Global midterm review

The Social Studies• Historian: Person who studies the past through

researching & creating documents

• Economi$t: Person who studies how limited resources are allocated to satisfy unlimited needs

• Geographer: Someone who studies the earth’s physical environment and human habitat

• Political Scientist: person who studies governments

The Social Studies

• Sociologist: Person who studies & classifies the ways humans behave in groups

• Anthropologist: Person who studies the origins and social relationships of people

• Archeologist: Person who studies ancient civilizations by examining the materials they left behind.

Study people

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Sources

• Primary Source:• Document created by

someone who was there as event was happening– Diary– Picture

• Secondary Source• Document created

by someone who wasn’t there as the event was happening– Textbook

Cultural Diffusion

• Definition: The movement of customs & ideas from one culture to another.

• Example: Spread of Buddhism along the Silk Road

Ethnocentrism

• Definition: Belief in the superiority of one’s own ethnic group.

• Example: Chinese referred to their country as the “Middle Kingdom” (center of the world). All other people were considered “barbarians”

Geographic Feature

Impact Specific Example

Rivers Provides fresh water for drinking, trade, irrigation

Nile in Egypt

Mountains Act as barriers Greek city-states

Deserts Act as barriers Gobi desert in China

Plains Flat areas easy to farm and travel along

Persian Empire

Oceans Act as barriers and trade routes

Indian monsoon traders

Islands Isolate societies, encourage trade

Minoans, Phoenicians

Maps• Political • Physical

III. Early Humans/Neolithic Revolution

Life Before the Neolithic Revolution

The Neolithic Revolution Life After the Neolithic Revolution

Small groups of hunters and gatherers

Short, difficult lives

Domestication of plants and animals

(farming)

Larger societies organized around farmlands

Cities

Government

Writing

Early River Valley CivilizationsRiver Valley Civilization

Social Characteristics Political Characteristics

Economic Characteristics

Egypt

Hierarchical society

Polytheistic religion

Literate

King (Pharaoh) (centralized government)

Based on trade & farming

Mesopotamia

Hierarchical society

Polytheistic religion

Literate

King (centralized government)

Based on trade & farming

Indus River Valley/Harappa

Hierarchical society

Polytheistic religion

Literate

Centralized government

Based on trade & farming

Huang He (Yellow River)

Hierarchical society

Polytheistic religion

Literate

Emperor (centralized government)

Based on trade & farming

Common Themes

Define: Monotheism

• Belief in a single god

• Examples?

The Bible (New Testament)

5 Pillars

Buddhism

What’s my

name?

The caste system

Polytheism

The holy book of Judaism

The Torah

The 5 Relationships of Confucianism1) King to subject

2) Father to son

4) Older sibling to younger sibling

5) Friend to friend

3) Husband to wife

The 3 major monotheistic religions

Hinduism

Right now

• Pass your homework forward and to the right

• Take out your review sheet

• Help before or after school?

The Four Noble Truths

• 1. Life means suffering.

• 2. The origin of suffering is desire.

• 3. The end of suffering is attainable.

• 4. There is a path to the end of suffering.

• The founder of Judaism

http://www.taopage.org/yinyang.html

Yin & Yang

• Forces of yin, yang interact, complement each other; change, evolve

- yin (black)—cold, dark, mysterious

- yang (white)—warm, bright

• Understanding yin and yang helped people find place in the world

What role did Confucianism play in China’s development?

• Confucianism set out family and social roles

- following these roles helped Chinese avoid conflict and live peacefully

• Rulers tried to live up to Confucius’ model

• Confucius encouraged education, creating fair and skilled officials (Civil Service)

Pilgrimage to Mecca

There is no God

but Allah Daily prayerReligious taxes Fasting

during Ramadan

Who brought Hinduism to India?

Why was Buddhism

appealing to Hindus?

Confucianism

Animism

China’s Dynastic CycleNew Dynasty

•Brings Peace

•(Re)builds Infrastructure

•Gives land to peasants

•Protects people

Generations go by, New Dynasty becomes…

Old Dynasty

•Taxes become too high

•Can’t protect people

•Infrastructure decays

•People treated poorly

Problems

•Floods, earthquakes

•Peasant revolts

•Invaders attack

•Bandits raid countryside

New Dynasty claims Mandate of Heaven

Old Dynasty loses Mandate of Heaven

How did emperors gain power in China?

Organization of Chinese government

• Bureaucracy: people who work for the government

• Civil service exam meant that only qualified people could work in government

Methods of control in China

• Feudalism

Early Chinese Accomplishments

• Road building

• Iron weapons

• Iron tools

• Writing system

Belief System Confucianism Daoism Legalism

Founder Confucius Laozi Han Feizi

Book The Analects Dao De Jing N/A

Beliefs 5 Relationships

Filial Piety (respect for elders & ancestors)

accepted things as they were; did not get involved in government

Tried to understand nature, live in harmony with its rhythms

People are naturally evil and need a strong government and strict punishments to control them

Impact on China

Trained civil service

Better government

Foundation of Chinese government

Foundation for social order in Asia

the people of China focused on bettering themselves and becoming one with nature

China continues to have a strong government and use strict punishment system.

Famous Greeks• Socrates: Father of Western Philosophy

• Plato: famous philosopher

• Aristotle: philosopher, taught Alex the Great

• Pericles: Leader of Athens during golden age

• Alexander the Great: Macedonian, conquered most of the world… Hellenistic culture

• Homer: wrote the Iliad & Odyssey (basis for Greek cultural tradition

Kinds of Governments

• Democracy: people vote

• Direct democracy: everyone votes on every law

• Oligarchy: small group of people control country

• Monarchy: one person in charge (king, emperor)

• Aristocracy: small hereditary group of wealthy people control country

Characteristics of Athens

• Social:

• Political:

• Economic:

Athens vs. Sparta

Ancient Greek Art

Thematic Essay