global destinations management...

Rediscovering Destination Choice Set as an

Useful Tool for Destination Branding Assessment

Francisco DiasPhD in Tourism Sciences (Perpignan University, France)

Editor-on-chief of European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and RecreationAssociate Professor at the Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Portugal

Member of GiTUR – Tourism Research Unit

GLOBAL DESTINATIONS

MANAGEMENT INDEX

The word destination is one the most used in the field oftourism.

It is used in marketing, planning and development, and inresearch.

One can find it in tourist guides, brochures and homepages,and in all kinds of textbooks and readers in tourism.

How can one word contain so many of tourism’s aspects?

So it is obvious that one should be suspicious.

Destination – an omnipresent but ambiguous word…

Studies of destination image or/and destination branding are mostly focused on the perspective of tourism promotion (the SUPPLY side).

Frequent questions underlying the research:- Who are the current and/or prospective visitors/consumer of “our” destination?- How tourists represent “our” destination in their mind?

All is about “OUR” DESTINATION or a specific destination.

The less known side of tourism destinations – the demand side

Meanwhile anybody cares about the big picture!The big picture is related to the following question:

How tourists represent in their mind the diversity of destinations existing in the world?

Consequently, the more general question is almost forgot:

What tourism destinations consumers keep in mind whem they think about a specific tourism product? (seaside tourism, cultural tourism, rural tourism, mountain tourism, city tourism…)


Main reasons for that scientific myopia:

1. The pragmatism of DMO at national, regional and local levels2. The financial dependence of researchers from national agencies3. Some methodological difficulties related to:

• the destination concept (its scope ranges from a “physical territory” to a pure “mental territory”)

• the cultural and linguistic diversity of tourists(to assess destinations as “mental territories” in the consumer mind it’s a herculean work, due to the many languages involved, countries of origin, huge panoply of destinations in comparison, etc…)


In the tourist’s mind, a destination is a mental

category


What institutions really do Consumer response

Brand identity Brand equity

Tourism destinations as a place brand

The territorial and community attachment of destinations brands

destination choice set

TRADITIONAL CHOICE-SET APPROACH

Consumers categorize into their mind all destinations they

are aware (Moutinho, 1987; Woodside and Lysonski, 1989; Um and Crompton, 1990).

The careful consideration of these mental sets is crucial in

the decision-making process of destinations.

Source: Decrop (2010)

Choice set types in the marketing and tourism literature

Choice set type Definition Authors

Universal set Totality of all alternatives that could be obtained or purchased by any consumer under any circumstance

Shocker et al. (1991)

Total opportunity set All possible brands Woodside and Sherrell (1977)

Awareness set Brands the consumer is aware of and can remember Howard and Sheth (1969)

Brands about which consumers have some awareness Brisoux and Laroche (1981)

Evoked set Brands that the consumer would consider and on which s/hegathers information

Howard (1963), Howard and Sheth (1969)

The subset of brands that a consumer considers buying out ofthe set of brands that he or she is aware of in a given product class

Howard (1977)

Brands acceptable to the consumer Belonax (1979)

Consideration set Brands that a consumer will consider Wright and Barbour (1977),Roberts (1989)

Brands that a consumer considers buying in the near future Roberts and Lattin (1991)

Action set Alternatives toward which the consumer takes some action (e.g., looking for information)

Spiggle and Sewall (1987)

Source: Decrop (2010)


Choice set type Definition Authors

Inert set Brands that are acceptable but not really needed (haveinsuficiente utility to be evaluated)

Narayana and Markin(1975)

Foggy set Brands consumers are aware of but are not processing Brisoux and Laroche (1981), Church, Laroche and Rosenblatt (1985

Inaction set Alternatives toward which the consumer takes no action (e.g., looking for information)

Spiggle and Sewall (1987)

Hold set Brands that consumers process only partially (because they are not appropriate)

Brisoux and Laroche (1981)

Brands about which consumers lack a final opinion (cannot say whether they would accept or reject)

Church et al. (1985)

Reject set Brands that consumers discard Brisoux and Laroche (1981)

Inept set Brands that are ruled unacceptable for some reason Narayana and Markin (1975)

Unavailable awareset

Brands the consumer is aware of but that are temporarilyunavailable for some reason

Woodside and Lysonski (1989)

Cont.

Destination Choice Set – Decrop’s (2010) model


Choice set type Definition Stage in the DecisionMaking process

Awareness Set Destinations the vacationer knows but does not express any affection with. This set reveals knowledge but not intention.

Consideration

Evoked Set Destinations considered spontaneously by the vacationer for future (but not especially the next) summer vacation.

Evaluation (+)

Surrogate Set Destinations that are not prioritized by the vacationer but are kept as spare alternatives (‘‘one never knows...’’).

Evaluation (+/-)

Exclusion set Destinations definitely rejected by the vacationer. Evaluation (-)

Dream Set Destinations that are considered as ideal places for traveling orvacationing but are permanently unavailable because of enduringstructural inhibitors.

Constraint(structural)

Unavailable Set Destinations considered by the vacationer that are temporarilyunavailable because of particular situational constraints.

Constraint(situational)

Available set Evoked destinations that really are feasible after considering thevacationer’s constraints

Constraint/final choice

Decrop’s (2010) model

Number of destinations in the mental sets

There are hundreds or thousands of destinations in competition…Only few of them – the winners ! – can “survive” in the consumers’ minds.

HOW MANY DESTINATIONS TOURISTS TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION AT THE SAME TIME ?

• Our research approach adopts the primacy of consumers’ point of view.

• Destination is conceptualized as mental categories (perceptions, images, mental

associations and preferences).

• The data collecting methodology consists of an online survey with open-ended

questions, using free recall techniques. We all are tourists!

Project: GLOBAL DESTINATIONS MANAGEMENT INDEX

• To fill in the survey, people from all over the world are invited to choose one

of the many linguistic versions at their disposal.

• In fact, being a tourist does not necessarily mean that you are able to speak a

foreign language.

• So, it allows all tourists to answer in their mother tongue or in a familiar

language – the platform includes 34 different languages.


European languages:

English: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-english/22/

Spanish: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-spanish/15/

German: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-germany/26/

French: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-french/21/

Portuguese: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-portuguese/20/

Russian: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-spanish/15/

Turkish: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-turkish/43/

Italian: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-italian/17/

Polish: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-polish/30/

Dutch: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-dutch/47/

Hungarian: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-hungary/39/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-english/22/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-spanish/15/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-germany/26/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-french/21/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-portuguese/20/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-spanish/15/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-turkish/43/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-italian/17/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-polish/30/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-dutch/47/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-hungary/39/

Czech: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-czech/42/

Slovak: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-slovak/35/

Swedish: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-swedish/33/

Catalan: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-catalan/24/

Norwegian: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-norwegian/31/

Greek: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-greek/27/

Romanian: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-romanian/55/

Bulgarian: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-bulgarian/28/

Croatian: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-croatian/41/

Lithuanian: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-lithuanian/40/

Latvian: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-latvian/38/

Albanian: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-albanian/57/

Armenian: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-armenian/34/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-czech/42/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-slovak/35/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-swedish/33/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-catalan/24/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-norwegian/31/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-greek/27/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-romanian/55/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-bulgarian/28/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-croatian/41/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-lithuanian/40/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-latvian/38/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-albanian/57/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-armenian/34/

Non-European Languages:

Chinese (Traditional): http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-chinese-traditional/25/

Chinese (Simplified): http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-chinese-simplified/14/

Arabic: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-arabic/18/

Japanese: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-japanese/23/

Korean: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-korean/32/

Indonesian: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-bahasa-indonesia/29/

Hindi: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-hindi/56/

Thai: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-thai/58/

Persian: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-persian-farsi/37/

Nepali: http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-nepali/36/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-chinese-traditional/25/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-chinese-simplified/14/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-arabic/18/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-japanese/23/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-korean/32/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-bahasa-indonesia/29/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-hindi/56/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-thai/58/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-persian-farsi/37/

http://favouritedestinations.com/en/eforms/fd-nepali/36/

Geographic-based destinations worldwide indexes:

Global Tourism Destinations Index

Index of Nation Destinations

Index of Region Destinations

Index of City Destinations

National Tourism Destinations Indexes

Product-based destinations indexes:

Index of Seaside Tourism Destinations

Index of Cultural Tourism Destinations

Index of Ecotourism Destination

Index of Wellness Tourism Destinations

Index of Rural Tourism Destinations

Index of Gastronomic Tourism Destinations

Index of City Tourism Destinations

Index of Mountain Tourism Destinations

Index of Sport Tourism Destinations

Index of Religious Tourism Destinations

Index of Shopping Tourism Destinations

Index of Cruise Tourism Destinations

Index of Golf Tourism Destinations

Index of Business Tourism Destinations


SOME PRELIMINARY RESULTS

Where your “dream destinations” is located?

The TOP 20 “dream destinations”

Portuguese Sample N Continent

Australia 18 Oceania

new York 16 America

India 15 Asia

Maldives 14 Asia

New Zealand 14 Oceania

Japan 12 Asia

Iceland 10 Europe

Brazil 8 America

Egypt 8 Africa

Thailand 7 Asia

Argentina 7 America

Chile 6 America

Cuba 6 America

Scotland 6 Europe

USA 6 America

Peru 6 America

Polynesia 5 Oceania

Amazonia 5 America

Central America 4 America

Bora Bora 4 Oceania

Italian sample N Continent

New York 38 America


Caribbean 17 America

Cuba 16 America

Polynesia 12 Oceania

America 10 America

Japan 10 Asia

Paris 10 Europe

USA 9 America

Hawaii 8 America

Maldives 8 Asia

Argentina 6 America

California 6 America

Dubai 6 Asia

Bora Bora 5 Oceania

Brazil 4 America

Ireland 4 Europe

Iceland 4 Europe

London 4 Europe

Mexico 4 America

Greek Sample N Continent

New York 42 America

Cuba 31 America

Maldives 30 Asia

Latin America 29 America

Paris 13 Europe

Caribbean 12 America


Hawaii 10 America

France 10 Europe

Peru 9 America

Italy 8 Europe

USA 8 America

Russia 7 Europe

Japan 6 Asia

India 6 Asia

China 6 Asia

Barcelona 6 Europe

America 6 America

Seychelles 4 Asia

Rio de Janeiro 4 America

DIMENSION 1:

Culture, heritage, traditions andcultural attractions

ATRIBUTES N Data obtained by free recall – online survey

Culture, customs and traditions 17 Culture (9), History (5), Tradition (3)

Cultural diversity 8Cosmopolitan (2), ethnic (3), ethnic diversity (1), MeltinPot (1) multicultural (1)

Historical and cultural heritage 5 Civilization (1) Latin (3), native language (1)

Art 2 Architecture (1) art (1)

Cultural attractions 9Music (5), University (1), dance (1), pyramids (1), iconic monuments (1)

Modernity 22

Modern (5), Skyscrapers (2) Innovative (3) Technology (3), Progress (3) Future (2), Vanguard (1) Futuristic (1) Development (1), multimedia (1 )

DIMENSION 2:

Nature, landscape and natural attractions


Beaches 21 Sea (18), beaches (3)

Nature 9 Nature (9)

Landscape 7Landscape (4), lush landscape (1), panoramic scenery (1), diverselandscape (1)

Natural attractions 14 heaven (6) Kangaroos (4), ice (1), Parks (2), Fjords (1)

Conservation issues 16Preserved (5), wild (5), natural (2), pure (1) unchanged (1) uncontaminated (1), green (1)

The content of the “dream destinations” category:Italian sample

DIMENSION 3:

General attractiveness of the destination


Climate 18 Sun (9) Hot (8), heat (1)

Beauty 15 Beauty (6), beautiful (6), colored (3)

Exotic 14 Different (10) Exotic (4)

Authenticity 2 Genuine (1) original (1)

DIMENSION 4:

Hospitality and quality of tourism services


Gastronomy 1 Cooking (1)

Opportunities for entertaiment 7 Entertainment (6), Joy (1)

Diversity of attractions 7 Diversity (2), Safari (1) night (1), Variety (1), Opportunities (2)

People 2 Women (1), Young people (1)

Infrastructure 4 Good roads (2), Bike paths (1), metropolitan (1) Lights (1)

Quality of service 4 Efficiency (1), Clean (1), Appropriate institutions (1), Appropriate (1)

The content of the “dream destinations” category:Italian sample

DIMENSION 5:

Experience (emotional impact)

Italian sample


Feeling of alluring 35Interesting (8) Enchanting (6), Brave (2), perfect (3) Fantastic (2), wonderful (5), exciting (4), beautiful (2), amazing (1), fascinating (1), attractive (1)

Feeling of mystery/ adventure 19 Adventure (8), Magic (8), mystery (2), curiosity (1)

Feeling of tranquility 12 Tranquility (5), relaxing (4) Peace (3)

Feeling of intimity 8 Romantic (8)

Feeling of novelty 5 Surprising (2), unexpected (1), intriguing (1), new experiments (1),

Feeling of freedom 3 Freedom (2) free (1)

Experience in general 9 Experience (7), Passion (1) inspired (1)

DIMENSION 6:

Other functional and psychological attributes


Distance and location 11 Remote (7), Far (2) Accessible (1), Central (1)

Status 9 Wealth (4), luxury (1), exclusive (1), expensive (1), fashion (1), wealth (1)

Descriptive attributes 19

Simplicity (2), classical (1), carefree (1), refined (1) busy (1), flexibility (1) Pacific (2), unknown (2) Development (2), chaotic (1) quality (1), solidarity (1) great (1), accurate (1) objective (1), exuberance (1)

Utilitary attributes 3 Shopping (2), opportunities (1)

Spiritual attributes 17 Paradise (2), idyllic (2) dream/dreamer (9), mythology (1), soul (1) utopian (1)

The content of the “dream destinations” category:

DIMENSION 1:



Culture, customs and traditions 60Culture (48), Tradition (7), Heritage (3) Language (1), customs and traditions (1)

Cultural diversity 18 Multiculturalism (5), Cultural Diversity (2), Cosmopolitan (11)

Historical and cultural heritage 11 Monumentality (4), Castles (2), Grandeur (4), built heritage (1)

Art 6 Art (2) Creativity (2) Architecture (1) design (1)

Cultural attractions 6Tango (1), Movies (1), Wine tourism (1), museums (1) Music (1), Gardens (1)

Modernity 4 Modernity (3) Advanced (1) Vanguard (1)

DIMENSION 2:



Beaches 44Beaches (31) Sea (7), hot water (2), Wave (1), Transparent water (2) Water (1)

Nature 33 Nature (28), Green (3), Virgin (1), Biodiversity (1), Selva (1)

Landscape 32 Landscape (15) Landscape (16) Views (1)

Natural attractions 6Flowers (1), turtles (1) Mountain (1), Northern Lights (1), Coral (1) snow (1)

Conservation issues 4 Pure (2), Saved (1) Intact (1) Wild (4)

The content of the “dream destinations” category:Portuguese sample

DIMENSION 3:



Climate 30Sun (15), Heat (10), Tropical climate (1), Light (1), Warm (1), Tropical (1) Good weather (1)

Beauty 25 Beauty (19), Beautiful (3), Picturesque (1), Color (1)

Exotic 25 Exotic (16) Other (9)

Authenticity 18 Authenticity (4) Single (9), Single (4), Genuine (1)

DIMENSION 4:



Gastronomy 17 Gastronomy (9), Food (6) Cooking (1), flavors (1)

Opportunities for entertaiment 10 Fun (3) Lively (1) Dance (1) Party (1), Funny (1), Entertainment (1)

Diversity of attractions 9 Attractions diversity (5), variety of attractions (4)

People 7 People (5), Kindness (1) Friendship (1)

Infrastructure 1 Infrastructure (1)

Quality of service 0 No references

The content of the “dream destinations” category:Portuguese sample

DIMENSION 5:


Portuguese sample


Feeling of alluring 23

Fantastic (3), Fascinating (3), Wonderful (3), Stunning (2), Exciting (2), Inspiring (2), Appealing (1), Captivating (1), Exciting (1), Lush (1), Fantastic (1), Amazing (1), Interesting (2)

Feeling of mystery/ adventure 17 Enigmatic (1), Mysterious (6), Magic (4), Adventure (6)

Feeling of tranquility 13 Tranquility (8), Relaxing (3), Quiet (2)

Feeling of intimity 11 Cozy (3), Lovely (2), Passionate (1), Charm (1) Romantic (5)

Feeling of novelty 6 Surprising (2), Novelty (2), Unknown (2)

Feeling of freedom 4 Freedom (4)

DIMENSION 6:



Distance and location 0

Status 0


Utilitary attributes 0

Spiritual attributes 0


DIMENSION 1:



Culture, customs and traditions 40 Culture (25), History (13), Civilization (10), Religion (1), Tradition (1)

Cultural diversity 7 Cosmopolitan (5), Lifestyle (1), Language (1)

Historical and cultural heritage 2 Forbidden city (1), historic monuments (1)

Art 6 Art (4), Dali (1), Modern Architecture (1)

Cultural attractions 26

Dance (6) Music (5), technology (4), museums (3), sorcery (2), water in homes (1) watches (1), devotion (1) University (1) monuments (1 ), knowledge (1)

Modernity 2 Modern (2)

DIMENSION 2:



Beaches 20 Sea (7), Sun (6), Beach (3), Blue (1), white sand (1), Ocean (2)

Nature 5 Nature (5)

Landscape 10Views (5), Green (1), landscape diversity (1), natural scenery (1), exotic landscapes (1), colors (3), Picturesque (1)

Natural attractions 7Volcanoes (1) Desert (1), geomorphology (1), wild places (1), high mountains (1) snow (1), Parks (1)

Conservation issues 1 Environment (1)

The content of the “dream destinations” category:Greek sample

DIMENSION 3:



Climate 5 Heat (2), Rainy (1), Sunny (1), Warm (1)

Beauty 15 Beauty (8), beautiful (6), setting (1)

Exotic 51 Exotic (24) Other (20) Different Culture (5), tropical (2)

Authenticity 11 Single (8), authentic (1) Unusual (1) rare (1)

DIMENSION 4:



Gastronomy 10 Food (5), meals (2), Kitchen (1), chocolate (1), alcohol (1)

Opportunities for entertaiment 23

Entertainment (10) Entertainment (4), animated (1), action (1), Water activities (1), attractions (1), Carnival (1), concerts (1), swimming (1), joy (1) , energy (1)

Diversity of attractions 9 Diversity (6), options (2), variety (1)

People 3 people (1), hospitality (1), colorosas people (1)

Infrastructure 3 Bike paths (1), metropolitan (1) Lights (1)

Quality of service 0 No references

The content of the “dream destinations” category:Greek sample

DIMENSION 5:


Greek sample


Feeling of alluring 36

Interesting (8) Enchanting (6), Brave (2), perfect (3) Fantastic (2), wonderful (5), exciting (4), beautiful (2), amazing (1), fascinating (1) exuberance (1), attractive (1)

Feeling of mystery/ adventure 19 Adventure (8), Magic (8), mystery (2), curiosity (1)

Feeling of tranquility 12 Tranquility (5), relaxing (4) Peace (3)

Feeling of intimity 8 Romantic (8)

Feeling of novelty 5 Surprising (2), unexpected (1), intriguing (1), new experiments (1),

Feeling of freedom 3 Freedom (2) free (1)

Experience in general 9 Experience (7), Passion (1) inspired (1)

DIMENSION 6:



Distance and location 11 Remote (7), Far (2) Accessible (1), Central (1)

Status 9 Wealth (4), luxury (1), exclusive (1), expensive (1), fashion (1), wealth (1)


Simplicity (2), classical (1), carefree (1), refined (1) busy (1), flexibility (1) Pacific (2), unknown (2) Development (2), chaotic (1) quality (1), solidarity (1) great (1), accurate (1) objective (1)

Utilitary attributes 3 Shopping (2), opportunities (1)

Spiritual attributes 17Paradise (2), idyllic (1) dream / dreamer (9), idyllic location (1), mythology (1), soul (1) and (1) utopian (1)


17%

18%

13%

6%

37%

8%

0,20

0,11

0,20

0,12

0,23

0,14

24%

27%

22%

10%

17%

0%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%

Culture, heritage, traditions and cultural attractions





Other functional and psychological attributes of the destination

Portugueses Greeks Italians

The content of the “dream destinations” category

Where your “dream destinations” is located?

82%

84%

71%

15%

15%

28%

3%

1%

1%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Portugueses

Italians

Greeks

In another continent In another European country In own county

Where your favourite “seaside tourism destination” is located?

Where your favourite “seaside tourism destination” is located?

39%

17%

0%

17%

20%

3%

44%

63%

97%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Portuguese

Italians

Greeks

In another continent In another European country In own country

Where your favourite “cultural tourism destination” is located?

Where your favourite “cultural tourism destination” is located?

10%

8%

5%

71%

54%

60%

19%

38%

35%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Portuguese

Italians

Greeks

In another continent In another European country In own country


Independent variables

Gender

Age

Travel

opportunities

Length of holidays

Country of origine

Country of residence

Dependent variables

Dream destinations by free recall

Favourite destinations by free recall

Preferred tourism products

Attributes to referred tourism destinations

Data analysis Crosstabulations


Indexes

Product-based destinations

(both worldwide and national levels):

Index of Seaside Tourism Destinations

Index of Cultural Tourism Destinations

Index of Ecotourism Destination

Index of Wellness Tourism Destinations

Index of Rural Tourism Destinations

Index of Gastronomic Tourism Destinations

Index of City Tourism Destinations

Index of Mountain Tourism Destinations

Index of Sport Tourism Destinations

Geographic-based destinations

Global Tourism Destinations Index

Index of Nation Destinations

Index of Region Destinations

Index of City Destinations

National Tourism Destinations Indexes

Expected research outputs


Expected research outputs

Multidimensional Profile of the TOP destinations

o Profile of prospective tourists (these that desire to visit a given destination, by age,

gender, country of origin, country of residence, tourism products)

o Profile of current tourists that a given destination as their “favourites” (by age,

gender, country of origin, country of residence, tourism products);

o Tourism products (and its more salient attributes attributes) associated to a given

destination.


Partners

Elizete Kreutz (College UNIVATES, Brazil), Stanislav Ivanov (International University College, Bulgaria), Srbuhi Musikyan

(GiTUR – Armenia); Daniela Coelho (Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi), Anne-Marie Lebrun (University of

Burgundy, France), Max Hoeck (Independent Researcher/GiTUR), Kostas Zafiropoulos (University of Macedonia,

Greece), Yanki Hartijasti (Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia), Hamid Zargham (Allameh Tabataba'i University, Iran),

Antonio Magliulo (Rome University of International Studies, Italy), Alessandro De Nisco (University of Sannio, Italy),

Miyagi Hirofumi (Osaka University of Commerce, Japan), Emese Panyik (Catholic University, Porftugal), Prakash

Neupane (Independent Researcher, Nepal), Fernando Puente Zambrano and Nicolás Derval (CIDTUR, Peru), Joanna

Kosmaczewska (University of Economy in Bydgoszcz, Poland), Hugo Marcos (APTUR, Portugal), Galal Afifi (Sultan

Qaboos University, Oman), Marica Mazurek (Matej Bel University, Slovakia), Alfonso Vargas (University of Huelva,

Spain), Che-Jen Su (Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan), Kevser Cinar (Necmettin Erbakan University, Turkey).

Research network at this moment:

Partners for the following countries are welcome:

Canada, China, Columbia, Finland, Island, India, Hong Kong, Macao, Mongolia, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway,

Philippines, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Sweden, Thailand, United States of America,


Expected contributions

The expected contributions of partners of different countries may include:

a) Translate the questionnaires to his/her own native language;

b) To ensure the automatic translation of the output database from his/her native language to

English, and send the translated database to the administrator of the Platform.

c) To give useful inputs for the qualitative improvement of the Online Platform (suggestions and

advices related to the methodology, and assistance in the coordinated efforts to promote the

Platform of Babel as a Global Brand);

d) To coordinate the data collecting process in this/her country.


Benefits for partners

Co-authorship in articles focused on cross-cultural comparisons in destination preferences

and destination choice, etc…

Free access to the primary data related to his/her country, namely:

All data of the respondents from the researcher’s country (outgoing tourists);

All data related to destinations located in the researcher’s country (data from

incoming tourist worldwide).

To act as Editor of the Annual Report of his/her Country Destinations Index

Credits as member of the research team in Report of Global Destination Index, produced

annually and edited by the APTUR, the owner of the Platform of Babel.

Thankyou for

yourattention

global destinations management...

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