Global Cooperation on Earth Observations:

GEOSS Challenges and Asia-Pacific Activities

13-15 September 2004

IGOL Theme Team Meeting

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

1.Way to GEOSS2.JAXA Earth Observation Satellite Program for

GEOSS• A Long Term Plan • Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS)• Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT)• Global Precipitation Mission (GPM)• ADEOS-II Follow-on Mission (GCOM)

3.Capacity Building and International Cooperation• CEOP• APRSAF• AIT Seminar• Pilot Projects in Asia-pacific Region

4.Summary

Contents

3

Way to GEOSS

The Framework Document set out the nine topics on which there was agreement that clear societal benefits could be derived from a coordinated global observation system.

Nine Societal Benefit Topics

1. Disasters2. Health3. Energy4. Climate5. Water Cycle6. Weather7. Ecosystems8. Agriculture9. Biodiversity

4

JAXA Earth Observation Program for GEOSS

1330

A plan of advanced low Earth orbit satellites

To develop advanced low Earth orbit satellites→to aim cutting edge system and mutual complementary system to the operational system such as WWW, NPOESS

GCOM-W

GOSAT

CPR/EarthCARE

Sea surface wind vector

Scatterometer, AMSR F/O (GCOM-W)

SST　 AMSR F/O (GCOM-W)

Cloud structure

Cloud Profiling Radar (EarthCARE)

Aerosol GLI F/O (GCOM-C)

CO2

concentration

Greenhouse Gas Observation Sensor (GOSAT)

Precipitation Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (GPM)

Disaster monitoring

SAR/disaster monitoring satellites, Optical Sensor/

Geo-stationary EO satellite

To develop and operate an Earth Observation Network for GEOSS

GCOM-C

With NASA

With ESA

DPR/GPM

With NASA

Optical Sensor/Geo-stationary EO satellite

SAR/disaster monitoring satellites

5

A Long Term Plan of JAXA Earth Observation for GEOSS

JFY ~2002 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14

Disaster Monitoring &

Resource Management

[Optical Sensor]MOS-1, ADEOS(87~95) (96~97)

[Optical & SAR]JERS-1(92~98)

Global Warming & Global Water

Cycle Observation

Water CycleObservation

[Precipitation Radar]

TRMM/PR(97~)

[Microwave Sensor]MOS-1(87~95)

Climate ChangeObservation

[Optical Sensor]MOS-1, ADEOS(87~95) (96~97)

[Cloud Radar]

Greenhouse Gas Observation

[Spectrometer]ADEOS/ILAS

(96~97)

* Note: This chart includes NOT authorized plan　 Series satellites　 Operation Period　 After Operation Period

ALOS

Legend Symbol

Geo-Stationary Earth Observation Mission

Disaster Monitoring constellation Mission

GPM/DPRADEOS-II/AMSR

Aqua/AMSR-E

ADEOS-II/GLI

GCOM-W<Sea Surface Wind Vector, SST>

GCOM-C <Cloud, Aerosol. Vegetation>

ADEOS-II/ILAS-II

EarthCARE<Cloud, Aerosol>

GOSAT <CO2>

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Advanced Land Observing Satellite <ALOS> (1)

ALOS　 © JAXA

Main Characteristics •Mass : 3.9 tons•Orbit : Sun-synchronous Subrecurrent•Altitude : 800km•Launch target : JFY 2004•Mission life : 5 years

Japanese Earth Resources Satellite-1

(JERS-1)

Advanced Earth Observing Satellite

(ADEOS)

ALOS •Disaster monitoring•Cartography•Regional observation•Resource surveying•To address global warming

Enhanced land-observation technology

© JAXA

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Advanced Land Observing Satellite <ALOS> (2)

Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer type 2 (AVNIR-2)

•Observe land surface cover and land use

Observing Sensors

Panchromatic Remote sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping (PRISM)

•2.5m spatial resolution•Collect enough data for mapping on a scale of 25000 to 1

Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR)

• Day-and-night, all-weather land and ice sheet observation• Joint project by JAXA and the Ministry of Economy, Trade

and Industry (METI)

© JAXA

© JAXA

© JAXA

8

Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite <GOSAT>

Main Characteristics •Mass : About 1.65 tons•Orbit : Sun-synchronous subrecurrent orbit (Inclined : about 98deg)•Altitude : About 666 km•Launch target : JFY 2007

Number and distribution of ground-based CO2 monitoring stations is not enough.Satellite data from global and frequent observation is needed.

Distribution of ground-based greenhouse gases observing stations (Provided by NIES)

~’91 ’92~

Observing Station

GOSAT

© JAXA

Objectives•To precisely observe the distribution of the concentration of carbon dioxide and to confirm both the amounts and the area of CO2 sources and sinks.

•To observe the distribution of the concentration of greenhouse gases other than CO2, such as methane (CH4), in order to understand global warming more precisely.

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Global Precipitation Mission <GPM>

The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) is a follow-on and expanded mission of the current on-going Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and mainly initiated by JAXA, the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) and NASA.

Help researched analyze the mechanism of water cycle Improve the accuracy of both long-term and short-term weather forecastsImprove water resource management in river control and irrigation systems for agriculture

Core SatelliteDual-frequency precipitation radar (DPR)

Microwave radiometer (GMI) •Precipitation with high precision •Discrimination between rain and snow

Constellation SatellitesMicrowave radiometer

•Global precipitation every three hours

Core Satellite

Constellation Satellites

TRMM Era GPM Era

10

ADEOS-II Follow-on Mission (GCOM)

JAXA will propose a series of satellites for establishing GEOSS mainly focused on observations of global warming, water cycle and disaster.

– The series of satellites, GCOM (Global Climate Observation Mission), consist of 2 satellite series:

The sea surface observation mission, so called GCOM-W, will have AMSR F/O and scatterometer.

The atmospheric and terrestrial observation mission, so called GCOM-C, will have GLI F/O.

– Each satellite series will have 3 satellites with 5 years mission life to exceed 11 years which is a nominal period of solar cycle and is the longest period of climate change. The series totally covers 13 years overlapping 2 years.

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Capacity Building & Int’l Cooperation CEOP (Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period )

CEOP Reference sites for ground-based water cycle data

CEOP is built as the foundation of WCRP in cooperation with the WMO and CEOS under the framework of IGOS-P.

CEOP seeks to establish an integrated global observing system for the water cycle which responds to both scientific and social needs.

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Established in 1993 Objective : to enhance the

development of each country’s space program and to exchange views toward the future cooperation in space activities in the Asia-Pacific region

Capacity Building & Int’l CooperationThe Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum (APRSAF)

APRSAF is an annual meeting initiated jointly by MEXT/JAXA, and a co-host country to discuss current space-related issues faced by member countries.

[Members]26 countries (Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Cambodia, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, U.S.A, Viet Nam) + 8 International Organizations

APRSAF

Earth Observation WG Communication Satellite

Applications, Space Environment WG

Space Environment Utilization WG

Space Education and Awareness WG

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Training sessions on the basic technology and integration with satellite data and GIS is held at the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) for promoting utilization efficiency of JAXA satellite data and for solving environmental problems in the Asia-Pacific region.

Capacity Building & Int’l Cooperation AIT Seminar

•Training Program on Potential and Application of Microwave Remote Sensing (Advanced Training Course) •Remote Sensing and GIS for Urban Land Use Planning for Flood Mitigation•Moderate Resolution Satellite Data for Environment Planning & Management“•Training Program on" Application of Moderate Resolution Satellite Data for Environment Planning & Management"

Examples of sessions

14JAXA

Data

•Training and Technical Assistant•Support for Analysis Methodology•Consultation and Review

Pilot Project Planning in Thailand

ＧＩＳＴＤＡ

•ALOS data introduction•Processing, Analysis and Interpretation of ALOS data•Composition of other information and ALOS data

Operational Use of ALOS data for Land Management

by The Government of Thailand

AgreementC

oo

peratio

n

Department of Public Works and Town Planning (DTP)Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives

・ DEM Generation・ Detection of Change Area・ Extraction of City Area・ Digital Mapping・ Land Utilization Mapping

Roles of JAXA Roles of Participant

‐　 GOAL　‐

Expecting Outcomes・ Contribute to Town and Country Development Policy・ Governmental use for Land Management Application・ Promotion of Japanese Earth Observation Satellite

Capacity Building & Int’l Cooperation Participating Agency

Thailand

ALOSALOS

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Summary1. For the success of GEOSS, interoperability

among each system is mandatory. 2. The Framework Document set out the nine

Societal Benefit topics. JAXA will propose a series of satellites for establishing GEOSS mainly focused on observations of global warming, water cycle and disaster.

3. CEOP seeks to establish an integrated global observing system for the water cycle which responds to both scientific and social needs.

4. Several pilot projects in Asia -Pacific region is on-going, such as APRSAF, AIT seminar and ALOS data using projects in Thailand.