global warming by alok pandey

7/31/2019 Global Warming by Alok Pandey

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The great global warming .


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an average increase in thetemperature of theatmosphere near the Earths

surface and in thetroposphere1, which cancontribute to changes in

global climate patterns


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Burning of fossil fuels (Coal/Crude oil) Power plants generate electricity

Transportation-----fuels for transports (E.g. LPG,kerosene, fuel oil)

Industrial processes (E.g. manufacture of

cement, steel, aluminium)


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Other greenhousegases emission

Agriculture

Forestry

Other land uses

Waste management


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Example : Using natural gas to cook

CH4 + 2O2 CO2+ 2H2O


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Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

Some infrared radiation is trapped

Greenhouse effect

Serious greenhouse effect

Global Warming


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How serious the problem is?...


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Increase in greenhouse

gases Concentration of greenhouse gases in

the atmosphere is highly increasing by

human activities

Leads to the increasing seriousness of global

warming


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increased about 0.6C/century since the

late19th century

increased to 2C/century over the past25 years


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troposphere temperatures (the lowest 8

kilometers of the Earth's atmosphere)collected since 1979 also indicate warming

Cooling effect in higher parts of the

atmosphere: stratospheric temperatureshave been decreasing


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Warming parts:

North America

Eurasia

Cooling parts:

parts of the southeastern U.S.


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Regions that have temperatures (1-3C)

warmer than the average:

United States Most of the Europe

Regions that have temperatures (1-3C)

cooler than the average:Australia


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rising at an average rate of 1 - 2

mm/year over the past 100 years


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Environmental and Human

Effects


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Increase in average temperature

More extreme heat waves during thesummer; Less extreme cold spells during

the winter

Harmful to those with heart problems,asthma, the elderly, the very young and

the homeless


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Extreme Events:

Heat waves; Cold waves; Storms; Floods andDroughts

Global warming

An increase in the frequency of extreme events

More event-related deaths, injuries, infectiousdiseases, and stress-related disorders


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Increase the risk of some infectious diseases

[particularly that appear in warm areas; arespread by mosquitoes and other insects]

E.g. Malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever,

encephalitis

Algal blooms occur more frequently astemperatures warm (particularly in areas withpolluted waters)

Diseases (e.g. cholera) accompanying algal blooms

become more frequent


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An increase in the concentration ofground-level ozone

Damage lung tissue

Harmful for those with asthma andother chronic lung diseases


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Rising temperatures and variable

precipitation

Decrease the production of staple foods in

many of the poorest regions

Increasing risks of malnutrition


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Rising sea levels

Increase the risk of coastal flooding

(Necessitate population displacement)

More than halfof the world's population now liveswithin 60km of the sea.

Most vulnerable regions: Nile delta in Egypt, the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta in Bangladesh, many small islands,

such as the Maldives, the Marshall Islands and Tuvalu.


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Skin Cancer

an abnormal growth of skin tissues.

Premature aging

make the skin thick, wrinkled, and leathery

Cataracts

No longer have transparent lenses in their eyes


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Other Eye Damages

Skin cancer around the eyes

Degeneration of the yellow spot

Suppression of Immunity

Overexposure to UV radiation suppress proper

functioning of the body's immune system and naturaldefenses of skin

UV-B radiation weakens the immune system increases the chance of infection and disease


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Government

* set some laws to limit the amount ofpollutants produced by factories

* develop the skills of using

renewable fuels, e.g. solar energy,wind energy


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* encourage the factories to replace fossilfuels by renewable fuels, which would notcause environmental pollution

* carry out energy saving scheme reducethe pollution produced by burning fossil fuels

* build more plants reduce the pollutants e.g.CO2


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Citizens

*reduce the use of plastic bags as burningplastic emit CH4

* recycle the resources, e.g. plastic

* reduce the use of sprays as CFCs wouldbe emitted out


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* reduce the use of air-conditioner, which willemit CFCs

* use public transportation instead of private cars reduce the pollutants emitted by cars


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WILL YOU BE AALARMIST OR SKEPTICS?


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GLOBAL WARMING ALARM!


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Global warming is a natural phenomenon, and there isnothing realistic that mankind can do to significantly

change the global temperature.


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There is no discussion, no alternative science, ornoweather experts that advocates of man made climatechange creating imminent peril for the planet will listen

to.

The debate is over!


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The media

The schools

The politicians

The organizations

Demonizing the unbelievers

An Inconvenient Truth


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Polar bears starting to turn up drowned and at some point will becomeextinct due to global warming.


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The world population of polar bears has mushroomedfrom 5,000 inthe 1960s to about 25,000 today.

The 2of the 20 subgroups that are declining live in regions in which thetemperatures have been dropping over the past 50 years.

The 18 subgroups that have seen an increase live in areas that havebeen getting warmer.

Its just silly to predict the demise of polar bears based on media-assisted hysteria. The future of polar bears is secure.

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Clearly, any warming that has occurred has not had an adverseimpact on polar bear numbers. This is true of the polar bearpopulations in Alaska, Canada, Russia, and other nations.


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The New York Times reported Dec, 23, 2007

As Earth Warms Up, Tropical Virus Moves to Italy. This is a realissue. Now, today. It is not something a crazy environmentalist iswarning about.

The New York Times did not report:

Italys tropical virus is a result of modern transportation, not

global warming.


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-


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Humans are heating the earth.Devastationifwe dont change the way we live.

Polar caps will melt

Ocean levels will rise.

Droughts,floods, and chaos.

Malariawillkill many people.

Extinction of plants and animals.


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Human-caused global warming is a certainty.


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General Electric will spend $1.5 billion a yearto research theemission of greenhouse gases.

United States Catholic Conference of Bishops, National Association of Evangelicalsand National Council of Churches, declare:

"Global warming is a universal moral challenge,"


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Greenlands Warming Island

If global warming needed a poster child, here it is.


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Examining the science

1. Man made CO2 causes it.

2. Computer models predict it will get much worse.


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carbon dioxide graph by Robert Simmon, NASAtemperature graph from NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies

It is the scientific basis for the whole anxiety we have about

climate change caused by human beings."


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United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)


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US surface temperatures have increased about 0.5 degrees C (0.9 degrees F)per century.

Highest temperature in history was 136 degrees F in Libya, 1922

Lowest temperature in history was -128 degrees F in Antarctica, 1983

Max to min was 264 degrees F

US National Climatic Data Center 100 C = 212 F


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The best measurements of global air temperatures come fromAmerican weather satellites, and they showno overall change since1999.

That makes no sense by thehypothesis of global warming drivenmainly by CO2, because the amount ofCO2 in the air has gone onincreasing.


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So great are the magnitudes of these reservoirs, the rates of exchangebetween them, and the uncertainties of the estimated quantities that thesources of the recent rise in atmospheric CO2 have not beendetermined with certainty.


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How does CO2 effect temperature?

The journey to the answer is immensely complex and no one can sayabsolutely what the effect is.

The greenhouse effect amplifies solar warming of the earth. Greenhouse gases such as H2O, CO2, and CH4 in the Earths

atmosphere, through combined convective readjustments and the radiative blanketing effect, essentially decrease the net escape of

terrestrial thermal infrared radiation. Increasing CO2, therefore, effectively increases radiative energy input to the Earths

atmosphere. The path of this radiative input is complex. It is redistributed, both vertically and horizontally, by various physicalprocesses, including advection, convection, and diffusion in the atmosphere and ocean. When an increase in CO2 increases the

radiative input to the atmosphere, how and in which direction does the atmosphere respond?

The IPCC uses a worst-case-scenario hypothesis. Their theory projectsa dramatic temperature increase.

Skeptics use experimental evidence with real world data. They concludethat while CO2 has increased substantially, its effect on temperature hasnot been experimentally detected.


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Cloudiness varies according to how many atomicparticles are coming in from exploded stars. Morecosmic rays, more clouds. The suns magnetic fieldbats away many of the cosmic rays, and itsintensification during the 20th century meant fewer

cosmic rays, fewer clouds, and a warmer world.

Demonstrated the theory in his laboratory in 2006.


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Ifthe atmospheres CO2 content doubled, its effect would becancelled out if the cloud cover expanded by 1%.

"All calculations about the greenhouse effect and global warmingassume cloud cover isn't changing. But the Danish scientists have

demonstrated cloud cover does change. The question of cloudcover, is the most critical unanswered question in the entire globalwarming debate.


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% of AllGreenhouse Gases % Natural % man made

Water vapor 95.000% 94.999% 0.001%

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 3.618% 3.502% 0.117%

Methane (CH4) 0.360% 0.294% 0.066%

Nitrous Oxide (N2O) 0.950% 0.903% 0.047%

Misc. gases ( CFC's,etc.)

0.072% 0.025% 0.047%

Total 100.00% 99.72 0.28%

The total human contribution to the greenhouse effect isaround 0.28%. Dr. Wallace Broecker, Columbia University


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The Earth is getting hotter because the Sun is burning morebrightly


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Some parts ofJupiter are now as much assix degrees Celsiuswarmer than just a few years ago.


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Carbon dioxide "ice caps" nearMars's south pole had beendiminishingfor three summers in a row.

A simultaneous rising in temperature on both Mars and Earthsuggest that climate change is indeed a natural phenomenon as

opposed to being man-made.


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"At least since 1989, Triton, Neptunes largest moon, has beenundergoing a period ofglobal warming,"


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Storms on Saturn indicate a climate change occurring on that planet.NASA


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Pluto is undergoing global warming. Over the past 14 years, theaverage surface temperature increased about 3.5 degrees Fahrenheit.


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U.S. National Climatic Data Center


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Hurricane Katrina August 28 2005


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"The scientific debate is over,

We're done. Scientific skepticsof man-made catastrophic global

warming are bought and paidfor by the fossil fuel industry.

2004 - 2007

Only 7% of all publishedscientists explicitly endorseglobal warming theory.


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ALARMISTS SAY SKEPTIC SAYS

Antarctica represents the

greatest threat to the globefrom global warming, barnone.

Due to natural currents

Antarctic, ice is growing, notshrinking. That makesAntarctica a sink, not a source,of ocean water.


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ALARMIST SAY SKEPTICS SAY

Proof that human activities are

propelling a slide towardclimate calamity.

Its the wind

Polar wind patterns changed andblew sea ice further south to warmerwaters than it normally would

Arctic = 3 million squareKM- shrinkingAntarctic = 16 millionsquare KMgrowing

Net change in ice area +5%


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Global warming mayraise the oceans

23 feet, submerging cities from Sidneyto New York.


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Gore emphasized heat-related deaths.

By 2050, heat will claim 400,000 more lives, but 1.8 millionfewer willdie because of cold. Global warming will actually save lives.


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It is alleged that global warming will cause heat deaths, increase thesea level, make hurricanes more intense, increase flooding, giverise to more malaria, starvation and poverty. And dont forgetabout the polar bears.

The problem with this analysis is that it overlooks a simple but

important fact. Cutting CO2 - even substantially - will not mattermuch with any of the above problems.


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Thanks to global warming, German sun worshippers may enjoy acocktail on a Baltic Sea beach in early May


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Arthur B. Robinson, Ph.D., Noah E. Robinson, Ph.D., Willie Soon, Ph.D.


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Preserving the environment

Conserving energy

Providing for clean air and water

Developing alternative forms of power

Reducing our dependence on oil

Each stands on its own benefits. Let us join together to make themhappen.

While parts of fighting global warming have benefits that overlapthese, let us not delude ourselves into believing we can change theworlds temperature.


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All the planets have experienced global warming, and the earth isno longer warming.

Consensus of scientists is a myth. Many reputable scientistsbelieve mankind is not causing global warming.

There is nothing realisticthat mankind can do to significantlychange the global temperature. Fighting global warming wouldhave a huge price and virtually no impact.


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"Believe those who are seeking the truth;doubt those who find it.


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A 5% CO2 change correlates with a one degree Celsius temperature rise as 650,000-year ice core records reveal.

From 1900 to 2006, the world CO2 increased 30%.

Alarmist theory is that CO2 is driving up the temperature at a linear rate.

5% x 6 = 30% CO2 increase 1 degree C x 6 = 6 degree C temperature increase

In fact the increase was .5 degrees C between 1900 and 2006.

650,000-years of empirical evidence therefore invalidates the hypothesis of human-caused global warming.


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U.S. Average Household Energy Consumption:Annual household electricity use: 10,660 kwh / household

Annual household emissions: 22,880 pounds CO2 / year

Car emissions factor: 11,500 pounds CO2 / car / year


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B.P. Radhakrishna, President of the Geological Society ofIndia:

We appear to be overplaying this global warming issue as global warming is

nothing new. It has happened in the past, not once but several times, giving rise toglacial-interglacial cycles.


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There should be no rise whatsoever inpotential intensity or frequency of hurricanesdue to global warming for the next 150 years.


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Schlumberger Excellence in Educational Development (SEED)We know that carbon dioxide (CO2) is increasing in the atmospherefrom human activities such as burning of fossil fuels and deforestation.This increase is one of the major factors in global warming. There isno longer any scientific debate about this. The most recent report by

the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has confirmed this.


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Implies that changes in carbon dioxide levels preceded

changes in global temperature. The opposite is true.Historically, temperature changes have preceded CO2 changes.

Blames global warming for the decline since the 1960s of the

Emperor Penguin population in Antarctica. In fact, the declinetook place in the 1970spossibly due to the advent of Antarctic

ecotourismand the population has been stable since the late1980s.


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Warns that global warming is destroying coral reefs, even thoughtodays main reef builders evolved and thrived during periods whenthe world was 10-15C warmer than the present.


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Blames global warming for the severe drought that hit the Amazon in2005. It is not possible to link the drought to global warming.

Blames global warming for the disappearance of Lake Chad, adisastermore likely stemming from a combination ofregional climate

variability and societal factors such as overgrazing.


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Asserts that a sea-level rise of 20 feet is a realistic short-termprospect.

The IPCC predicts the increase in sea level will be one foot.


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Claims that Nairobi, Kenya, was malaria-free until recent globalwarming. In fact, malaria epidemics were common in Nairobi during the1920s to the 1940s. The resurgence of malaria in East Africa is due todecreased spraying of homes with DDT.

Claims that climate history from ice cores proves the Medieval WarmPeriod was tiny compared to the warming of recent decades. If fact, icecores indicate that several decades ofthe Medieval Warm Period werewarmer than any recent decade.


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Claims that 2004 set an all-time record for the number of tornadoes in theUnited States. Tornado frequency has not increased; rather, the detection of

smaller tornadoes has increased. If we consider the tornadoes that have

been detectable for many decades, there is actually a downward trendsince 1950.


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Plants, and animals in Africa, butterflies in Europe and frogs in CentralAmerica are declining. Its not about polar bears anymore. There is

some temperature above which everything will go extinct.


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While we worry about the far-off effects of climate change, this

year:

4 million will die from malnutrition.

3 million will die from HIV/AIDS. 2.5 million people will die from air pollution.

2 million will die from a lack of clean drinking water.

Kyoto model reduce 1,400 malaria deaths. or

Save 180,000 malaria deaths with mosquito nets and medication


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THEEND


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ALOK PANDEY JAYDEEP DUTTA

10081211 10081224

global warming by alok pandey

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