global guidance for cervical cancer prevention and control

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Page 1: Global Guidance For Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control

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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1 World Health Organization. Comprehensive cervical cancer control: A guide to essential practice. 2006. Available at: http://www.rho.org/files/WHO_CC_control_2006.pdf

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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!12!U.*/3&0!O=!C5'_*48!<=!29&4!>=!?545+.4=!E/.;:9.F!2#!7.D*;!;&'3*4&!*4!F./):!.B)&/!4.)*54.3!](.;/*+.3&4)!CQT!+.''*4&!D/58/.-#!N9&!"R)9!A4)&/4.)*54.3!Q.D*335-.+*/(:!254B&/&4'&m!"\\X!>.0!j`[Mm!>.3-|=!,F&;&4#!!!13 ,9&B&/!I=!>./_5F*)P!^=!?&&_:!,=!N.-!N=!A/F*4!b=!O./3.4;!,>=!&)!.3#!!$./30!&%D&/*&4'&!F*)9!9(-.4!D.D*335-.+*/(:!+.''*4&!*4)/5;(')*54!*4!)9&!G4*)&;!,).)&:=!2.4.;.!.4;!I(:)/.3*.#!T.''*4&!"\\j!I(8m"SK,(DD3[\L6bSj`bWR#!!14 Garland SM, Steben M, Sings HL, James M, Lu S, Railkar R, et al. Natural history of genital warts: Analysis of the placebo arm of 2 randomized phase III trials of a quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) vaccine. J Infect Dis 2009 Mar;199(6):805-14. [R!?*:'(::&;!*4!D/&+*5(:!'9.D)&/, “HPV Vaccines: Characteristics, Target Population and Safety”. page 16.!

16 Garland SM, Ault K, et al. Pregnancy and infant outcomes in the clinical trials of human papillomavirus type 6/11/16/18 vaccine. Obstet Gynecol 2009. In press. 17 Weinberg A, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a quadrivalent vaccine to prevent human papillomavirus (HPV) in HIV-infected children: IMPAACT P1047. Poster 619a presented at the 15th Conference on Retroviral and Opportunistic Infections; February 3-6, 2008; Boston, USA.

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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1 Megevand E, Van Wyk W, Knight B, Bloch B. Can cervical cancer be prevented by a see, screen, and treat program? A pilot study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996 Mar;174(3):923-8. 2 Denny L, Kuhn L, De Souza M, Pollack AE, Dupree W, Wright TC. Screen-and-treat approaches for cervical cancer prevention in low-resource settings. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005;294:2173-81.

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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!3 Qiao YL, Sellors JW, Eder PS, Bao YP, Lim JM, Zhao FH, et al. A new HPV-DNA test for cervical-cancer screening in developing regions: A cross-sectional study of clinical accuracy in rural China. Lancet Oncol 2008 Oct;9(10):929-36. 4 Soler ME, Gaffikin L, Blumenthal PD. Cervical cancer screening in developing countries. Prim Care Update Ob Gyns 2000 May-Jun;7(3):118-23. 5 Sankaranarayanan R, Esmy PO, Rajkumar R, Muwonge R, Swaminathan R, Shanthakumari S, et al. Effect of visual screening on cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Tamil Nadu, India: A cluster-randomised trial. Lancet 2007 Aug;370(9585):398-406. 6 Luciani S, Gonzales M, Munoz S, Jeronimo J, Robles S. Effectiveness of cryotherapy treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2008 May;101(2):172-7. 7 Goldie SJ, Gaffikin L, Goldhaber-Fiebert JD, Gordillo-Tobar A, Levin C, Mahé C, et al. Cost-effectiveness of cervical-cancer screening in five developing countries. Alliance for Cervical Cancer Prevention Cost Working Group. N Engl J Med. 2005 Nov;353(20):2158-68.

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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!![!b*)'9&4&/!C2=!,0-54;:!Q#!?&)&')*54!5B!'&/+*'.3!*4)/.&D*)9&3*.3!4&5D3.:*.!*4!;&+&35D*48!'5(4)/*&:#!^.4'&)![XXX!>./m1R1KX[RSL6jRS`W#!2 Gustafsson L, Pontén J, Zack M, Adami HO. International incidence rates of invasive cervical cancer after introduction of cytological screening. Cancer Causes Control. 1997 Sep;8(5):755-63. 3 Safaeian M, Solomon D, Castle PE. Cervical cancer prevention-cervical screening: Science in evolution. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2007 Dec;34(4):739-60. 4 Ferlay J, Bray F, Pisani P, Parkin DM. GLOBOCAN 2002: Cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence worldwide. IARC CancerBase No. 5, version 2.0. Lyon, France: IARC Press, 2004. 5 Goldie SJ, Gaffikin L, Goldhaber-Fiebert JD, Gordillo-Tobar A, Levin C, Mahé C,et al. Cost-effectiveness of cervical-cancer screening in five developing countries. Alliance for Cervical Cancer Prevention Cost Working Group. N Engl J Med. 2005 Nov;353(20):2158-68. 6 Lozano R. Comparison of computer-assisted and manual screening of cervical cytology. Gynecol Oncol. 2007 Jan;104(1):134-8. 7 Soisson AP, Reed E, Brown P, Ducatman B, Armistead J, Kennedy S, et al. Self-test device for cytology and HPV testing in rural Appalachian women: An evaluation. J Reprod Med. 2008 Jun;53(6):441-8. 8 Downs LS, Smith JS, Scarinci I, Flowers L, Groesbeck P. The disparity of cervical cancer in diverse populations. Gynecol Oncol 2008 May;109(2, Supplement 1);S22-S30. 9 Kim JJ, Leung GM, Woo PP, Goldie SJ. Cost-effectiveness of organized versus opportunistic cervical cytology screening in Hong Kong. J Public Health (Oxf) 2004 Jun;26(2):130-7. 10 Mandelblatt JS, Lawrence WF, Gaffikin L, Limpahayom KK, Lumbiganon P, Warakamin S,et al. Costs and benefits of different strategies to screen for cervical cancer in less-developed countries. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002 Oct;94(19):1469-83.

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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!11 Goldie SJ, Kuhn L, Denny L, Pollack A, Wright TC. Policy analysis of cervical cancer screening strategies in low-resource settings: Clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness. JAMA 2001 Jun;285(24):3107-15. 12 Smith RA, Cokkinides V, von Eschenbach AC, Levin B, Cohen C, Runowicz CD, et al. American Cancer Society guideline for the early detection of cervical neoplasia and cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 2002 Jan-Feb;52(1):8-22. [1!O53;*&!,<=!b*-!<<=!@/*89)!N2#!25:)`&BB&')*+&4&::!5B!9(-.4!D.D*335-.+*/(:!?YI!)&:)*48!B5/!'&/+*'.3!'.4'&/!:'/&&4*48!*4!F5-&4!.8&;!1\!0&./:!5/!-5/&#!VH:)&)!O04&'53!"\\M!ID/m[\1KML6S[X`1[#!

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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1 Sankaranarayanan R, Nene BM, Shastri SS, Jayant K, Muwonge R, Budukh A, et al. HPV screening for cervical cancer in rural India. N Engl J Med 2009 Apr;360(14):1385-94. 2 Bosch FX, Burchell AN, Schiffman M, Giuliano AR, de Sanjose S, Bruni L, et al. Epidemiology and natural history of human papillomavirus infections and type-specific implications in cervical neoplasia. Vaccine 2008 Aug;26(Suppl 10):K1-16. 3 Mayrand MH, Duarte-Franco E, Rodrigues I, Walter SD, Hanley J, Ferenczy A, et al. Canadian Cervical Cancer Screening Trial Study Group. Human papillomavirus DNA versus Papanicolaou screening tests for cervical cancer. N Engl J Med 2007 Oct;357(16):1579-88. 4 Shastri SS, Dinshaw K, Amin G, Goswami S, Patil S, Chinoy R, et al. Concurrent evaluation of visual, cytological and HPV testing as screening methods for the early detection of cervical neoplasia in Mumbai, India. Bull World Health Organ 2005 Mar;83(3):186-94. 5 Arbyn M, Sasieni P, Meijer CJ, Clavel C, Koliopoulos G, Dillner J. Chapter 9: Clinical applications of HPV testing: A summary of meta-analyses. Vaccine 2006 Aug;24(Suppl 3):S3/78-89. 6 Dillner J, Rebolj M, Birembaut P, Petry KU, Szarewski A, Munk C, et al. Long term predictive values of cytology and human papillomavirus testing in cervical cancer screening: Joint European cohort study. BMJ 2008 Oct;337:a1754. 7 Khan MJ, Castle PE, Lorincz AT, Wacholder S, Sherman M, Scott DR, et al. The elevated 10-year risk of cervical precancer and cancer in women with human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 or 18 and the possible utility of type-specific HPV testing in clinical practice. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005 Jul;97(14):1072-9.

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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!8 Longatto-Filho A, Roteli-Martins C, Hammes L, Etlinger D, Miranda Pereira SM, Erz˘en M, et al. Self-sampling for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as cervical cancer screening option. Experience from the LAMS Study. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 2008; 29(4):327-32. 9 Stewart DE, Gagliardi A, Johnston M, Howlett R, Barata P, Lewis N et al. Self-collected samples for testing of oncogenic human papillomavirus: A systematic review. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2007 Oct;29(10):817-28. 10 Petignat P, Faltin DL, Bruchim I, Tramèr MR, Franco EL, Coutlée F. Are self-collected samples comparable to physician-collected cervical specimens for human papillomavirus DNA testing? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gynecol Oncol 2007 May;105(2):530-5. 11 Arbyn M, Martin-Hirsch P, Buntinx F, Van Ranst M, Paraskevaidis E, Dillner J. Triage of women with equivocal or low-grade cervical cytology results: A meta-analysis of the HPV test positivity rate. J Cell Mol Med 2009 Apr;13(4):648-59. 12 Denny L, Kuhn L, De Souza M, Pollack AE, Dupree W, Wright TC Jr. Screen-and-treat approaches for cervical cancer prevention in low-resource settings: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005 Nov;294(17):2173-81. 13 Qiao YL, Sellors JW, Eder PS, Bao YP, Lim JM, Zhao FH, et al. A new HPV-DNA test for cervical-cancer screening in developing regions: A cross-sectional study of clinical accuracy in rural China. Lancet Oncol 2008 Oct;9(10):929-36,. 14 Goldie SJ, Kim JJ, Myers E. Chapter 19: Cost-effectiveness of cervical cancer screening. Vaccine 2006 Aug;24(Suppl 3):S3/164-70.

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References !

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 1 Sellors JW, Sankaranarayanan R, editors. Colposcopy and treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: A beginner’s manual. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2003/4. "!2.:)/5!@=!O.8&!<=!O.BB*_*4!^=!U&//&''*5!2=!,&335/:!<=!,9&//*:!<=!&)!.3#!$BB&')*+&4&::=!:.B&)0=!.4;!.''&D).H*3*)0!5B!'/05)9&/.D06!I!:0:)&-.)*'!3*)&/.)(/&!/&+*&F#!2&/+*'.3!2.4'&/!Q/&+&4)*546!A::(&:!*4!?&D)9!Ä[#!I33*.4'&!B5/!2&/+*'.3!2.4'&/!Q/&+&4)*54#!"\\1#!I+.*3.H3&!.)6!9))D6ccFFF#D.)9#5/8cB*3&:c7Cz'/05zF9*)&zD.D&/#D;B!!3 Sankaranarayanan R, Esmy PO, Rajkumar R, Muwonge R, Swaminathan R, Shanthakumari S, et al. Effect of visual screening on cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Tamil Nadu, India: A cluster-randomized trial. Lancet 2007 Aug;370(9585):398-406. 4 Nene BM, Hiremath PS, Kane S, Fayette JM, Shastri SS, Sankaranarayanan R. Effectiveness, safety, and acceptability of cryotherapy by midwives for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Maharashtra, India. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2008 Dec;103(3):232-6.

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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!5 Blumenthal PD, Lauterbach M, Sellors JW, Sankaranarayanan R. Training for cervical cancer prevention programs in low-resource settings: Focus on visual inspection with acetic acid and cryotherapy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2005(May);89(Suppl 2):S30-7. 6 Wright TC Jr, Subbarao S, Ellerbrock TV, Lennox JL, Evans-Strickfaden T, Smith DG, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus 1 expression in the female genital tract in association with cervical inflammation and ulceration. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001 Feb;184(3):279-85. 7 Denny L, Kuhn L, De Souza M, Pollack AE, Dupree W, Wright TC Jr. Screen-and-treat approaches for cervical cancer prevention in low-resource settings: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005 Nov;294(17):2173-81.

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