global business environment report - turkey

8/10/2019 Global Business Environment Report - Turkey

1/27


2/27

[A.C.O.M CONSULTING GROUP] TURKEY

Page 2

DISCLAIMER

This material is based upon work supported by Dublin Business School. Any opinions,

findings, conclusions, or recommendations are those of the authors and do not reflect the views

of Dublin Business School, its employees or its administration.


3/27


Page 3

Table of content Page

About us ........................................................................................................................... 5

Research Methodology ..................................................................................................... 5

Executive Summary .......................................................................................................... 5

I Policy .............................................................................................................................. 7

1.1 Political stability ......................................................................................................... 7

1.2 Monetary Policy .......................................................................................................... 8

1.3European Policy ........................................................................................................... 8

1.4 Tax Policy ................................................................................................................... 8

II Legislation ..................................................................................................................... 9

2.1 Intellectual & industrial property rights ...................................................................... 9

2.2 Norms .......................................................................................................................... 9

2.3 Labour legislation ....................................................................................................... 9

III Technology .................................................................................................................. 9

3.1 Research & Development .......................................................................................... 9

3.2 Innovation ................................................................................................................. 10

IV Economy .................................................................................................................... 10

4.1 Growth ...................................................................................................................... 11

4.2 Inflation rate & purchasing power ............................................................................ 11

V Ecology ....................................................................................................................... 12

5.1 Energy & recycling ................................................................................................... 12

5.2 Laws .......................................................................................................................... 12

VI Social ......................................................................................................................... 12

6.1 Education .................................................................................................................. 12

6.2 Lifestyle .................................................................................................................... 13

6.3 Health ........................................................................................................................ 13


4/27


Page 4

VII General Directions of the political and economic policies being followed in order todevelop the country ......................................................................................................... 14

7.1 Political Development ............................................................................................... 14

7.2 Whats new in Turkey............................................................................................... 15

7.3 Corporate social responsibility ................................................................................. 16

7.4 Corruption in Turkey ................................................................................................ 18

VIII Prospect for future trade between France & Turkey ............................................... 19

8.1 Relation between France & Turkey .......................................................................... 19

8.2 French investments in Turkey ................................................................................... 21

8.3 Turkish investments in France .................................................................................. 22

IX Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 22

Minute ............................................................................................................................. 24

Sources ............................................................................................................................ 25


5/27


Page 5

Antoine Morelle Cassandra Opsomer Orgil Khashbat Mathilde Khan

About us

We are Dublin based international consulting group with newly graduates of Dublin

Business School. We are young, motivated, have strong academic background and committed

to our work. We apply those skills to our research and work with total commitment. Unlike anyother consulting groups we promise to never work in an aggressive or dishonest way and are

unique in providing a truly niche service to our clients and candidates that always includes

choice.

Check out our website athttp://orgilkhashbat.wix.com/acomconsulting

Research Methodology

Our research is based on secondary research through steps of identifying source ofinformation, gathering existing data, normalizing data if needed and analyzing data and making

what is out there useful and making sense to our clients.
http://orgilkhashbat.wix.com/acomconsultinghttp://orgilkhashbat.wix.com/acomconsultinghttp://orgilkhashbat.wix.com/acomconsultinghttp://orgilkhashbat.wix.com/acomconsulting


6/27


Page 6

Executive summary

Turkey is the third most populous nation in Europe with

71.9 million residents. The country is a secular democracy and

one of the fastest growing economies in the world. The Justice

and Development Party (AKP), a centre-right party, has held

control since 2002 and now enjoys a 50 per cent share of the seats

in the National Assembly. Turkey has very consistently

maintained a pro-Western foreign policy since the end of World

War II, and has provided crucial support to United States (US)

foreign policy objectives. The AKP also has aspirations for

Turkey to become a regional power in the Middle East and acts

according to its geopolitical interests in this volatile region.Occasionally, pursuing these ambitions results in disagreements

with neighbouring countries such as Syria, Israel, Iraq, and Iran.

However, with the exception of Syria, the existing active

commercial ties between these countries have largely remained

unharmed. Turkey is now the world's 17th largest economy, a G-

20 member, and offers access to markets in Europe, the Caucasus,

Central Asia, and the Middle East. Turkey is a significant hub for

the transportation of oil and gas as it acts as a bridge between

Europe and some of the largest energy suppliers in the world.Thus, in addition to having good relations with western and

eastern countries, the Republic of Turkey is an economically

successful, stable, peaceful, democratic, and secular country in a

region rife with conflict.

Fast Facts

Population:72,907,000

Capital:Ankara; 3,428,000

Area:779,452 squarekilometers (300,948square miles)

Language:Turkish, Kurdish,Arabic, Armenian,Greek

Religion:Muslim (mostly

Sunni)

Currency:Turkish lira

Life Expectancy:69

GDP per Capita:U.S. $7,300

Literacy Percent:87


7/27


8/27


Page 8

1.2 Monetary Policy

To rebalance the slowdowns of the Turkish consumption indoor, policies have decided to

lower the rate of exchange, which has enabled him to absorb the lack, and to increase, exports.

However if the inflation gap persists, the gains obtained through the decline in the exchangerate could see disappear. According to its monetary politic, Turkey doesnt want to move its

director rate: The Turkish lira is a safe currency, despite its fall against the US dollar which is

now stabilised.

1.3 European Policy

Turkey definitely wants to return in the European Union and is seeking to fulfil all the

criteria in order to fit with the Maastricht Treaty. The goal is to be irreproachable and be

accepted as the next country to the European Union. Inflation in Turkey is inevitable, given its

unprecedented rate of growth.

The Consumer Price Index is the rate of inflation of consumer prices kept regularly updated

in the country concerned. When this index is compared between different countries, it becomes

the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices: It is an indicator of price stability, coarsely. It is

observed that it is constantly increasing in Turkey: the prices of consumer products follow the

lineage of the ascension of Turkey.

Compared to the countries of the European Union, this is the rate of inflation the most

powerful, by far. The average rate of HICP inflation in 2013 is 7.44 per cent: In 2012, this

same average amounted to 9.15 %.

1.4 Tax Policy

Turkey is very powerful in terms of reducing the public debt: the debt ratio of the general

government is greatly appreciated by the European policies, and correspond to the criteria of

the Maastricht agreements.


9/27


Page 9

On the other hand, the economic policies have strongly influenced the fiscal policy of the

country, particularly for foreigners wishing to invest and undertake in Turkey: It is the 13th

country the more interesting for FDI (foreign direct investors), since the policy Is the relocation

of production to the court of the country, in order to avoid the import to relaunch the internal

growth (by self-sufficiency), but also boost exports.

I. Legislation

2.1 Intellectual and Industrial Property Rights

Overall, the intellectual and industrial property rights in Turkey are standardized (seek to

enter the EU and Occidentalising the IP rights). The IP rights are occidentalised because of

their will to enter in the European Union. Before had been Occidentalised, the IP rights didnt

changed since the Ottoman era. Turkey understood it had to change and to grow.

2.2Norms

The Turkey Agency of Standardisation is using international guides to improve its

standardisation within the world. The TAN is a membership of the International Organization

of Standardisation. Because of the customs union with the European Union, (countries which

trade with one another freely and have the same tax regulations on good imported from outside

of those countries), the TAN and the international organisation for standardisation had

contribute to harmonize the turkey norms with the European ones. About the standard

evaluation, the TAN is inspiring with the International Organisation of standardisation and

certificates of conformity written by other countries. The goal is the mutual recognition of

standards of conclusion of testing and regulatory certificates of compliance, with the European

programs.

2.3Labour Legislation

The labour legislation is similar to the European legislation: the fixed-term contracts are

defined strictly by the accomplishment of a specific task (a mission), or a date to be fixed, orthe obtaining of a clearly defined outcome. If the contract is signed by the employee and the

company is not determined by one of these reasons (date, mission or obtaining the result), then

the employee is considered as working in contract of indefinite duration.

II. Technology

2.1Research & development


10/27


Page 10

The potential of Turkey is considerable, that is why it seems important to make share: the

rise of Turkey and its growth the help to invest and to develop its spheres of research. Most of

the international companies of technology are turning to this country.

The director of the design firm of SAP software, Franck Cohen, explains that Turkey is one of

the 3 countries which offer a performance and quality of services to exploit more particularlythat the other, given its rapid growth. This undertaking is yet present in 130 countries. Clearly,

thats its economic positioning in high yield which makes the Turkey very interesting in terms

of development, innovation and yields fast.

.

2.2Innovation

In terms of innovation, 2014 is symbolic: an intercultural event has yet to come: the

Germano-Turkish Year of Research, Education and Innovation . This partnership is based

on an interaction between the companies, research centres and schools German superior, whomay like to enhance and increase their potential with the Turkish advanced. The German

government offers aids to these structures which cooperate with Turkey.

Otherwise, Turkey is generator of innovations, and this is proved by the confidence that

the investment banks give to this country (for example in 2012, the European Investment Bank

has lent EUR 175 million to Turkey, in favour of its economic growth).

The most famous sectors of Turkish innovations are in majority turned toward research and

development. The Turkish government is an engine of innovation: since its government helpsinnovation by financial and tax aid, companies can grow and increase their potential for

innovation (both for the small and medium sized enterprises than for large firms).

III. Economy


11/27


Page 11

4.1 Growth

In the year 2012, the growth of the Gross Domestic Product rate has been of 786, 3 billion

USD, putting Turkey at the 17thrank of the GDP. Between the ear 2002 and 2012, the averagegrowth rate was of 5, 2 %. However, since 2012, the economy has been affected by the slow of

the EU growth and the inner market is not developed enough to maintain the past rhythm of the

growth during the last decade. With half of the population under 30 years old, the market needs

4% of growth each year to absorb the new comers on the work market. Also, with a saving

rate of only 12%, the country has some difficulties to finance the necessary investment for an

important growth. The government needs to find another way of finding the funds to finance its

growth ambitions. Some measure has been taken in order to increase the productivity of the

workforce. The government took the decisions to reduce the work costs (fewer taxes) and to

improve the education level. The OECD also advises to make the work legislation moreflexible.

4.2 Inflation rateand Purchasing power:

Turkish HICP rate graph

As it is shown in this graph, we can see that there was a very high inflation at the end of

the nineties. It is due to a crisis in the bank market. After 2002, the Central Bank of Turkey

putted in place a politic in order to master the inflation. As we can see on the graph, the CBT

succeeded after 2004 to maintain the inflation below 10% each year. Indeed, the inflation

before 2002 reached a very high rate which did not allow the economy to benefit the raise of


12/27


Page 12

the growth. By controlling the prices raise, some investments were done in sectors of the

economy. It has allowed the Turkish economy to maintain its comparative advantages.

Thanks to the growth of the last decade, the purchasing power of the Turkish consumers

has increased. It is mainly the consequence of the control of the inflation rate by the CBT. Dueto the lowness of the saving rate, consumers have more and more resort to consumer credit. It

allows a growth of the inner demand, especially in the sector of foreign goods. Nevertheless,

with an unemployment rate which is near 10%, not all consumers are benefiting the growth and

the improvement of the economy.

IV. Ecology

4.1

Energy & recycling

Since 1991 and the orientation of the economy to the secondary sector, the CO2 emission

has raised over 124%. In order to support the growth of the needs in energy, the government

has opened some coal factories, in addition of the increase of the importation of gas and fuel.

In 2023, 30% of the energy consumed will come from renewables energies (mainly solar).

Regarding the recycling, the government has some work to do. Indeed, only 1% of the

waste is recycled and the rest are put in the waste disposal. But some measure has been taken

in order to aware the population about selective sorting.

4.2

Laws

In 2009, the government settled a national strategy about global warming and launched

renewable energy projects. Some incentives measures have been taken for the industrial sector

in order to encourage the adoption of more ecological technologies.

V. Social

6.1 Education

With a literacy rate of 98% for the 15-24 years old, we can see that the effort of the

country to improve the knowledge of the population is working. Some politics has been settled

in order to support the economic ambition of the country. The proportion of children in fulltime

education in the primary reached almost 100%, it drops however at 77% for the men and 71%

for the women in the secondary. Efforts have to be made in this field to increase this last rate,

especially for the women.


13/27


Page 13

6.2 Lifestyle

The culture of this old empire is still very present in the way of life of the population. The

Islamic culture has a major role in the everyday life, as 99% of the population is Muslim. Also,

with the rapid development of Turkey, we can now observe two distinct parts of the country:

the west, which is now developed and looks more and more to the western countries, and the

East, which do not benefit from the growth of the last decades. Moreover, as any emergent

country, Turkey knows an important rural exodus and faces the arrival of the rural population

in the cities.

Saint Sophie mosque, Istanbul

6.3 Health

During the last two decades, the health of the population has improved in a significant way.

Indeed, the mortality rate of the children under 5 years old was of 72% in 1990 and decrease to


14/27


Page 14

15% in 2011. Also, progress has been made in the water treatment and in the sanitary

installations. The life expectancy at the birth is 74 years old against 60 years old in 1980. The

effort of the government to increase the wealth of its inhabitants is paying.

VI. General directions of the political and economic policies

being followed in order to develop the country

7.1 Political development

With the birth of Turkish republic, Turkey has always looked to the West, with two mains

pillars which are: keeping the status quo, and maintaining its western orientation.

To keep it that way, Turkey has approved major changes, getting from national capitalism

to international capitalism, from a modern state and society to a pluralist state and society, and

switching from Kemalism (Modern philosophy to sweep political, cultural and religious

reforms from Ottoman heritage to a more Westernized way of living.) to post Kemalism. It also

has a new political party since 2002, the AKP. The goal of this political movement is clearly to

modernize turkey and to westernize it. Thanks to the AKP, Turkey is now part of the European

Union:

Our party (The AKP) considers religion as one of the most important institutions ofhumanity, and secularism as a pre-requisite of democracy, and an assurance of the freedom ofreligion and conscience. It also rejects the interpretation and distortion of secularism as enmityagainst religion. Our Party refuses to take advantage of sacred religious values and ethnicityand to use them for political purposes. It considers the attitudes and practices which disturb

pious people, and which discriminate them due to their religious lives and preferences, as anti-democratic and in contradiction to human rights and freedoms. On the other hand, it is alsounacceptable to make use of religion for political, economic and other interests, or to put

pressure on people who think and live differently by using religion.(Ak Party Official Web

Site 2011).

Turkey is indeed a parliamentary democracy based on multi-party political system:

AKP = Centre right party

CHP = Republican People party

MHP = Nationalists

Whats also important to know is that Turkey has a strong past among Arab countries

(Syria, Iraq, Egypt, Libya), and tends to be a model among those countries. That means that

Turkey is now an open door from western countries to eastern ones. And that is exactly the

direction Turkey wants to take.


15/27


Page 15

7.2Whats new in Turkey

As said previously, the AKP is the main changing part in

Turkey politics and development. It has established record of

modernization, economic growth, and has made reforms for

Turkey to enter the European Union in 2007. The goal is to create

a real democracy, and it is now a path in good shape. Next

parliamentary elections are about take place in 2015, there is no

doubt that AKP will continue leading the country.

We have to know that AKP has introduced aZero-problem

initiative based on relationships with its neighbours. This

policy is aimed to get access to new markets and new strategicrelations and partnerships.

The aim of establishing a belt of security and prosperity in its

neighbourhood is also important for the steady continuation of

Turkeys development. Turkey has indeed achieved substantial

progress and stability in economic, political and social fields in

the last decade. Thats why, stability around its border is

essential. In this sense, the zero problems approach is a long term

goal on which we will work in patience. Indeed, we cant expect

it to be efficient instantly, Rome wasnt built in a day.

To get along with this, neighbours will have to implement

new politics as well and to make efforts in this way.

For example, bilateral relations with Syria has entered into a

new phase since the regime in Syria has engaged into violence

against its own people and denied calls for cooperation to end the

conflict. This is not due to the failure or inconsistency of the zero

problems approach, but rather Syrias own politics. However,

even under current circumstances, Turkey will not left Syrianpopulation behind and will do whatever needed to prevent

conflicts.

So Turkey is now part of EU, it is safe, politically stable, and

we know it is a significant hub for the transportation of oil and

gas as it acts as a bridge between Europe and some of the largest

energy suppliers in the world. A draft for Turkeys 10th five-year

economic development plan for 2014-2018 that has been sent to

Parliament aims to reach an annual growth rate of 5.5 percent, an

inflation rate of 4.5 percent and an unemployment rate of 7.2


16/27


Page 16

percent by the end of 2018.

The Ministry of Development said they planned to upgrade the economys potential growth

to achieve the 5.5 percent rate goal. The plan aims to increase the gross domestic product

(GDP) to $1.3 trillion and income per capital to $16,000.

The export volume, which was $152.5 billion last year, is aimed to rise to $277.2 billion by

the end of 2018 with an annual 11.9 percent increase. The import volume is aimed to reach

$404.3 billion by the end of 2018 from $236.5 billion last year with a 9.9 percent annual

increase. If the goals are achieved, the current account deficit will be $127 billion and the ratio

of the current account deficit to the GDP will be around 10 percent. However, the current

account deficit is planned to be $67.1 billion by the end of 2018 and the ratio of the current

account deficit to the GDP is set to be reduced to 5.2 percent from 6 percent in 2012.

The plan foresees creating 4 million new jobs with a 2.9 percent annual increase. Labourforce participation rate is aimed to increase to 53.8 percent by the end of 2018 from 50 percent

last year. A 2 percent decrease in the unemployment rate is targeted. As the plan envisages

decreasing the unemployment rate from 9.2 percent in 2012 to 7.2 percent.

The 10th development plan will lead the country to approach the 2023 targets that aim to

reach a $2 trillion GDP, $25,000 income per capita, $500 billion exports and a 5 percent

unemployment rate, the ministry said in a statement. The draft of the plan was presented to

Parliament on June 14.

7.3Corporate social responsibility

In 2008 a first CSR report was published as an outcome of an EU project which main goal

was to implement CSR in new EU member states.

We have to know that after the 2007 crisis, unemployment rates in Turkey increased

dramatically, reaching 12.8% in 2009, with 23.2% of unemployment within the youth

population (TurkStat).

However, despite this crisis, some corporate relations managers of large companies said

they would not give up on CSR in their companies. CSR is here considered as long term

strategy. But theres a problem as small & medium enterprises are getting an important role

in Turkey economy, and they do not have the same resources as large companies.

We also have to know that Turkey signed in 2009 the Kyoto Protocol, and it states that

developed countries should reduce their impact on environment, and that they should help less

developed ones to do so by investing in them. However, Turkey is not a developed country, nor

a developing country. A new term is out for countries in the same situation and itsAdvanced

developing country.


17/27


Page 17

Consequently, we may be able to see sanctions towards environmental protection and

reducing effects of global warming after 2013. No sanctions to corporations, related to

environmental protection have been set up in Turkey, so we can argue that CSR is not

implemented in Turkey State actions.

However, according to the CSR report on Turkey, the first 30 companies of Istanbul Stock

Exchange (ISE) National 100 Index have been studied on their approach of CSR.

Approximately 56% of these companies have published a CSR strategy report, 67% have

published a CSR section on their websites and 74% have their own ethical code.

Here we can see the practices of ISO-100 and the CSR fields used in these companies.

Then we can see that ISOs regulations are not really in use in Turkeys companies.


18/27


Page 18

Concerning the impact of Global Compact, which is the largest corporate citizenship and

sustainability initiative in the world, in Turkey, it started in 2002 with support of local

stakeholder. 160 companies signed a contract with GC by the end of 2009:

So we can conclude that CSR in Turkey, especially in private sector, is getting stronger &

stronger with the time. There are no sanctions for the moment from Turkey government, and

there is no public support because Turkey needs to adapt itself and is not prepared at the

moment after the 2007 crisis. But efforts will be maintain and finally Turkey will get CSR

regulations.

7.4 Corruption in Turkey

Corruption is an important topic to be spoken about. Especially if you are planning to

externalize abroad. There are a lot of companies forced to pay bribes. Turkey does not get

good marks on corruption indexes, but it has made some changes in its politics thanks to AKP.

Research by Transparency International indicates that Turkey rose from 77 th place to 54th

among the least affected countries by corruption. Last year, it appears that 21% of those

receiving services from institutions & organizations paid a bribe in Turkey. In comparison,

rates for UK and US are 5% & 7% respectively. Leaders are Japan, Finland & Denmark, with a

1% rate.


19/27


Page 19

The Corruption Perceptions Index

Apparently, corruption is important particularly with allocation of public resources and for

people dealing with public sector in the course of their work. It is also important in public

administration, education & the private sector, scoring 3.3 on a 1 to 5 scale.

Getting out of the underdeveloped or developing countries group where corruption is a fact

of life is for Turkey, more than just a positive step. Turkey needs to bring the bribery rate down

below 10%, especially if Turkey is to meet its commitment of becoming one of the worlds ten

largest economies by its target date of 2023, the hundredth anniversary of the Turkish

Republic.

Struggling against corruption is so becoming a priority target.

VII. Prospect for future trade between France & Turkey

8.1 Relationship between France & Turkey

Relationship between Turkey and France date back to 1526, since then they have had some

good and bad relations. But with the open market conditions (for industrial products) set off

with the EU-Turkey Customs Union starting in 1996, trade figures between France and Turkey

were boosted by two and a half fold during the ensuing five years, reaching 5.8billion Dollars in 2000, and with France registering a clear surplus. Turkey became France's

third largest trade partner outside the EU and France became Turkey's third largest partner

overall.

In 2011, Turkish-French bilateral trade volume reached 16 billion USD with a French

surplus of 2.42 billion USD. By the end of June 2012, 1.039 companies with French capital

were active in Turkey. French direct investment in Turkey reached 985 million USD in 2011.

As the world's 31st biggest exporter, Turkey shipped $140.8 billion worth of exports in

2008. Principal Turkish exports were apparel, foodstuffs, metal manufactures, textiles and


20/27


Page 20

transport equipment. Based on 2008 statistics, and France with 5% was in 5th.

On more up to date source the volume of trade between France and Turkey from January

to November this year was more than $13.5 billion, according to Turkish government statistics.

France is Turkeys fifth biggest export market and the sixth biggest source of imports.

Turkeys major export products include clothes, electronics, automobiles and agricultural

products. Other major products exported from Turkey include iron and steel, mineral fuels andoil, precious stones and tobacco. On the other hand, the major import commodities for Turkey

include electrical equipment, mechanical appliances, optical instruments, iron and steel, and

pharmaceutical products.


21/27


22/27


Page 22

next nuclear power plant. Aeroports de Paris, also acquired last year 38% of the leading

Turkish operator, TAV Turkish Airline, and paid 667 million euros for the holding.

French investments in Turkey keep going on and increase every year, proof that Turkey is

in a good shape and keep flowing, with a +5% growth each year, its economy is stable androbust, and it is clearly becoming an investment priority as it will keep growing in the next

years to come.

8.3 Turkish investments in France

There is only 40 Turkish companies in France. However, in recent years more than 60

Turkish companies are strongly thinking of locating there. Yet, France is the favourite one of

investors who want to turn to the whole Western Europe: its logistics in terms of travel (the

sides, the railway system and motorway) reassure the investors, and its geographic position too

(the centre of the Western Europe).

The bilateral relations between Turkey and France are doing very well. The company

(automotive) is established in France since a few years already and the collaborations do not

cease to increase. In addition to the automotive sector, the banks, as well as the airline industry

and the textile are the key sectors that Turkey never ceases to develop. They have to be

considered for future investments in France.

The French government has wanted to make it more attractive to foreign investors. That is

why it has simplified its system of integration of employees by eliminating the retail cardabroad, for example. For business leaders, the visas are no longer required. France has a

potential of public aid very developed and attractive for foreign companies. There are facilities

for tax credit for example, or of special taxation for these investors.

IX Conclusion

To sum up, we can see that, since the past years, in order to fulfil its ambition of becoming

a real regional power, Turkey has managed to bring more and more investments in itseconomy.

We first established a general statement about the actual situation of the country. Indeed,

from the time when the AKP enter the government in 2002, not only the economy got better,

but also the living conditions of the population. The country has opened itself on the exterior,

with the increase of the trade with UE, but also enlarges its economics partners.

On the second hand, we explored the political and economic measures taken, to develop

the country. We found out that Turkey has secured the political situation, and has reinforced the


23/27


Page 23

relationships with its direct neighbours. However, the country has to work on the high

corruption rate, if it wants to improve the foreign investments.

At last, we studied the economical relation between France and Turkey and we found out

that French companies has invested a lot in this country for the last years and that manypartnerships has been settled.

To conclude, Turkey is now considered as an emergent country and it is a good place to

invest and to do business, because it is only the beginning of the development of this future

great power.


24/27


Page 24

Minute

20/10/13: We decided the allocation of items between the four of us. Also, we organized

meetings every two weeks to check our task progress.

07/11/13: The question 1 (done by Mathilde and Cassandre) is almost done, the Social part of

the PESTEL, so as the Technology are still missing, but will be done by the next meeting. The

question 2 (by Orgil and Antoine) is also finished.

21/11/13: The third question is divided between Antoine, Orgil and Cassandre. Mathilde is

writing the conclusion after everybody ended the assignment.

07/12/13: Orgil did the layout file so as to complete with the three parts (questions) of the job.

13/12/13: We looked at the assignment together to see the final result of it.

We have decided to choose Turkey because we have felt it is one of the fastest growing

economies in the world and part of the MIST countries, and because it was a country we were

likely to know more about, as it is now European country. We felt Turkey has a lot of potential

in future and we found out there are not a lot of report on Turkey. Most of the reports are based

on China, Russia, Brazil etc BRIC countries.

All of us are really happy about what is the result of our common efforts. We had no problems

working together as we were working in respect with each other work, agreeing on who wouldwork on this or this part, everything was smooth and it comforts us for the future, as we are

working in parallel on other works. We enjoyed working on Turkey and we were a bit

disappointed to see that we could not implement all of our research in this report, as there was a

word count of 5000 (+-10%). We all learnt a lot about Turkey and its ongoing situation, and we

are proud to send you this report as a team.

We feel everybody in our group equal, fair and respectfully.


25/27


26/27


Page 26

http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/french-firm-may-invest-7-8-bln-euros-in-

turkey.aspx?pageID=238&nID=58138&NewsCatID=345 19/11/13

http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/french-investments-flow-to-

turkey.aspx?pageID=238&nID=15859&NewsCatID=345 13/02/12

http://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2012/07/04/le-grand-enfermement-des-libertes-en-

turquie_1728821_3232.html - 04/07/12

http://www.turquieeuropeenne.eu/+-politique-turque-+.html

http://www.oecd.org/fr/turquie/etudeeconomiquedelaturquie2012.htm - 2012

http://www.trader-forex.fr/actualite-forex/turquie-la-banque-centrale-laisse-ses-taux-directeurs-

inchanges-08076.html - 17/09/13

http://fr.global-rates.com/statistiques-economiques/inflation/indice-des-prix-a-la-

consommation/ipch/turquie.aspx

http://www.invest.gov.tr/fr-FR/investmentguide/investorsguide/Pages/FDIinTurkey.aspx

http://www.oecd.org/fr/turquie/etudeeconomiquedelaturquie2012.htm

http://www.bulletins-electroniques.com/actualites/74017.htm

http://www.bulletins-electroniques.com/actualites/58598.htm - 14/04/09

http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_BEI-12-157_fr.htm?locale=FR 09/11/12

http://www.oecd.org/fr/sti/inno/46713285.pdf - 2012

http://www.econostrum.info/Innovation-les-bons-choix-de-la-Turquie_a16257.html - 17/10/13

http://www.sant.ox.ac.uk/seesox/workshopreports/ReportfromTFPconf.pdf- 05/10

http://www.cdfai.org/PDF/Turkey%20Current%20and%20Future%20Political,%20Economic

%20and%20Security%20Trendsb.pdf 06/12

http://www.herodot.net/conferences/ayvalik/papers/geog-13.pdf

http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:vphBoQKoJ4kJ:oslo.emb.mfa.gov.tr/i

mages/localCache/1/80a0e276-4dc5-41af-99ca-

5f6896cd17c7.docx+&cd=1&hl=fr&ct=clnk&gl=ie

http://geert-hofstede.com/turkey.html -05/12/2013

http://www.solasconsulting.ie/about-us-05/12/2013

http://www.marietta.edu/~catalant/Management%20451.pdf-05/12/2013
http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/french-firm-may-invest-7-8-bln-euros-in-turkey.aspx?pageID=238&nID=58138&NewsCatID=345http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/french-firm-may-invest-7-8-bln-euros-in-turkey.aspx?pageID=238&nID=58138&NewsCatID=345http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/french-investments-flow-to-turkey.aspx?pageID=238&nID=15859&NewsCatID=345http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/french-investments-flow-to-turkey.aspx?pageID=238&nID=15859&NewsCatID=345http://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2012/07/04/le-grand-enfermement-des-libertes-en-turquie_1728821_3232.htmlhttp://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2012/07/04/le-grand-enfermement-des-libertes-en-turquie_1728821_3232.htmlhttp://www.turquieeuropeenne.eu/+-politique-turque-+.htmlhttp://www.oecd.org/fr/turquie/etudeeconomiquedelaturquie2012.htmhttp://www.trader-forex.fr/actualite-forex/turquie-la-banque-centrale-laisse-ses-taux-directeurs-inchanges-08076.htmlhttp://www.trader-forex.fr/actualite-forex/turquie-la-banque-centrale-laisse-ses-taux-directeurs-inchanges-08076.htmlhttp://fr.global-rates.com/statistiques-economiques/inflation/indice-des-prix-a-la-consommation/ipch/turquie.aspxhttp://fr.global-rates.com/statistiques-economiques/inflation/indice-des-prix-a-la-consommation/ipch/turquie.aspxhttp://fr.global-rates.com/statistiques-economiques/inflation/indice-des-prix-a-la-consommation/ipch/turquie.aspxhttp://www.invest.gov.tr/fr-FR/investmentguide/investorsguide/Pages/FDIinTurkey.aspxhttp://www.invest.gov.tr/fr-FR/investmentguide/investorsguide/Pages/FDIinTurkey.aspxhttp://www.oecd.org/fr/turquie/etudeeconomiquedelaturquie2012.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/fr/turquie/etudeeconomiquedelaturquie2012.htmhttp://www.bulletins-electroniques.com/actualites/74017.htmhttp://www.bulletins-electroniques.com/actualites/74017.htmhttp://www.bulletins-electroniques.com/actualites/58598.htmhttp://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_BEI-12-157_fr.htm?locale=FRhttp://www.oecd.org/fr/sti/inno/46713285.pdfhttp://www.oecd.org/fr/sti/inno/46713285.pdfhttp://www.econostrum.info/Innovation-les-bons-choix-de-la-Turquie_a16257.htmlhttp://www.sant.ox.ac.uk/seesox/workshopreports/ReportfromTFPconf.pdf-http://www.sant.ox.ac.uk/seesox/workshopreports/ReportfromTFPconf.pdf-http://www.cdfai.org/PDF/Turkey%20Current%20and%20Future%20Political,%20Economic%20and%20Security%20Trendsb.pdfhttp://www.cdfai.org/PDF/Turkey%20Current%20and%20Future%20Political,%20Economic%20and%20Security%20Trendsb.pdfhttp://www.herodot.net/conferences/ayvalik/papers/geog-13.pdfhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:vphBoQKoJ4kJ:oslo.emb.mfa.gov.tr/images/localCache/1/80a0e276-4dc5-41af-99ca-5f6896cd17c7.docx+&cd=1&hl=fr&ct=clnk&gl=iehttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:vphBoQKoJ4kJ:oslo.emb.mfa.gov.tr/images/localCache/1/80a0e276-4dc5-41af-99ca-5f6896cd17c7.docx+&cd=1&hl=fr&ct=clnk&gl=iehttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:vphBoQKoJ4kJ:oslo.emb.mfa.gov.tr/images/localCache/1/80a0e276-4dc5-41af-99ca-5f6896cd17c7.docx+&cd=1&hl=fr&ct=clnk&gl=iehttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:vphBoQKoJ4kJ:oslo.emb.mfa.gov.tr/images/localCache/1/80a0e276-4dc5-41af-99ca-5f6896cd17c7.docx+&cd=1&hl=fr&ct=clnk&gl=iehttp://geert-hofstede.com/turkey.htmlhttp://geert-hofstede.com/turkey.htmlhttp://www.solasconsulting.ie/about-ushttp://www.solasconsulting.ie/about-ushttp://www.marietta.edu/~catalant/Management%20451.pdfhttp://www.marietta.edu/~catalant/Management%20451.pdfhttp://www.marietta.edu/~catalant/Management%20451.pdfhttp://www.solasconsulting.ie/about-ushttp://geert-hofstede.com/turkey.htmlhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:vphBoQKoJ4kJ:oslo.emb.mfa.gov.tr/images/localCache/1/80a0e276-4dc5-41af-99ca-5f6896cd17c7.docx+&cd=1&hl=fr&ct=clnk&gl=iehttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:vphBoQKoJ4kJ:oslo.emb.mfa.gov.tr/images/localCache/1/80a0e276-4dc5-41af-99ca-5f6896cd17c7.docx+&cd=1&hl=fr&ct=clnk&gl=iehttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:vphBoQKoJ4kJ:oslo.emb.mfa.gov.tr/images/localCache/1/80a0e276-4dc5-41af-99ca-5f6896cd17c7.docx+&cd=1&hl=fr&ct=clnk&gl=iehttp://www.herodot.net/conferences/ayvalik/papers/geog-13.pdfhttp://www.cdfai.org/PDF/Turkey%20Current%20and%20Future%20Political,%20Economic%20and%20Security%20Trendsb.pdfhttp://www.cdfai.org/PDF/Turkey%20Current%20and%20Future%20Political,%20Economic%20and%20Security%20Trendsb.pdfhttp://www.sant.ox.ac.uk/seesox/workshopreports/ReportfromTFPconf.pdf-http://www.econostrum.info/Innovation-les-bons-choix-de-la-Turquie_a16257.htmlhttp://www.oecd.org/fr/sti/inno/46713285.pdfhttp://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_BEI-12-157_fr.htm?locale=FRhttp://www.bulletins-electroniques.com/actualites/58598.htmhttp://www.bulletins-electroniques.com/actualites/74017.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/fr/turquie/etudeeconomiquedelaturquie2012.htmhttp://www.invest.gov.tr/fr-FR/investmentguide/investorsguide/Pages/FDIinTurkey.aspxhttp://fr.global-rates.com/statistiques-economiques/inflation/indice-des-prix-a-la-consommation/ipch/turquie.aspxhttp://fr.global-rates.com/statistiques-economiques/inflation/indice-des-prix-a-la-consommation/ipch/turquie.aspxhttp://www.trader-forex.fr/actualite-forex/turquie-la-banque-centrale-laisse-ses-taux-directeurs-inchanges-08076.htmlhttp://www.trader-forex.fr/actualite-forex/turquie-la-banque-centrale-laisse-ses-taux-directeurs-inchanges-08076.htmlhttp://www.oecd.org/fr/turquie/etudeeconomiquedelaturquie2012.htmhttp://www.turquieeuropeenne.eu/+-politique-turque-+.htmlhttp://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2012/07/04/le-grand-enfermement-des-libertes-en-turquie_1728821_3232.htmlhttp://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2012/07/04/le-grand-enfermement-des-libertes-en-turquie_1728821_3232.htmlhttp://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/french-investments-flow-to-turkey.aspx?pageID=238&nID=15859&NewsCatID=345http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/french-investments-flow-to-turkey.aspx?pageID=238&nID=15859&NewsCatID=345http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/french-firm-may-invest-7-8-bln-euros-in-turkey.aspx?pageID=238&nID=58138&NewsCatID=345http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/french-firm-may-invest-7-8-bln-euros-in-turkey.aspx?pageID=238&nID=58138&NewsCatID=345


27/27


http://www.wallacefoundation.org/knowledge-center/after-school/collecting-and-using-

data/Documents/Workbook-B-Secondary-Research.pdf-05/12/2013

http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/countries/turkey-facts/ -05/12/2013

http://global.tbmm.gov.tr/index.php/EN/yd/ -05/12/2013

http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/new-plan-targets-55-percent-

growth.aspx?pageID=238&nID=48987&NewsCatID=344-05/12/2013

http://www.mfa.gov.tr/questions.en.mfa -05/12/2013

http://www.transparency.org/files/content/corruptionqas/313_Overview_of_corruption_and_ant

i-corruption_in_Turkey.pdf- 2012

http://www.turkishweekly.net/columnist/3775/the-fight-against-corruption.html -22/07/2013

https://www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr/pays/turquie

http://fr.global-rates.com/statistiques-economiques/inflation/indice-des-prix-a-la-

consommation/ipch/turquie.aspx

http://www.undp.org/content/undp/fr/home/ourwork/environmentandenergy/projects_an

d_initiatives/turkey-towards-climate-friendly-development/

http://www.novethic.fr/novethic/ecologie,environnement,turquie_politique_environnementale_

vivement_critiquee,139908.jsp 14/06/13

http://www.google.ie/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&sqi=2&ved=0CDgQFj

AC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Ffr%2Fenv%2Fexamens-

pays%2F41869370.doc&ei=NwCrUpi8J4SS7AbJu4Ag&usg=AFQjCNH7G9X-

0QOUyNThbh8b0VkibkewMw&sig2=BE0Sn8tMaM4QovDxrGpiTA&bvm=bv.57967247,d.Z

GU

http://www.unicef.org/french/infobycountry/Turkey_statistics.html
http://www.wallacefoundation.org/knowledge-center/after-school/collecting-and-using-data/Documents/Workbook-B-Secondary-Research.pdfhttp://www.wallacefoundation.org/knowledge-center/after-school/collecting-and-using-data/Documents/Workbook-B-Secondary-Research.pdfhttp://www.wallacefoundation.org/knowledge-center/after-school/collecting-and-using-data/Documents/Workbook-B-Secondary-Research.pdfhttp://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/countries/turkey-facts/http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/countries/turkey-facts/http://global.tbmm.gov.tr/index.php/EN/yd/http://global.tbmm.gov.tr/index.php/EN/yd/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/new-plan-targets-55-percent-growth.aspx?pageID=238&nID=48987&NewsCatID=344http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/new-plan-targets-55-percent-growth.aspx?pageID=238&nID=48987&NewsCatID=344http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/new-plan-targets-55-percent-growth.aspx?pageID=238&nID=48987&NewsCatID=344http://www.mfa.gov.tr/questions.en.mfa%20-05/12/2013http://www.mfa.gov.tr/questions.en.mfa%20-05/12/2013http://www.transparency.org/files/content/corruptionqas/313_Overview_of_corruption_and_anti-corruption_in_Turkey.pdfhttp://www.transparency.org/files/content/corruptionqas/313_Overview_of_corruption_and_anti-corruption_in_Turkey.pdfhttp://www.transparency.org/files/content/corruptionqas/313_Overview_of_corruption_and_anti-corruption_in_Turkey.pdfhttp://www.turkishweekly.net/columnist/3775/the-fight-against-corruption.htmlhttp://www.turkishweekly.net/columnist/3775/the-fight-against-corruption.htmlhttps://www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr/pays/turquiehttps://www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr/pays/turquiehttp://fr.global-rates.com/statistiques-economiques/inflation/indice-des-prix-a-la-consommation/ipch/turquie.aspxhttp://fr.global-rates.com/statistiques-economiques/inflation/indice-des-prix-a-la-consommation/ipch/turquie.aspxhttp://fr.global-rates.com/statistiques-economiques/inflation/indice-des-prix-a-la-consommation/ipch/turquie.aspxhttp://www.undp.org/content/undp/fr/home/ourwork/environmentandenergy/projects_and_initiatives/turkey-towards-climate-friendly-development/http://www.undp.org/content/undp/fr/home/ourwork/environmentandenergy/projects_and_initiatives/turkey-towards-climate-friendly-development/http://www.undp.org/content/undp/fr/home/ourwork/environmentandenergy/projects_and_initiatives/turkey-towards-climate-friendly-development/http://www.novethic.fr/novethic/ecologie,environnement,turquie_politique_environnementale_vivement_critiquee,139908.jsphttp://www.novethic.fr/novethic/ecologie,environnement,turquie_politique_environnementale_vivement_critiquee,139908.jsphttp://www.novethic.fr/novethic/ecologie,environnement,turquie_politique_environnementale_vivement_critiquee,139908.jsphttp://www.google.ie/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&sqi=2&ved=0CDgQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Ffr%2Fenv%2Fexamens-pays%2F41869370.doc&ei=NwCrUpi8J4SS7AbJu4Ag&usg=AFQjCNH7G9X-0QOUyNThbh8b0VkibkewMw&sig2=BE0Sn8tMaM4QovDxrGpiTA&bvm=bv.57967247,d.ZGUhttp://www.google.ie/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&sqi=2&ved=0CDgQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Ffr%2Fenv%2Fexamens-pays%2F41869370.doc&ei=NwCrUpi8J4SS7AbJu4Ag&usg=AFQjCNH7G9X-0QOUyNThbh8b0VkibkewMw&sig2=BE0Sn8tMaM4QovDxrGpiTA&bvm=bv.57967247,d.ZGUhttp://www.google.ie/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&sqi=2&ved=0CDgQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Ffr%2Fenv%2Fexamens-pays%2F41869370.doc&ei=NwCrUpi8J4SS7AbJu4Ag&usg=AFQjCNH7G9X-0QOUyNThbh8b0VkibkewMw&sig2=BE0Sn8tMaM4QovDxrGpiTA&bvm=bv.57967247,d.ZGUhttp://www.google.ie/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&sqi=2&ved=0CDgQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Ffr%2Fenv%2Fexamens-pays%2F41869370.doc&ei=NwCrUpi8J4SS7AbJu4Ag&usg=AFQjCNH7G9X-0QOUyNThbh8b0VkibkewMw&sig2=BE0Sn8tMaM4QovDxrGpiTA&bvm=bv.57967247,d.ZGUhttp://www.google.ie/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&sqi=2&ved=0CDgQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Ffr%2Fenv%2Fexamens-pays%2F41869370.doc&ei=NwCrUpi8J4SS7AbJu4Ag&usg=AFQjCNH7G9X-0QOUyNThbh8b0VkibkewMw&sig2=BE0Sn8tMaM4QovDxrGpiTA&bvm=bv.57967247,d.ZGUhttp://www.google.ie/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&sqi=2&ved=0CDgQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Ffr%2Fenv%2Fexamens-pays%2F41869370.doc&ei=NwCrUpi8J4SS7AbJu4Ag&usg=AFQjCNH7G9X-0QOUyNThbh8b0VkibkewMw&sig2=BE0Sn8tMaM4QovDxrGpiTA&bvm=bv.57967247,d.ZGUhttp://www.unicef.org/french/infobycountry/Turkey_statistics.htmlhttp://www.unicef.org/french/infobycountry/Turkey_statistics.htmlhttp://www.unicef.org/french/infobycountry/Turkey_statistics.htmlhttp://www.google.ie/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&sqi=2&ved=0CDgQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Ffr%2Fenv%2Fexamens-pays%2F41869370.doc&ei=NwCrUpi8J4SS7AbJu4Ag&usg=AFQjCNH7G9X-0QOUyNThbh8b0VkibkewMw&sig2=BE0Sn8tMaM4QovDxrGpiTA&bvm=bv.57967247,d.ZGUhttp://www.google.ie/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&sqi=2&ved=0CDgQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Ffr%2Fenv%2Fexamens-pays%2F41869370.doc&ei=NwCrUpi8J4SS7AbJu4Ag&usg=AFQjCNH7G9X-0QOUyNThbh8b0VkibkewMw&sig2=BE0Sn8tMaM4QovDxrGpiTA&bvm=bv.57967247,d.ZGUhttp://www.google.ie/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&sqi=2&ved=0CDgQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Ffr%2Fenv%2Fexamens-pays%2F41869370.doc&ei=NwCrUpi8J4SS7AbJu4Ag&usg=AFQjCNH7G9X-0QOUyNThbh8b0VkibkewMw&sig2=BE0Sn8tMaM4QovDxrGpiTA&bvm=bv.57967247,d.ZGUhttp://www.google.ie/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&sqi=2&ved=0CDgQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Ffr%2Fenv%2Fexamens-pays%2F41869370.doc&ei=NwCrUpi8J4SS7AbJu4Ag&usg=AFQjCNH7G9X-0QOUyNThbh8b0VkibkewMw&sig2=BE0Sn8tMaM4QovDxrGpiTA&bvm=bv.57967247,d.ZGUhttp://www.google.ie/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&sqi=2&ved=0CDgQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Ffr%2Fenv%2Fexamens-pays%2F41869370.doc&ei=NwCrUpi8J4SS7AbJu4Ag&usg=AFQjCNH7G9X-0QOUyNThbh8b0VkibkewMw&sig2=BE0Sn8tMaM4QovDxrGpiTA&bvm=bv.57967247,d.ZGUhttp://www.novethic.fr/novethic/ecologie,environnement,turquie_politique_environnementale_vivement_critiquee,139908.jsphttp://www.novethic.fr/novethic/ecologie,environnement,turquie_politique_environnementale_vivement_critiquee,139908.jsphttp://www.undp.org/content/undp/fr/home/ourwork/environmentandenergy/projects_and_initiatives/turkey-towards-climate-friendly-development/http://www.undp.org/content/undp/fr/home/ourwork/environmentandenergy/projects_and_initiatives/turkey-towards-climate-friendly-development/http://fr.global-rates.com/statistiques-economiques/inflation/indice-des-prix-a-la-consommation/ipch/turquie.aspxhttp://fr.global-rates.com/statistiques-economiques/inflation/indice-des-prix-a-la-consommation/ipch/turquie.aspxhttps://www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr/pays/turquiehttp://www.turkishweekly.net/columnist/3775/the-fight-against-corruption.htmlhttp://www.transparency.org/files/content/corruptionqas/313_Overview_of_corruption_and_anti-corruption_in_Turkey.pdfhttp://www.transparency.org/files/content/corruptionqas/313_Overview_of_corruption_and_anti-corruption_in_Turkey.pdfhttp://www.mfa.gov.tr/questions.en.mfa%20-05/12/2013http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/new-plan-targets-55-percent-growth.aspx?pageID=238&nID=48987&NewsCatID=344http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/new-plan-targets-55-percent-growth.aspx?pageID=238&nID=48987&NewsCatID=344http://global.tbmm.gov.tr/index.php/EN/yd/http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/countries/turkey-facts/http://www.wallacefoundation.org/knowledge-center/after-school/collecting-and-using-data/Documents/Workbook-B-Secondary-Research.pdfhttp://www.wallacefoundation.org/knowledge-center/after-school/collecting-and-using-data/Documents/Workbook-B-Secondary-Research.pdf