Name: Document Packet Week 16 Age of Exploration Date:

In this packet you will have all the documents for the week. This document packet must be in class with you every day. We will work with these documents every day.

WEEK 16 DAY 1 DOCUMENTS: 16.1.1 Whole Class

AbsolutismThe European Model

Throughout the 1500s and 1600s, absolutism, when kings or queens have complete control over government and the lives of their subjects, was the most widespread political system in use in Europe and parts of Asia.

In the 1500s, Spain emerged as the first modern European power.  Spain's king, Charles V, was involved in almost constant warfare.  His son, Philip II, expanded Spanish influence, strengthened the Catholic Church, and, believing he ruled by divine right, the justification of monarchy through the word of God, made his own power absolute. Under him, Spain became the most powerful state in Europe. 

Religious wars between Catholics and Protestants tore France apart in the late 1500s.  In the 1640s, under Louis XIV, who assumed absolute power with the help of Cardinal Richelieu, France became the most powerful state in Europe.  Louis, known as "The Sun King," ruled for 72 years.  His claim to power was furthered by Jacques Bousset, who argued that Louis was god's representative here on earth.

In Russia, Peter the Great used autocratic methods to modernize Russia, pushing through social and economic reforms and importing western technology.  Later, Catherine the Great achieved the Russian dream of a warm-water port on the Black Sea by waging war against the Ottoman Empire.

The Islamic World

There are also several examples of absolute monarchy in the

Muslim world.  In Islamic history, the Ottoman sultan Suleiman is considered to be the perfect ruler.  He is said to have had all of the most important qualities of an Islamic ruler, especially knowledge of justice.  In addition, he is viewed by many as a law giver, a great soldier, and a magnificent poet.A contemporary of Suleiman, Akbar the Great, ascended the throne in 1556, at the age of thirteen.  The third Mughal emperor of India, Akbar won the support of Hindus and Muslims.  His greatest accomplishment was the institution of an efficient bureaucracy that helped to run the empire.

1) What is absolutism?

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2) How did the idea of divine right make absolutism possible?

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3) Why do you think Louis IVX wanted to call himself the “Sun King”?

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4) Compare and contrast The Mandate of Heaven in China and divine right in Europe.

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5) Suleiman was considered to be the perfect ruler. Why or why not do you think this is an accurate statement? Is this a fact or an opinion?

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WEEK 17 DAY 2 DOCUMENTS: 17.2.1

Document 17.2.1

The state of monarchy is the supreme thing upon earth; for kings are not only God’s lieutenants on earth, and sit upon God’s throne, but even by God Himself they are called gods…. Kings are justly called gods, for that they exercise a…divine power upon earth…. God hath power to create and destroy, make or unmake at his pleasure; to give life or send death; to judge all and to be judged nor accomptable [accountable] to none; to raise low things and to make high things low at his pleasure…. And the like power have kings….

                                                                        King James I of England, 1610

1) What idea does King James describe in this document, and why does he feel government should be organized according to this idea?

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It appears from all this that the person of the king is sacred, and that to attack him in any way is sacrilege. God has the kings anointed by his prophets with the holy unction in like manner as he has bishops and altars anointed. But even without the external application in thus being anointed, they are by their very office the representatives of the divine majesty deputed by Providence for the execution of his purposes. Accordingly God calls Cyrus his anointed. “Thus saith the Lord to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden, to subdue nations before him.” Kings should be guarded as holy things, and whosoever neglects to protect them is worthy of death….

There is something religious in the respect accorded to a prince. The service of God and the respect for kings are bound together. St. Peter unites these two duties when he says, “Fear God. Honor the king.” …

 …Kings should tremble then as they use the power God has granted them and let them think how horrible is the sacrilege if they use for evil a power which comes from God. We behold kings seated upon the throne of the Lord, bearing in their hand the sword which God himself has given them. What profanation, what arrogance, for the unjust king to sit on God’s throne to render decrees contrary to his laws and to use the sword which God has put in his hand for deeds of violence and to slay his children! …

                                                            BishopJacques Bossuet, Politics Drawn from the

                                                            VeryWords of Holy Scripture, 1709

2) According to Bossuet, how should kings be treated?

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This great emperor came in a few years to know to a farthing the amount of all his revenues, as also how they were laid out. He was at little or no expense about his person, and by living rather like a private gentleman than a prince he saved wholly that great expense which other monarchs are at in supporting the grandeur of their courts. …He had no letters; he could only read and write, but had a great regard for learning and was at much pains to introduce it into the country. He rose early; the morning he gave to business till ten or eleven o'clock at the farthest; all the rest of the day, and a great part of the night, to diversion and pleasure.

In the year 1703 the tsar took the field early, cantoned his troops in the month of March, and about the 20th of April brought the army together; then marched and invested another small but important place called Neva-Chance…. The commodious situation of this place made the tsar resolve to erect on it a considerable town, with a strong citadel, consisting of six royal bastions, together with good outworks; this he soon put into execution and called it St.Petersburg, which is now esteemed so strong that it will be scarcely possible for the Swedes ever to take it by force.

                                                            General Alexander Gordon, History of Peter the Great, 1718

3) What important policies and style of rule did Peter the Great implement as tsar of Russia?

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4) How is this image a depiction of monarchs’ rule in Europe?

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WEEK 17 DAY 3 DOCUMENT 17.3.1

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DOCUMENT 3 PAIR WORK 17.3.3

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DOCUMENT 4 INDIVIDUAL WORK 17.3.4

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