glass in concrete products: full scale industrial trials ii/file/...water absorption 0.15 0.20 0.25...
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Glass in Concrete Products:Full Scale Industrial Trials II
Ian Ferguson, Marshalls MonoJohn Fifield, CRH Group (Forticrete Ltd)
ConGlassCrete ProjectCentre for Cement and Concrete,
University of Sheffield
ConGlassCrete – High Value Use of Waste Glass in Concrete Products
ConGlassCrete Products
Exposed Aggregate FlagsFlags
Wet Cast
FlagsSlabsKerbs
Wet-Pressed
Roof Tiles
Non-BS ProductCast Stone
Grey BlocksMasonry Units
Product compliance ASR
Micro-studies (selectively)
Paving Blocks
Semi-Dry
ASSESSMENTPRODUCTSTYPE
ConGlassCrete – High Value Use of Waste Glass in Concrete Products
Materials Codes AP: amber glass pozzolan GP: green glass pozzolan FP: flint glass pozzolan GGA: green glass aggregate AGA: amber glass aggregate FGA: flint glass aggregate BGA: blue glass aggregate GGS: green glass sand FGS: flint glass sand BB: post consumer cullet from bottle bank collection P&C: post consumer cullet from pub & club collection RCA: recycled concrete aggregate
ConGlassCrete – High Value Use of Waste Glass in Concrete Products
Semi-Dry CastPaving Blocks
ConGlassCrete – High Value Use of Waste Glass in Concrete Products
Paving Blocks 1Type Test Results
W20.317A216S3605070PC/GP30
W20.234A216S3594974PC/GP25
W20.781A216S3554672PC/GP21 @ 95% total
cementitious
W20.248A219S3635370PC/GP10 @ 84% total
cementitious
W20.195A218S3605070PC/PFA25
Classkg/m2Class(mm)ClassPPVPPTVUSRV
Freeze-Thaw (mass lost)
Abrasion Resistance
Slip/skid resistance valuesMix Code
ConGlassCrete – High Value Use of Waste Glass in Concrete Products
Paving Blocks 1Strength and ASR
Tensile Strength
3
4
5
Age at 28 Days
Stre
ngth
(MPa
)
ASR
-0.02
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0 8 16 24 32 40 48Age at Weeks
Exp
ansi
on (%
)
PC/PFA25PC/GP10PC/GP21PC/GP25PC/GP30
BS 812-123 TEST LIMITS AT 52
WEEKS
ConGlassCrete – High Value Use of Waste Glass in Concrete Products
Paving Blocks 2Strength and Type Tests
W20.3A121.1S365-705.6PC/AP20
W20.1A122.8S368-685.0PC/Con.2
W2-A118.9S36254804.5PC/AP10
W2-A118.8S37464714.7PC/Con.1
Class(kg/m2)Class(mm)ClassPPVPPTVUSRV
Freeze-Thaw (mass loss)
Abrasion Resistance
Slip / skid Resistance ValuesStrength
(MPa)Mix Code
ConGlassCrete – High Value Use of Waste Glass in Concrete Products
Architectural Masonry Units
ConGlassCrete – High Value Use of Waste Glass in Concrete Products
Architectural Masonry UnitsASR
ASR - 6-12 GA
-0.02
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0 12 24 36 48
Age (Weeks)
Exp
ansi
on (%
) WPC/ControlWPC/GreenWPC/AmberWPC/BlueWPC/Flint
ASR - GP
0 12 24 36 48Age (Weeks)
WPC/ControlWPC/GP10WPC/GP20
ASR - GA with 10% GP
0 12 24 36 48
Age (Weeks)
WPC ControlWPC/GP10WPC/GP10/GGAWPC/GP10/AGAWPC/GP10/BGAWPC/GP10/FGA
ASR - GA with 20% GP
-0.02
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0 12 24 36 48
Age (Weeks)
WPC ControlWPC/GP20WPC/GP20/GGAWPC/GP20/AGAWPC/GP20/BGAWPC/GP20/FGA
BS 812-123 TEST LIMITS AT 52 WEEKS
ConGlassCrete – High Value Use of Waste Glass in Concrete Products
Semi-Dry Cast Grey Blocks
ConGlassCrete – High Value Use of Waste Glass in Concrete Products
Grey Blocks 1 - ResultsASR
-0.01
0.03
0.07
0.11
0 8 16 24 32 40 48Age (Weeks)
Expa
nsio
n (%
)
PC/PFA14 ControlPC/PFA14/RCA15PC/AP14/RCA15PC/PFA14/RGA15PC/AP14/RGA15
Compressive Strength
6
8
10
12
7 14Age at Days
Stre
ngth
(MPa
)
BS 812-123 TEST LIMITS AT 52
WEEKS
ConGlassCrete – High Value Use of Waste Glass in Concrete Products
Grey Blocks 2 - ResultsCompressive Strength
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
7 28Age at Days
Stre
ngth
(MPa
)
PC/ControlPC/BB CulletPC/Flint DustPC/AP20PC/GP20
ASR
-0.02-0.010.000.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.10
0 8 16 24 32 40 48Age at Weeks
Exp
ansi
on (%
)
PC ControlPC/BB CulletPC/Flint DustPC/AP20PC/GP20
ConGlassCrete – High Value Use of Waste Glass in Concrete Products
Grey Blocks 3 - ResultsASR Expansion
-0.03-0.02-0.010.000.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.10
0 8 16 24 32 40 48Age at Weeks
Exp
ansi
on (%
)
PC ControlPC/AP15PC/AP30
Compressive Strength
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
1 7Age at Days
Stre
ngth
(MPa
)
ConGlassCrete – High Value Use of Waste Glass in Concrete Products
Semi-Dry CastNon-BS Product
ConGlassCrete – High Value Use of Waste Glass in Concrete Products
Non-BS ProductCompressive Strength
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
7 28
Age at Days
Stre
ngth
(MPa
)
ASR to 52 Weeks
-0.02
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0 8 16 24 32 40 48Age at Weeks
Exp
ansi
on (%
)
PC Control
PC/GGA3-6
PC/GGA3-6/FGD
PC/AP10/GGA3-6
PC/AP20/GGA3-6
BS 812-123 TEST LIMITS AT 52 WEEKS
ConGlassCrete – High Value Use of Waste Glass in Concrete Products
Semi-Dry Cast Stone
ConGlassCrete – High Value Use of Waste Glass in Concrete Products
Cast StoneASR
-0.01
0.02
0.05
0.08
0.11
0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56
Age (Weeks)Ex
pans
ion
(%)
WPC/GGBS40
WPC/GGBS20/GP20WPC/GP40
Water Absorption
0.15
0.20
0.25
Wat
er A
bsor
ptio
n (%
)
Strength
0
10
20
30
40
50
1 7 14 28Age at Days
Stre
ngth
(MPa
)
ConGlassCrete – High Value Use of Waste Glass in Concrete Products
Semi-Dry Cast Roof Tiles
ConGlassCrete – High Value Use of Waste Glass in Concrete Products
Roof Tiles Flexural Strength to 90 Days
5
7
9
11
13
15
1 3 7 28 90
Flex
ural
Str
engt
h (M
Pa)
PC ControlPC/GGP10PC/GGP20
1 3 7 28 90Age at Days
PC ControlPC/AGP10PC/AGP20
5
7
9
11
13
15
1 3 7 28 90
PC ControlPC/GGS15PC/FGS15
ConGlassCrete – High Value Use of Waste Glass in Concrete Products
Roof TilesASR to 52 Weeks
-0.02
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52Age at Weeks
Exp
ansi
on (%
)
PC Control PC/GGP10PC/GGP20 PC/AGP10PC/AGP20 PC/GGS15PC/FGS15
BS 812-123 TEST LIMITS AT 52 WEEKS
ConGlassCrete – High Value Use of Waste Glass in Concrete Products
Wet-Pressed Kerbs
ConGlassCrete – High Value Use of Waste Glass in Concrete Products
Wet-Pressed Kerbs
W20.134A223S3766484PC/GP25
W20.004A222S3675680PC/BGA20
W20.048A222S3786685PC/Con.
Class(kg/m2)Class(mm)ClassPPVPPTVUSRV
Freeze-Thaw (mass loss)
Abrasion Resistance
Slip/skid Resistance Values
Mix Code
ConGlassCrete – High Value Use of Waste Glass in Concrete Products
Wet-Pressed Slabs
ConGlassCrete – High Value Use of Waste Glass in Concrete Products
Wet-pressed Slabs(glass pozzolan)
ASR
-0.02
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0 12 24 36 48Age (Weeks)
Exp
ansi
on (%
)
PC/PFA20PC/PFA20/GGP10PC/GGP10PC/GGP20PC/GGP30PC/GGP20@85% cem.
Abrasion
0
5
10
15
20
25
1
Res
istan
ce (m
m)
BS812-123 TEST LIMITS AT 52 WEEKS
ConGlassCrete – High Value Use of Waste Glass in Concrete Products
Wet-Pressed Slabs (glass pozzolan & aggregate)
Abrasion
0
5
10
15
20
25
1
Res
ista
nce
(mm
)
ASR
-0.02
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0 12 24 36 48Age at Weeks
Exp
ansio
n (%
)
PC/PFA20 ControlPC/PFA20/GGAPC/PFA20/FGAPC/GGP10/FGAPC/GGP20/FGAPC/GGP30/FGAPC/GGP20/FGA/LS
BS812-123 TEST LIMITS AT 52 WEEKS
ConGlassCrete – High Value Use of Waste Glass in Concrete Products
Wet-Pressed Flags
USRV PPV Class (mm) Class (kg/m2) Class
PC/Con. 82 74 S3 24.4 A3 0 W2
PC/GP10 83 75 S3 24.1 A3 0 W2
PC/GP20 83 75 S3 24.1 A3 0.7 W2
Mix Code Slip / skid
resistance valuesAbrasion
ResistanceFreeze-Thaw
(mass lost)
ConGlassCrete – High Value Use of Waste Glass in Concrete Products
Wet Cast Flags
2.0S365.066A220.7PC/GP20
2.4S371.073A219.6PC/GP10
2.3S368.077A219.9PC/Con.
ClassPPVUSRVClassmm
Water Absorption
(%)
Slip/skid ResistanceAbrasion Resistance
Type Test
Mix Code
ConGlassCrete – High Value Use of Waste Glass in Concrete Products
Wet Cast FlagsFlexure strength
0
2
4
6
8
10ASR
-0.02
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0 12 24 36 48Age at Weeks
Expa
nsio
n (%
)
PC Control PC/GP10PC/GP20
BS 812-123 TEST LIMITS AT 52 WEEKS
ConGlassCrete – High Value Use of Waste Glass in Concrete Products
Exposed Aggregate Flags
ConGlassCrete – High Value Use of Waste Glass in Concrete Products
Exposed Aggregate FlagsStrength
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1 Day 7 Day 28 Day
Age at Days
Stre
ngth
(MPa
)
ASR -High Alkali Cement
-0.02
0.06
0.14
0.22
0.30
0 8 16 24 32 40 48
Age at Weeks
Exp
ansi
on (%
)
PC/ControlPC/GP10PC/GP10/GGA6-12PC/GP10/FGA6-12PC/GP10/AGA6-12
BS 812-123 TEST LIMITS AT 52 WEEKS
ConGlassCrete – High Value Use of Waste Glass in Concrete Products
Summary
√Exposed Aggregate Flags√√FlagsWet
Cast
√√Flags√√Slabs√√Kerbs
Wet Pressed
√√Roof Tiles√√Cast Stone√√Non-BS Product√√Grey Blocks√√Masonry Units√√Paving Blocks
Semi Dry
ASRCompliance
PERFORMANCE WITH GLASS AS POZZ./AGG.PRODUCTSTYPE
ConGlassCrete – High Value Use of Waste Glass in Concrete Products
ConclusionsGlass as both pozzolan and aggregate performed adequately in ready-mixed concrete and a range of precast concrete products tested to relevant British Standards;No ASR expansion was observed in glass pozzolan and/or glass aggregate ready-mixed concrete and precast concrete products, except in one example where high alkali cement was used.Ready-mixed concrete made with glass pozzolan and/or glass pozzolan and glass sand shows increasing strength development to 1 year