Global Shakes:

Erica Rios, Angie Pettenato, and Shoua Yang

How earthquakes help us understand plate tectonics and identify geohazardous regions of the world

COSMOS 2006: Earthquakes in Action

OutlineWhat is an Earthquake?Engdahl Centennial CatalogTypes of BoundariesMajor TrenchesScreen Shot ConclusionAcknowledgements Demo

What is an Earthquake?

An earthquake is a trembling of the Earth's surface

Usually caused by stress that is released along the fault lines as pressure builds up over time

Shock waves will be generated by the movement of the masses of rock and crust.

Engdahl Centennial Earthquake Catalog

Contains information on earthquakes recorded around the world

Recently updated to include earthquakes from 1900-2002

Complete down to Mw 7.0 between 1900-1964 and Mw 5.5 for 1964-2002

Transform BoundariesPlates move

horizontally against each other

Earthquakes tend to be shallow and small to moderate in magnitude

Example: San Andreas Fault in California 1906 San Francisco1989 Loma Prieta

http://www.earthscape.org/t1/lic01/lic01ba.html

Divergent BoundariesWhere plates move apart

and away from each otherFormation of new crust

Earthquakes tend to be shallow to medium depth with lesser magnitudes.

Ex) Mid-Atlantic RidgeEx) East African Rift Zone Saudi Arabia, Red Sea, Horn of Africa

http://dl.ccc.cccd.edu/classes/internet/geology100/IntroLecture1.htm

Convergent Boundaries

Plates move toward each other

One plate subducts under another

Earthquakes tend to be deep and range all magnitudes

Trenches & tsunamis Earthquake struck northeast of La Paz, Bolivia on June 9, 1994M 8.3Depth of 636 km

http://dl.ccc.cccd.edu/classes/internet/geology100/IntroLecture1.htm

Aleutian Trench

Pacific Plate is subducting under the North American Plate

Great earthquake hit Alaska on March 27, 1964M 9.261.4°N, 147.73°WCaused avalanches, landslides, tsunamis, and ground deformations

http://piru.alexandria.ucsb.edu/~geog3/concept_illus/691_ex.jpg

Peru-Chile Trench Located along southeastern

Pacific Ocean, about 160 km off the coast of Peru and Chile

Result of the eastern edge of the Nazca Plate subducting under the South American Plate

Extends 5,900 km and has a maximum depth of 8.1 km

Great earthquake struck south of Central Chile on May 22, 1960 M 8.6 Depth of 33 km

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_trench

Java Trench Located in the

northeastern part of the Indian Ocean

Trench is a seam between the Eurasian and Indian Plates

Extends 2,600 km and has a maximum depth of 7.7 km

Major earthquake resulted in the deadly tsunami of December 2004

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Trench

Visualization

Tectonic plate boundaries, colored by type

Earthquakes by magnitude

Major cities’ populations: 6 million to 12 million

Volcanic Hotspots

ConclusionEngdahl Catalog: record of

earthquakes from 1900 – 2002Updated the catalog’s 3D scene file with tectonics, hotspots, major cities, undersea trenches

Geohazards of living in certain regions of the world

AcknowledgmentWe would like to thank the following people in helping us to complete this

project:

Allison Jacobs

Bridget Smith

Debi Kilb

Jerry Lederman

Benson Shing

Andreas Stavridis

Jon Deck

Works Cited• http://earthquake/usgs.gov/research/data/centennial.php

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Trench• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/strike_slip_fault• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonga_Trench• http://www.extremescience.com/GreatestEarthquake.htm

• http://www.margins.wustl.edu/SF/I-B_M/IZUBonin.html

• http://www.crew.org/home/eqfacts.html• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/tectonics/transform.html

• http://www.scec.org/core/public/showobject.php/12940

• http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=5424%&archives=true