Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and TourismGeospatial Information Authority of Japan

Global Map for Sustainable Development(GM4SD)

Second High Level Forum on Global Geospatial Information Management

Yoshikazu FUKUSHIMA

Director-General of Geocartographic DepartmentGeospatial Information Authority of Japan, MLIT

Session 4 of the agendaDoha Qatar

6 February 2013

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Outline

1. Background of GM4SD

2. Second UN-GGIM in NY

3. GM4SD Working Group

4. Preliminary Result on WG Assignments

5. What’s next?

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1. Background of GM4SD

• Key issue for UN-GGIM– Establishment of an operating platform to

support the delivery of authoritative and consistent global reference datasets for disaster risk reduction, humanitarian aid, sustainable development, etc.

The 1st HLF on UN-GGIM in Seoul 3

• Rio+20 “The Future We Want”– “We further recognize the importance of

comprehensive hazard and risk assessments, and knowledge and information sharing, including reliable geospatial information.”(para. 187 on Disaster risk reduction)

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Rio+20 Side Event“Global Map for Sustainable Development”

Organized by Japan

Rio+20 Side Event“Monitoring Sustainable Development: Why Location Matters”

Organized by UN-GGIM, UK,Australia and Brazil

1. Background of GM4SD

• Questions:– Do we share a common understanding/view

on the concept of such a platform?

– Already existing?/Reinventing the wheel?

– What would be the architecture of the platform?

– How would the infrastructure/arrangements to support the platform be efficiently established, and made operational and sustainable?

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1. Background of GM4SD

2. Second UN‐GGIM in NY

• What is GM4SD?– An operationally ready, standard global

geospatial information* platform of authoritative and consistent geospatial data and information that is to be built and managed by the Member States and operated under the supervision of UN-GGIM.

2nd UN-GGIM in NY August 2012 6

(*: Including maritime data)

• GM4SD can be built on the existing global map.

• GM4SD should be technical in nature and would not address issues of political concern.

• A working group should be established to lead the discussion and advancement of the GM4SD.

2nd UN-GGIM in NY August 2012 7

2. Second UN‐GGIM in NY

• Working Group:– Member States should be the custodians of key

datasets, and update them for sharing.

– The platform should be developed in a cost-effective manner with distributed systems and open standards to ensure interoperability, while avoiding duplication.

– A phased, modular approach should be taken to achieve the GM4SD visionstep by step, identifying

the users and their needs.

2nd UN-GGIM in NY August 2012 8

2. Second UN‐GGIM in NY

• Assigned tasks to the Working Groupi. Provide the current status and overlaps in the availability of the

geospatial information on the web, and the value that a global map for sustainable development could add;

ii. Provide a clear understanding of user requirements and appropriate case studies, as necessary;

iii. Determine the potential applications of a global map for sustainable development, based on existing global map experiences; and

iv. Review existing portals, such as those adopted by Spain and the United States of America, and assess their applicability as the basis for a global map for sustainable development.

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2. Second UN‐GGIM in NY

3. GM4SD Working Group

• Established in December 2012• Members (*: Chair) :

– Africa: Burkina Faso, Nigeria, South Africa– America: Chile, USA– Asia/Pacific: China, Korea, Japan*– Europe: Belgium, Italy, UK– International Organizations: IHO, ISCGM,

ISO/TC211, OGC– Private Sector: Centre for Spatial Law and

Policy, ESRI

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4. Preliminary Result on WG Assignments

(i) Current status and overlaps in the availability of geospatial information

• 20 different global geospatial data sources visited.

• Data contents:– Administrative data (boundary and geographic names– Topographic data (transportation, drainage, elevation,

land cover, vegetation, etc.).– Scales of most data range from 1:250K to 1:1M.– DEM and land cover datasets are developed by different

projects.

• Data policy:– Provided free of charge.– Some have restrictions for commercial use.

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4. Preliminary Result on WG Assignments

(ii) User requirements and case studies• More time is needed to have a clear

understanding.

• Focus on a simple application may help.

(iii) Potential applications of GM4SD based on GM experience

• Global Map: regional natural disasters, flood analysis and forest distribution, etc.

• Potential applications of GM4SD:– Disaster response activities.

– Forest/ biodiversity conservation.

– Water resources management, etc.

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4. Preliminary Result on WG Assignments(iv) Review of existing portals and assessment of

their applicability to GM4SD• Ten existing portals visited.

• Many can overlay thematic layers.– Environment, disaster preparedness, etc.

• Web technology and open standards enable users to easily integrate geospatial information from distributed web services via the internet.

• GM4SD needs to find a way to ensure that such data integration through the platform will not address issues of political concern of the developed platform.

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Draft conceptual architecture of a GM4SD

14Base data do not address issues of political concern

Land coverElevation

VegetationTransportation

Drainage���etc

Additional Information+ Administrative boundary+ Epicenter+ Flooded area+ Evacuation center

�����

Additional Information+ Administrative boundary+ Epicenter+ Flooded area+ Evacuation center

�����

API (Application Program Interface)

Additional Information+ Name of city+ Water quality+ Natural reserve+ Habitat of animal

�����

Additional Information+ Name of city+ Water quality+ Natural reserve+ Habitat of animal

�����

Additional Information+ Name of city+ Affected area+ Casualty figure+ Hospitals

�����

Additional Information+ Name of city+ Affected area+ Casualty figure+ Hospitals

�����

“A” Country Website for Natural Disaster

“B” Country Website for Environment Issue

“C” NGO Website for Disaster Relief Volunteer

UserUser User

GM4SD Web platform(Base data+API)

Base data

5. What’s next?

• Research on user requirements may require time/resources beyond the WG capacity.

• Small, focused projects are proposed to take a phased, modular approach and make tangible outcomes.– Peer review of the Global Map data.– Case study on urban hazard and disaster

mapping.

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Peer review of the Global Map data

• GM4SD can be built on the existing Global Map• Current Global Map has both strengths and

shortcomings– Strengths

• Contains a wealth of information and knowledge on which a GM4SD can build.

• We can learn from the lessons learned through Global Map.

– Shortcomings• Inhomogeneity of data acquisition density, spatial accuracy

and data currency exists between different countries.• Quality assessment will help understand potential

applications of a GM4SD based on the current Global Map and could provide some clues on additional requirements or data needed for GM4SD.

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Peer review of the Global Map data

Participants: 182 countries and regionsData available: 81 countries and regions(Covering more than 60% of global land area) 17

Global Map V.1 (Global version)

Global Land Cover 18

Global Map V.1 (Global version)

Percent Tree Cover 19

Shortcomings: Data Density

Bangkok Jakarta Tokyo

Mexico city Sao Paulo Manila

Maps show, at the same scale, the road network data of different cities whose population is over10 million.

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50km50km

50km 50km 50km

50km

Country A Country B

Country DCountry C

Road data of Global Map in different countries are shown in red on ALOS images. Horizontal errors range from 200m to 1300m.

Shortcomings: Spatial Accuracy

About 400m

About 500m

About 1300m

About 200m

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Shortcomings: Topological Errors

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Peer review of the Global Map data

• Under the auspices of UN-GGIM, ISCGM is willing to conduct a pilot on the validation of current Global Map data.

• GSI （ISCGM Secretariat), in cooperation with JAXA, plans to provide ALOS imagery for free for the peer review project.

• Draft schedule– Feb.: Develop technical procedures for the pilot

validation– Mar.: Distribute ALOS images and start the validation– Jul.: Report the validation result at GGIM3

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Case Study: Urban hazard and disaster mapping

• Purpose– Identify the requirements of GM4SD.– Identify technical and institutional issues to make GM4SD

an operational and sustainable system.

• Why urban hazard and disaster mapping ?– Growing needs of Member States (Rio+20 outcome

document) due to increasing risks of urban areas in the world.

– Well defined, focused topic makes it easy to indentify technical and institutional issues relevant to GM4SD.

– Need of integrating a variety of geospatial information will help identify the requirements of a platform for GM4SD.

– Relatively confined geographic areas will make the project manageable.

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The water flows into the urban area over a levee.

Examples: Floods

Photo :Cabinet Office web page

Examples: Earthquake (Kobe in 1995)

26Aerial Photo :Nakanihon Air Service CO.,LTD

The earthquake caused both fires and collapses.

Photo :Cabinet Office web page

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Examples: Great East Japan Earthquake

Natori City, Miyagi Prefecture

(left: May 2005 right: Apr. 2011)

Photo : Natori City web page

The tsunami after the 3/11 earthquake almost totally wiped out the community.

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Sand boil

Uplift of sewerage manhole

Examples: Great East Japan Earthquake

Damage of Liquefaction

Inclined power poles

From Urayasu City web pageFrom Urayasu City web page

From YouTube

Aerial Photo (1947)

Examples: Great East Japan Earthquake

Damage by liquefaction

Damage caused by liquefaction was concentrated in reclaimed land of former river channels, proving the usefulness of time-series geospatial information.

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Former river channels

Geospatial Information for Urban Hazards• Base geospatial information

– Buildings/houses, transportation, waters, elevation, air photos, etc. (including historical data)

• Thematic information– Demography, evacuation centers, hospitals,

landslides, landuse, etc.

• Damage information– Flooded areas, closed roads, collapsed buildings,

injured people, etc.

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•Different types of geospatial information. •Managed by different organizations.•Required at different phases of hazards.

•Different types of geospatial information. •Managed by different organizations.•Required at different phases of hazards.

Base Map(National Geospatial Information Authority)

Expected Flood area (national/local government)

Evacuation Center(local government)

People who need help at disaster (local government)

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Data integration platform for disasters 

Reference : MLIT web page

B Community Center

C Junior High School D Community CenterE City Office

A High School

B Community Center

C Junior High School D Community Center

E City Office

A High School

×

Photo:Asahi Shinbun

Second Hangzhou Forum

• Theme: Urban Hazard and Disaster Mapping– Wealth of good examples of successfully

employing geospatial information and lessons learned.

• Venue/Date: in Chengdu, China on 24-26 April 2013.

• First step to assess the requirements of GM4SD by using urban hazards as a case study.

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Summary

• In accordance with Decision 2/108, WG was established and has started the process of developing GM4SD, taking a phased, modular approach.

• WG will conduct two projects:– Peer review of Global Map data– Case study on urban hazard and disaster mapping (2nd

Hangzhou Forum in April)and report the outcomes at 3rd UN-GGIM.

• Starting with the projects, WG plans to explore all aspects of GM4SD in the future.

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Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and TourismGeospatial Information Authority of Japan

Thank you.

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