global analysis. explain the interdependence of nations explain the nature of international trade...
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INTERNATIONAL TRADEGlobal Analysis
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INTERNATIONAL TRADE: OBJECTIVES
Explain the interdependence of nations
Explain the nature of international trade
Explain the balance of trade List the three types of trade
barriers List three significant trade
agreements and alliances that foster worldwide free trade
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NATURE OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE
International trade is the exchange of goods and services among nations.
Imports are goods and services purchased from other countries.
Exports are goods and services sold to other countries.
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INTERDEPENDENCE OF NATIONS
Countries get some of their goods and services from other nations
Each country possesses unique resources and capabilities.
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The Global MarketplaceThe Global MarketplaceInterdependence of Nations
Most countries need to get some of their goods and services from other nations. This is called economic interdependence. There are two types of advantages in international trade:
absolute
comparative
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ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE AND COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
ABSOLUTE Occurs when a
country has natural resources or talents that allow it to produce an item at the lowest cost possible.
COMPARATIVE Value that a nation
gains by selling what it produces most efficiently.
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BENEFITS OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Consumers Benefit from the
competition that the foreign companies offer
Producers Many producers
expand business by conducting operations in other countries.
Workers Increased trade can
lead to higher employment rates both at home and abroad.
Nations Increased foreign
investment in a country often improves the standard of living for that country’s people.
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The Global MarketplaceThe Global Marketplace
All nations control and monitor their trade with foreign businesses. The U.S. government monitors imports through the customs division of the U.S. Treasury Department.
Government Involvement in International Trade
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GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Balance of Trade Trade Deficit Negative
Consequences of a Trade Deficit
Trade Barriers Tariffs Quotas Embargoes Protectionism Protectionism and
Subsidies
Trade Agreements and Alliances The World Trade
Organization The WTO, For or
Against? North American Free
Trade Agreement European Union
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BALANCE OF TRADE
The difference between exports and imports of a nation, Positive balance
of trade = trade surplus
Negative balance of trade = trade deficit
Trade Deficit Negative
Consequences of a Trade Deficit
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TRADE DEFICIT
1. monthly U.S. exports and imports in dollars through November 2008
2. U.S. trade deficit / surplus as a percent of GDP since 1960 through Q3 2008.
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U.S. TRADE DEFICIT
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TRADE BARRIERS
Tariffs: tax on imports. Produce revenue for a
country Protective tariff-
increases the price of imported goods so that domestic products can compete
Quotas: limits either the quantity or the monetary value of a product that may be imported.
Embargo: total ban on specific goods coming into and leaving a country.
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TRADE AGREEMENTS AND ALLIANCES The World Trade
Organization (WTO) Coalition of nations that
makes rules governing international trade
Successor to GATT North American Free
Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Eliminate all trade
barriers between Mexico, Canada and the U.S.
European Union (EU) Free trade among
member nations Euro Central Bank
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NAFTA & EU