global warming

NAME: MUHAMMAD ‘ARIFF PUTRA BIN ANSARUDDIN AGUSMATRIC NO: A 132588

The causes of global warming such as change of climate and natural disasters of

unprecedented proportions. The primary cause of global warming is a cyclic process that occurs

in the Universe over time and the beginning of a destructive phase which will increase in

intensity over the next 5-10 years are also the causes of global warming.

The major problems faced by the town are natural protections. Natural protections against

damaging storm surges are increasingly threatened. Barrier islands, beaches, sand dunes, salt

marshes, mangrove stands, and mud and sand flats retreat inland as sea level rises, unless there

are obstructions along the retreat path. If they cannot move, these natural protections are washed

over or drowned.

High tides and storm surges riding on ever-higher seas are more dangerous to people and

coastal infrastructure. Many shorelines have sea walls, jetties, and other artificial defences to

protect roads, buildings, and other vital coastal resources. In these areas, sea-level rise increases

erosion of stranded beaches, wetlands, and engineered structures.

Over the last century, global average temperature has increased by more than 1°F

(0.7°C). The 2001-2010 decade is the warmest since 1880—the earliest year for which

comprehensive global temperature records were available. In fact, nine of the warmest years on

record have occurred in just the last 10 years. While the record shows that some parts of the

world are warming faster than others, the long-term global upward trend is unambiguous.

As the hired consultant, first of all I would list down all the impacts of the global

warming to the town. As the city is just nearby the coastal area and there is a significant

increment on the mean sea level, the impacts to the city might be severe. Moreover due to the

most of the part of city is quite low, shoreline erosion, coastal flooding, and water pollution

affect man-made infrastructure and coastal ecosystems might be occur in the future. The impacts

of climate change are likely to worsen many problems that coastal areas already face.

In fact, climate change could affect coastal areas in a variety of ways. Coasts are sensitive

to sea level rise, changes in the frequency and intensity of storms, increases in precipitation, and

TASK 6 GLOBAL WARMING


warmer ocean temperatures. In addition, rising atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide

(CO2) are causing the oceans to absorb more of the gas and become more acidic. This rising

acidity could have significant impacts on coastal and marine ecosystems.

Climate change mitigation is actions to limit the magnitude and/or rate of long-term

climate change. Climate change mitigation generally involves reductions in human

(anthropogenic) emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Mitigation may also be achieved by

increasing the capacity of carbon sinks, in example, through reforestation. By contrast,

adaptation to global warming are actions taken to manage the eventual (or unavoidable) impacts

of global warming, in example, by building dikes in response to sea level rise.

Examples of mitigation include switching to low-carbon energy sources, such as

renewable and nuclear energy, and expanding forests and other "sinks" to remove greater

amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Energy efficiency may also play a role, for

example, through improving the insulation of buildings. Another approach to climate change

mitigation is climate engineering.

Energy conservation refers to reducing energy through using less of an energy service.

Energy conservation differs from efficient energy use, which refers to using less energy for a

constant service. For example, driving less is an example of energy conservation. Driving the

same amount with a higher mileage vehicle is an example of energy efficiency. Energy

conservation and efficiency are both energy reduction techniques.

There are various ways on which you can contribute to energy conservation. The first

one is planning for the car with odd and even number in alternative days. Not always using your

car, instead choosing either walking or riding the bike is another example. Besides that, build of

green space and park out of city. Promoting customer rebates for energy efficiency and make all

municipal buildings energy efficient are another ways to contribute it.

There is wide range of energy sources that provide energy needs with minimal impact on

the environment through using technologies with high energy-conversion efficient designs.



However, the use of these resources in an environmentally acceptable manner while providing

for the needs of growing populations and developing economies is a great challenge.

Adaptation involves developing ways to protect people and places by reducing their

vulnerability to climate impacts. For example, to protect against sea level rise and increased

flooding, communities might build seawalls or relocate buildings to higher ground.

Humans have a long history of making changes in the way they live to survive

environmental changes. We are pretty industrious. These changes are ways to adapt to new

conditions. Adaptation of human societies to climate change is taking place today on a limited

basis. Current climate change poses challenges to adaptation.

Adaptation happens in a variety of ways. Some adaptations are fuelled by changes in

government policies. Other adaptations occur because of technological advances. (And there are,

of course, ways that we individually adapt (insulating the attic to keep cool during summer heat

waves or raising and reinforcing a house in a hurricane-prone area).

So, the solutions must be taken immediately to minimise the impact of global warming to

the coastal city. In order to achieve that, there are tonnes of works to do. The mitigations lie on

our daily activities and needs. We must tackle in these issues as these are the main contributor

for greenhouse gases which lead to global warming. The scopes including the energy efficiency,

transportation, forest management and the most important thing is sustainable development.

Boosting energy efficiency: The energy used to power, heat, and cool our homes,

businesses, and industries is the single largest contributor to global warming. Energy

efficiency technologies allow us to use less energy to get the same—or higher—level of

production, service, and comfort. This approach has vast potential to save both energy

and money, and can be deployed quickly.

Greening transportation: The transportation sector's emissions have increased at a faster

rate than any other energy-using sector over the past decade. A variety of solutions are at



hand, including improving efficiency in all modes of transport, switching to low-carbon

fuels, and reducing vehicle miles travelled through smart growth and more efficient mass

transportation systems.

Revving up renewable: Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, geothermal and

bio energy are available around the world. Multiple studies have shown that renewable

energy has the technical potential to meet the vast majority of our energy needs.

Renewable technologies can be deployed quickly, are increasingly cost-effective, and

create jobs while reducing pollution.

Phasing out fossil fuel electricity: Dramatically reducing our use of fossil fuels

especially carbon-intensive coal is essential to tackle climate change. There are many

ways to begin this process. Key action steps include: not building any new coal-burning

power plants, initiating a phased shutdown of coal plants starting with the oldest and

dirtiest, and capturing and storing carbon emissions from power plants. While it may

sound like science fiction, the technology exists to store carbon emissions underground.

The technology has not been deployed on a large scale or proven to be safe and

permanent, but it has been demonstrated in other contexts such as oil and natural gas

recovery. Demonstration projects to test the viability and costs of this technology for

power plant emissions are worth pursuing.

Managing forests and agriculture: Taken together, tropical deforestation and emissions

from agriculture represent nearly 30 percent of the world's heat-trapping emissions. We

can fight global warming by reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation

and by making our food production practices more sustainable.

Developing and deploying new low-carbon and zero-carbon technologies: Research

into and development of the next generation of low-carbon technologies will be critical to

deep mid-century reductions in global emissions. Current research on battery technology,

new materials for solar cells, harnessing energy from novel sources like bacteria and

algae, and other innovative areas could provide important breakthroughs.

Ensuring sustainable development: The countries of the world from the most to the least

developed vary dramatically in their contributions to the problem of climate change and in



their responsibilities and capacities to confront it. A successful global compact on climate

change must include financial assistance from richer countries to poorer countries to help

make the transition to low-carbon development pathways and to help adapt to the impacts

of climate change.


global warming

Engineering