW

E ‘m

5 ! R SIGNAL REDT ❑ WHITE

■ BLACK

ml

SIGNALPOSTSIDE

BACK VIEWFigure 10 Semaphore Subsidiary Signal


Aspect Description Meaning to Driver

Arm horizontal (visible by day) with white light Normal Obey main signaldisplayed

Arm raised or lowered by angle of 45” (visible Proceed The main signal may be passed at Danger. The

o

by day) with green light displayed line ahead may be occupied. Proceed cautiouslybeing prepared to stop short of any obstruction.

. Table 16

5.20.2 ApplicationThe preferred form of signal is the upper quadrant type. The lower quadrant

type shall only be installed where the associated stop arm is lower quadrant. All

signalarms (both main and subsidiary) which are mounted on a single structure

shall opemte in the same sense (ie. all upper quadrant or all lower quadrant).

Semaphore subsidiary signals shall only be used in association with a

SEMAPHORESTOPSIGNAL. They may be used on signals which also have a

SEMAPHORE DISTANT SIGNAL arm. In all cases subsidiary signals shall be

mounted 1.07 metres (3’6”) below the lowest main signal arm.

A POS/T/ONL/GHTS/GNAL may be used in lieu of a semaphore subsidiary signal.

RAIL TRACK 31



GIVRTO03 1

Issue One


5.2 I Semaphore Shunting Signal5.21. I DescriptionA semaphore shunting signaldisplays its aspects either by means of a semaphore .

disc or a miniature semaphore arm by da~ and by coloured lights at night. For

each of the variants just described, there shall be two distinct types in terms of

meaning those which must not be passed in the ON position and which have a.

red bar, and those which may be passed in the ON position for certain

movements and have a yellow bar. The former type isshown in Figure I I; the

latter in Figure 12.

“ BACK VIEW

DISC TYPE DISC TYPE

h533mm

21” ‘1

+-h-wL SIGNAL

&JcJ:

FRONT VIEW

l15rrm ,/ 1- I 152rmn4.5” 6 “

‘WailBACK VIEW

ARM TYPENote:

❑ SIGNAL RED

U BLACK—U WHITE

Figure I I Shunting Signal (Red Type)

.

.

32 RAIL TRACK



GWRTO03 I

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Issue One

Lineside signals and Indicators Date January 1996

Page 33 of 38

:1’ BACK VIEW

DISC TYPE

SIGNALPOSTSIDE

E :E mCjl NM-l . l15rnm

“ km

!< I- I

‘5’Y

BACK VIEW

ARM lYPENote:

❑ YELLOW

❑ BIACK

U WHITE

Figure 12 Shunting Signal (Yellow T~e)

The rear of the disc type signals shown in Figure I I and Figure 12 shall be

cotoured grey.

RAIL TRACK 33



GK/RToo~ I

Issue One

Date January 1996 Linesick Signals and MicatorsPage 34 of 38


Aspect Description Meaning to Driver .

Disc with red bar horizontal or red and white Normalhorizontal arm (visible by day) with reddisplayed

stop

.

Disc with yellow bar horizontal or yellow and Normalblack horizontal arm (visible by day) with yellowlight displayed

Either type of disc turned450 or either type of Proceedarm taised or lowered by angleof450 (visibleby day) with green light displayed

Table 17

Stop (applies to movements in the direction(s)for which the signal can be cleared: other Imovements may pass this signal without it being \

~

Proceed as far as the line is clear

When a signal consists of more than one semaphore shunting signal disc/arm

each shall apply to a single route from the signal. The discs/arms shall be

arranged directly above oneanotherand their positions from top to bottom shall

correspond to the direction of the route from left to right. Where more than

one disc/arm is mounted on a single structure, all such discs/arms shall be of

uniform type (ie. all discs or all arms).

5.21.2 ApplicationA POSITION LIGHT SIGNAL may be used as an alternative to a semaphore

shunting signal. However, position light signals may not be used in multiple to

provide indication of route in the manner of semaphore subsidiary arms.

5.22 Buffer Stops on Signalled Routes5.22. I DescriptionThe presence of a buffer stop on asignalled route shall always be indicated to the

driver by means of a retro-reflective surface on the buffer sto~ in addition,

buffer stop lights shall normally be provided.

The normal arrangement of colours for a rypical buffer stop is shown in o

Figure 13. Where the design of buffer stop does not permit this form to be ,

complied with precisely, the principle of providing at least one horizontal white

strip bounded by red strips above and below shall be followed, and the approval

of a Signal Sighting Committee shall be obtained. ,

7smm

--11-

+ 10Cmm (mm) REDm~ 7Smm (rein) 4 WITS

3- E

REO

Figure 13 Coiaming of Buffer Beam

34 RAIL TRACK


Railway Grotm Standard

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GIVRTO03 1

Issue One


Page 35 of 38

Buffer stop lightsshall normally consist of two 100mm diameter lights, mounted

150mm vertically apart, and positioned 2400mm above rail level within 2m on

the approach side of the buffer stop. Any other arrangement of lights shall be

subject to the approval of a Signal Sighting Committee.

Buffer stop lightsshall normally be coloured red, except where the buffer stop is

in a siding, and there isa likelihood that a red light might confuse drivers on other

lines. Where both of the foregoing conditions are met, buffer stop lights maybe

coloured white.

5.22.2 ApplicationBuffer stop lights shall be provided at all buffer stops at the end of signalled

routes, except where persistent vandalism is likely to occur in such cases an

exemption may be gmnted by the Infrastructure Controller, subject to

consideration of the risks entailed.

5.23 Rear of Signal Indications5.23.1 DescriptionRear of signalindications are displayed on the reverse side of the signal post from

the main aspect, such that they are visible from a train cab which is positioned

beyond the signal. Onlythe indications shown in Table 18 maybe displayed. The

indications shall be displayed in amber light, and in the Gill Saris Light character

font.

Indication Meaning to Driver

OFF Signal is displaying a proceed aspect

MAIN (qualifying indication for OFF Main aspect is cleared (where position light aspect also provided)indication) ISUB (qualifying indication for OFF Position light aspect is clearedindication)

RA As for standard Right Away Indicator (see Section 5. 13)

Alphanumeric route indication in Indication of the route for which the signal is clearedaccordance with Section 5.7 I

Table 18

5.23.2 ApplicaticmThe use of rear of signal indications shall be avoided, except where there is no

practicable means of positioning the signal (in full compliance with GK/RTO035

[Layout of Signals]) to bevisiblefrom the cab of the longest type of train which is

likely to be berthed at the signaL Rear of signal indications shall not be used

where there is any likelihood of confusion of the direction of movement

authorised by the “OFF” indication.

The rear of signal “OFF” indication shall be displayed whenever the signal

displays a proceed aspect (whether main or position light). Where the “OFF”

indication would otherwise be ambiguous, it shall be qualified with the additional

indication “MAIN” or “SUB. In addition, any alphanumeric route indications

displayed in association with the forward facing signal aspects shall be repeated

as rear of signal indications.

Arearof signal“RX indication shallbe provided in circumstances wherea rear of

signal “OFF” indication is required and a forward facing “RA” indicator is

provided for the signal.

RAIL TRACK 35


Rdway Group Standard

GK/Rl@()~ I

Issue One

Date January 1996 Limside Signals am! MicatcmPage 36 of 38

6 Permittedr

Associationsof Aspectsand Indications *

The signalsand indicators defined in this standard maybe associated with each

other in order to display the permitted combinations of aspects and indications

defined in the following tables. No aspect or indication shall be displayed in t

association with another except where specifically permitted, and subject to any

conditions expressed in the notes to the following tables. (Note, however, that

certain associations which are not permitted in the tables may arise under

equipment failure conditions, or while signals are clearing definition of such

possibilities does not lie within the scope of this standard.)

Position Light Position Light Position Light Junction Standard Route Miniature RouteOn (Red) On (Yellow) off Indication Indication Indication o

Red No No Yes No No Yes - See Note 3

Yellow No No No Yes Yes Yes

Double Yellow No No No Yes Yes Yes

Flashing Yellow No No No Yes Yes No

Flashing Double No No NoYellow

Yes Ya No

Green No No No Yes Yes Yes

Table 19Colour Light Aspects

Notes: I The aspects displayable by a Splitting Distant Signal in which more. .

than one signal head is alight are not included in the above tabl~ such aspects

shall not be associated with any other aspects or indications.

2. Semaphore signals shall not be associated with colour light aspects.

3. Only with Position Light Off aspect.

4. Although their indications are not directly associated with a Coiour Light

Aspect, a Right Away Indicator or a Close Doors Indicator may be

mounted adjacent to a Colour Light Signal.

Junction Indication Standard Route Miniature Route Semaphore Stop Semaphore StopIndication indication On OH

On (Red) No No No No No

On (Yellow) No No No No No

off No No Yes Yes No

Table 20 Position Light Aspects

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GK/RToo3 I

Lineside Signals and IndicatorsIssue One )

Date Ianuatv 1996

Page 37 of 38

Junction Indication Standard Route Miniature Route Subsidiary On Subsidiary OffIndication Indication

Stop On No No Yes - See Note I Yes Yes - See Note 5

stop off No Yes Y- Yes No

Distant On No No No Yes - See Note 2 Yes - See Note 4

Dstant Off No No No Yes - See Note 3 No

Table 21 Semaphore Main Aspects

Notes: I Only with Semaphore Subsidiary Signal Off or Position Light

Signal Off.

2. Only with Semaphore Stop Signal (On or Oft).

3. Only with Semaphore Stop Signal Off.

4. Only with Semaphore Stop Signal On.

5. A Position Light aspect maybe provided in lieu of the Semaphore

Subsidia~.

Junction Indication Standard Route Indication Miniature Route Indication

Subsidiary On No Yes - See Note I Yes - See Note I “

Subsidiary Off No No Yes - See Note 2

Shunt On No No No

Shunt Off No No Ys

%ble 22 Semaphore Subsidiary and Shunt Aspects

Notes 1 Only with Semaphore Stop Signal Off aspect.

2. Only with Semaphore Stop Signal On aspect.

t

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RAIL TRACK 37


Railwav Groun Standard

Issue One

Date January 1996 LinesidePage 38 of 38

Signals am! indicators

GK/RTOO04

GWRTOO05

GWRTO032

GWRTO035

GK/RToo37

GO/RT3251

BS873 Part 6

Symbols for Plans and Sketches

Safety Related Colours of Signaling Equipment

Lineside Signal Aspect Sequences

Layout of Signals

Signal Sighting

Safety Requirements for Tmin Drivers

@.

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38 RAIL TRACK


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