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Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 7 Vitamins
Chapter 7 Nutrition: The Nutrients
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Content Vocabulary
supplement
deficiency
fat-soluble
water-soluble
night blindness
beta-carotene
antioxidant
free radicals
Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 7 Vitamins
Chapter 7 Nutrition: The Nutrients
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• The idea that vitamins and supplements can cure anything is apparent in today’s advertising.
supplementA pill, powder, liquid, or the like containing only nutrients
Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 7 Vitamins
Chapter 7 Nutrition: The Nutrients
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Too little or too much of any vitamin or mineral is harmful to health.
Vitamin Safety
Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 7 Vitamins
Chapter 7 Nutrition: The Nutrients
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• A vitamin can cure only the disease caused by a deficiency of that vitamin.
• An overdose of any vitamin can make people as sick as a deficiency and even cause death.
Vitamin Safety
deficiencyToo little of a nutrient in the body
Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 7 Vitamins
Chapter 7 Nutrition: The Nutrients
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• The two classes of vitamins are: fat-soluble and water-soluble.
Vitamin Safety
fat-solubleAble to dissolve in fat and tend to remain in the body
water-solubleAble to travel in the body’s watery fluids and leave the body readily in the urine
Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 7 Vitamins
Chapter 7 Nutrition: The Nutrients
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• Vitamins are dangerous in high doses, but minerals are even more dangerous.
• Minerals can cause illness when taken in doses slightly above recommended levels.
• A balanced diet supplies the correct amount of vitamins and minerals.
Vitamin Safety
Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 7 Vitamins
Chapter 7 Nutrition: The Nutrients
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Vitamin A is important to many body processes.
Vitamin A
Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 7 Vitamins
Chapter 7 Nutrition: The Nutrients
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• Night blindness is an early sign of a vitamin A deficiency.
Vitamin A
night blindnessA slow recovery of vision after flashes of bright light at night
Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 7 Vitamins
Chapter 7 Nutrition: The Nutrients
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• Vitamin A:– Protects vision.– Helps fight infections.– Maintains normal, healthy skin.– Promotes growth.
Vitamin A
Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 7 Vitamins
Chapter 7 Nutrition: The Nutrients
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• Vitamin A dissolves into body fat and can build up toxic to levels.
• Vitamin A toxicity symptoms include nausea, vomiting, headache, blurred vision, weakness of the bones and muscles, and liver damage.
Too Little or Too Much
Vitamin A
Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 7 Vitamins
Chapter 7 Nutrition: The Nutrients
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• Beta-carotene is the form of vitamin A that comes from plants.
Beta-carotene
Vitamin A
beta-caroteneAn orange vegetable pigment that the body can change into the active form of vitamin A
Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 7 Vitamins
Chapter 7 Nutrition: The Nutrients
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• Beta-carotene can never cause dangerous build-ups to occur.
• Only vitamin A from supplements or fortified foods poses the threat of toxicity.
Beta-carotene
Vitamin A
Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 7 Vitamins
Chapter 7 Nutrition: The Nutrients
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• Beta-carotene plays a special role as an antioxidant nutrient.
Beta-carotene
Vitamin A
antioxidantDefends the body against destructive compounds
Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 7 Vitamins
Chapter 7 Nutrition: The Nutrients
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• Antioxidants defend the body against destructive compounds called free radicals.
Beta-carotene
Vitamin A
free radicalsSubstances that trigger damaging chain reactions in the cells of the body
Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 7 Vitamins
Chapter 7 Nutrition: The Nutrients
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• The best sources of beta-carotene are:
– Dark green vegetables.– Deep yellow and orange fruits and vegetables.
Best Sources or Fortified Foods
Vitamin A
Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 7 Vitamins
Chapter 7 Nutrition: The Nutrients
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• The best sources vitamin A of an animal origin are:
–Liver
–Fish oil
–Fortified milk and/or milk products
Best Sources or Fortified Foods
Vitamin A
Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 7 Vitamins
Chapter 7 Nutrition: The Nutrients
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Eating foods rich in vitamin E may help protect against heart disease.
Vitamin E
Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 7 Vitamins
Chapter 7 Nutrition: The Nutrients
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• Vitamin E is an antioxidant nutrient.• Good sources of vitamin E are:
–Raw vegetable oils.–Cereal grains.–Nuts.–Fruits.–Vegetables.
Vitamin E
Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 7 Vitamins
Chapter 7 Nutrition: The Nutrients
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To get enough thiamin and other nutrients, a teen must eat many servings of nutritious foods each day.
Thiamin
Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 7 Vitamins
Chapter 7 Nutrition: The Nutrients
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Thiamin helps the body use energy from other
nutrients including:
– Carbohydrates– Fats – Protein.
Thiamin
Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 7 Vitamins
Chapter 7 Nutrition: The Nutrients
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• Mild symptoms of thiamin deficiency include:–Stomachaches–Headaches–Fatigue–Restlessness
Thiamin
Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 7 Vitamins
Chapter 7 Nutrition: The Nutrients
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• Mild symptoms of thiamin deficiency also include:–Problems sleeping–Chest pains–Fevers–Anger and aggression–Symptoms that can be mistaken for mental
illness
Thiamin
Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 7 Vitamins
Chapter 7 Nutrition: The Nutrients
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• Severe symptoms of thiamin deficiency include:–Paralysis –Loss of muscle tissue–Swelling–Enlarged heart–Irregular heartbeat–Death from heart failure
Thiamin
Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 7 Vitamins
Chapter 7 Nutrition: The Nutrients
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Folate and vitamin B12 illustrate why it is important to eat foods from each of the food groups.
Folate and Vitamin B12
Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 7 Vitamins
Chapter 7 Nutrition: The Nutrients
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• Folate is found in fresh, leafy green vegetables.
• Vitamin B12 is found in meat and milk.
• Though found in different food groups, folate and vitamin B12 work together in the body.
Folate and Vitamin B12
Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 7 Vitamins
Chapter 7 Nutrition: The Nutrients
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• Folate deficiency causes anemia, weakened immunity, and abnormal digestion.
• Vitamin B12 deficiency causes anemia and abnormal nerve and muscle function
Folate and Vitamin B12
Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 7 Vitamins
Chapter 7 Nutrition: The Nutrients
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• The two classes of vitamins are __________ and __________ .
fat-solubleAble to dissolve in fat and tend to remain in the body
water-solubleAble to travel in the body’s watery fluids and leave the body readily in the urine
Section Review: Reviewing the Vocabulary
Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 7 Vitamins
Chapter 7 Nutrition: The Nutrients
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• A __________ is a condition in which the body lacks an essential nutrient.
deficiencyToo little of a nutrient in the body
Section Review: Reviewing the Vocabulary