global warming
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Acknowledgement:
Information and pictorial illustrations to create this work have been drawn from class notes, prescribed text books and various internet resources. The author gratefully acknowledges the same. Any objections to the use of internet resources may please be indicated to [email protected] so that the same can be removed from the illustrations used in this file.
This presentation is created with the sole intention of benefitting a large number of student community. This may not be used for any commercial purpose.
![Page 3: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Contents :
About Global Warming
Causes of Global Warming
Effects of Global Warming
Facts of Global warming
Prevention of Global Warming
Some Interesting Pictures
![Page 4: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
About Global Warming
Global Warming is the increase in the average temperature of the earth’s atmosphere due to greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide.
![Page 5: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
According to the 2007 Fourth Assessment
Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC), global surface
temperature increased 0.74 ± 0.18 °C
(1.33 ± 0.32 °F) during the 20th century.
![Page 6: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Most of the observed temperature
increase since the middle of the 20th
century has been caused by increasing
concentrations of greenhouse gases,
which result from human activity such as
the burning of fossil fuel and deforestation.
![Page 7: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Global dimming, a result of increasing
concentrations of atmospheric aerosols
that block sunlight from reaching the
surface, has partially countered the effects
of warming induced by greenhouse gases.
![Page 8: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Climate model projections summarized in
the latest IPCC report indicate that the
global surface temperature is likely to rise
a further 1.1 to 6.4 °C (2.0 to 11.5 °F)
during the 21st century.
![Page 9: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• The uncertainty in this estimate arises
from the use of models with differing
sensitivity to greenhouse gas
concentrations and the use of differing
estimates of future greenhouse gas
emissions.
![Page 10: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
►An increase in global temperature will cause sea levels to rise and will change the amount and pattern of precipitation, probably including expansion of subtropical deserts.
![Page 11: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
►Warming is expected to be strongest in the Arctic and would be associated with continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice.
![Page 12: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Other likely effects include changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, species extinctions, and changes in agricultural yields.
![Page 13: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Warming and related changes will vary from region to region around the globe, though the nature of these regional variations is uncertain.
![Page 14: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
As a result of contemporary increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, the oceans have become more acidic, a result that is predicted to continue.
![Page 15: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The scientific consensus is that anthropogenic global warming is occurring.
![Page 16: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Nevertheless, political and public debate continues.
![Page 17: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Kyoto Protocol is aimed at stabilizing
greenhouse gas concentration to prevent a
"dangerous anthropogenic interference".
![Page 18: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
As of November 2009, 187 states had signed
and ratified the protocol.
![Page 19: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Causes of Global Warming
Scientists have spent decades figuring out what is causing global warming.
![Page 20: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
They've looked at the natural cycles and
events that are known to influence climate.
![Page 21: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
But the amount and pattern of warming
that's been measured can't be explained
by these factors alone.
![Page 22: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The only way to explain the pattern is to
include the effect of greenhouse gases
(GHGs) emitted by humans.
![Page 23: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
To bring all this information together, the
United Nations formed a group of
scientists called the International Panel on
Climate Change, or IPCC.
![Page 24: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
• The IPCC meets every few years to review
the latest scientific findings and write a
report summarizing all that is known about
global warming.
![Page 25: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
►Each report represents a consensus, or agreement, among hundreds of leading scientists.
![Page 26: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
►One of the first things scientists learned is that there are several greenhouse gases responsible for warming, and humans emit them in a variety of ways.
![Page 27: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Most come from the combustion of fossil fuels in cars, factories and electricity production. The gas responsible for the most warming is carbon dioxide.
![Page 28: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Other contributors include methane released from landfills and agriculture, nitrous oxide from fertilizers, gases used for refrigeration and industrial processes, and the loss of forests that would otherwise store CO2.
![Page 29: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Different greenhouse gases have very different heat-trapping abilities.
![Page 30: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Some of them can even trap more heat than CO2.
![Page 31: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
A molecule of methane produces more than 20 times the warming of a molecule of CO2.
![Page 32: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Nitrous oxide is 300 times more powerful than
CO2.
![Page 33: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Other gases, such as chlorofluorocarbons
(CFC’s) have heat-trapping potential thousands
of times greater than CO2.
![Page 34: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
But because their concentrations are much lower than CO2, none of these gases adds as much warmth to the atmosphere as CO2 does.
![Page 35: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
In order to understand the effects of all the
gases together, scientists tend to talk
about all greenhouse gases in terms of the
equivalent amount of CO2.
![Page 36: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Since 1990, yearly emissions have gone
up by about 6 billion metric tons of "carbon
dioxide equivalent" worldwide, more than a
20% increase.
![Page 37: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Effects of Global Warming
The planet is warming, from North Pole to
South Pole, and everywhere in between.
![Page 38: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Globally, the mercury is already up more
than 1 degree Fahrenheit (0.8 degree
Celsius), and even more in sensitive polar
regions.
![Page 39: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
• And the effects of rising temperatures
aren’t waiting for some far-flung future.
![Page 40: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
►They’re happening right now. Signs are appearing all over, and some of them are surprising.
![Page 41: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
►The heat is not only melting glaciers and sea ice, it’s also shifting precipitation patterns and setting animals on the move.
![Page 42: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Some impacts from increasing temperatures are already happening.
![Page 43: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Ice is melting worldwide, especially at the Earth’s poles.
![Page 44: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
This includes mountain glaciers, ice sheets covering West Antarctica and Greenland, and Arctic sea ice.
![Page 45: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Researcher Bill Fraser has tracked the decline of the Adeline penguins on Antarctica, where their numbers have fallen from 32,000 breeding pairs to 11,000 in 30 years.
![Page 46: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Sea level rise became faster over the last century. Some butterflies, foxes, and alpine plants have moved farther north or to higher, cooler areas.
![Page 47: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Precipitation (rain and snowfall) has increased
across the globe, on average.
![Page 48: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Spruce bark beetles have boomed in Alaska
thanks to 20 years of warm summers.
![Page 49: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
The insects have chewed up 4 million acres of spruce trees. Other effects could happen later this century, if warming continues.
![Page 50: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Sea levels are expected to rise between 7
and 23 inches (18 and 59 centimeters) by
the end of the century, and continued
melting at the poles could add between 4
and 8 inches (10 to 20 centimeters).
![Page 51: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Hurricanes and other storms are likely to
become stronger.
![Page 52: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Species that depend on one another may
become out of sync. For example, plants
could bloom earlier than their pollinating
insects become active.
![Page 53: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Floods and droughts will become more
common. Rainfall in Ethiopia, where
droughts are already common, could
decline by 10 percent over the next 50
years.
![Page 54: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Less fresh water will be available.
![Page 55: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
• If the Quelccaya ice cap in Peru continues
to melt at its current rate, it will be gone by
2100, leaving thousands of people who
rely on it for drinking water and electricity
without a source of either.
![Page 56: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
►Some diseases will spread, such as malaria carried by mosquitoes.
![Page 57: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
►Ecosystems will change—some species will move farther north or become more successful; others won’t be able to move and could become extinct.
![Page 58: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Wildlife research scientist Martin Obbard has found that since the mid-1980s, with less ice on which to live and fish for food, polar bears have gotten considerably skinnier.
![Page 59: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Polar bear biologist Ian Stirling has found a similar pattern in Hudson Bay. He fears that if sea ice disappears, the polar bears will as well.
![Page 60: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Facts of Global Warming
Climate change is observed worldwide. Average temperature of earth has increased by 0.8 degrees since last 100 years.
![Page 61: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Higher levels of CO2 have caused ocean acidification.
![Page 62: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Most of the densely populated Low lying coastal regions are more vulnerable to climate shifts.
![Page 63: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Winter of 2003-2004 was the 33rd coldest in the
North Eastern America since the records began
in 1896.
![Page 64: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Prevention of Global Warming
Drive less. Take bikes, walk or carpool
whenever possible.
![Page 65: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Consider investing in a hybrid or electric vehicle to help prevent against further global warming.
![Page 66: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Replace all the light bulbs in and around
your home with energy-efficient
fluorescents that use fewer watts for the
same amount of light.
![Page 67: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Clean or replace your filters monthly.
![Page 68: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Choose energy-efficient appliances when
it's time to buy a new one.
![Page 69: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
• Decrease your air travel.
![Page 70: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
►Wash clothes in cold water and line-dry whenever possible.
![Page 71: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
►Use a low-flow showerhead, which will lessen the hot water used but not drop your water pressure in the shower.
![Page 72: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Cut down on your garbage—buy fewer packaged materials to prevent further global warming.
![Page 73: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Unplug electronics when they are not in use, because they still take up energy. At the very least, turn items off when they’re not being used.
![Page 74: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Run the dishwasher and clothes washer only when you have a full load, and if available, use the energy-saving setting.
![Page 75: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Insulate your home better, and don’t forget to repair or replace worn caulking or weather-stripping. Insulate your water heater.
![Page 76: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Buy recycled paper products and recycle as much of your waste as possible.
![Page 77: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Bring your own reusable canvas grocery bags
when grocery shopping.
![Page 78: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Plant a tree.
![Page 79: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Have an energy audit done on your home so you can find the trouble areas and fix them.
![Page 80: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Use nontoxic cleaning products.
![Page 81: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Shop locally for food. A farmer’s market is
an excellent place to visit. And choose
fresh food over frozen foods. Fresh takes
less energy to produce.
![Page 82: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Keep your car tuned up, and check tire
pressure often to save gas.
![Page 83: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Eat less meat and more organic foods in
your diet to do your part in preventing
global warming.
![Page 84: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Some Interesting Pictures
![Page 85: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
![Page 86: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
![Page 87: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
![Page 88: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
![Page 89: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
![Page 90: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
![Page 91: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
![Page 92: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
![Page 93: Global warming](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062710/559472861a28abf1548b458c/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Thank You !!!
Compiled by :
Sudarshan.S.K.
Mail Your Feedback and Suggestions for
Improvement To :