Virtually every country has departments for communicating with other countries

Conflict and War generates PR efforts.

Public Democracy United States Information Agency created

in 1953 by President Dwight D. Eisenhower

1. Stationing of PR officers at every US embassy

2. Publication of books and magazines

3. Distribution of American films and TV programs

4. Sponsorship of tours by American dance and musical groups

5. Art Shows

6. Student/ Faculty exchange programs

7. Lecture tours by American authors and intellectuals

$850 million dollar budget

Voice of America created in 1947 Established AM and FM radio

transmitters throughout the world Audience is 115 million who listen/

watch in 45 different languages. Strict adherence to journalistic

standards and objectivity Radio Sawa United States Information and

Educational Act of 1948

Fees of more than 1 million dollars Foreign Agents Registration Act of

1938 Paid advertisements in New York

Times, Wall Street Journal, etc Lobbying of political officials Using persuasion, public opinion

can be changed and tourism and foreign aid can increase

1. Deciding to represent a country with human rights violations.

2. Persuading the heads of the nation to alter some of its practices in order to have a favorable public opinion.

3. Convincing officials that American press is independent of government control so they should not expect coverage the is 100% favorable.

4. Deciding to represent a country that has drastically reduced civil liberties and crushed any opposition.

GoodWorks International- $180,000 contract with Rwanda to promote U.S investment in the country.

Fahmy Hudome International- $750,000 contract with Libya to develop long term U.S and Libyan relations.

Ketchum Communications- Multimillion collar contract with the Russian government to improve image.

A&R Partners- $250,000 contract with Australian Tourism Commision to promote travel to the country.

Hill & Knowlton- $3.8 million dollar contract in Afganistan to persuade farmers not to grow poppies