Globalization and Indian Railways

Railways structured on the basis of five year plans

Regrouping Princely State Railways and erstwhile Nationalized Railway Companies into 6 zones by the first Transport Minister of Independent India N. Gopalswamy Iyyengar.

Adoption of Gauge Conversion Policy in 1971

Termination of Steam locomotives in 1973

Nationalization and Economic Reforms

Important Institutions and Functions

RDSO (Research, Development and Standard Organization)

Formed in 1957Established to consolidate all technical standard enforcementE.g. Coach Design, Brake Testing and Designing

RITES (Rail India Technical and Economical Services)

Formed in 1974Established for setting up and operating new Railway SystemsDevelopment, Rehabilitation and optimization of existing railways and other transportation systems

Operational experience of over 30 countries in Middle East, Africa and Latin America

CONCOR (Container Corporation)Formed in 1988Involved in handling of Container Traffic of Indian RailwaysCONRAJ Service operated by CONCOR is one such example of the container trafficThese are High Priority Freight trains that are operated at a speed of 100 kmph

Globalization and its impact on Railways 1991 as a year of economical transformation.

Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization takes birth in India.

Indian Railways retained the tag of a Public Sector Undertaking.

At the time of Economic Reforms Indian Railways was financially weak

Termed as a Time Bomb waiting to explode

Post Globalization effects Konkan Railway, Pipavav Railway Corporation ,

Rail Vikas Nigam some prominent examples.

Introduction of schemes like OYW ( Own Your Wagon), BOLT (Build Operate Lease Transfer) and BOT ( Build Operate Transfer)

Are there any evidences of global companies prior to economic reforms?

The Swiss Elevator and Car Mfg. company set up the first rail coach factory in Perambur

ALCO a USA based company the first diesel locomotive rolled out in 1964

other companies which came into play Jessop and Co., Burn and Co. and Braithwaite and Co. which are now Bhari Udyog Nigam Ltd.

Setting up of International Institute Of Railways in New Delhi

RITES and IRCON – The Technical and Constructional Wing of Indian Railways have worked on several International Projects

Setting up of CONCOR in association with International Union of Railways

Konkan Railways – The evolution

During the British Era Western Ghats completely overlooked owing to dense vegetation and rainy climatic conditions

Western Ghats remained cut off for 145 years till the conceptualization of Konkan Railway by E.Sreedharan in 1990

Konkan Railway inducted as a private organization on 19th January 1990

Challenges FacedThe agrarian society through which the route was to pass

The Religious and Cultural practices followed by the natives

Extreme Railways – Konkan Railways

The Rocky Terrains

The climatic conditions – continuous rainfall and hard rocks and soft soil.

Why Konkan Railways in Globalization ?Flat trackbed – Completely ballastless. This cuts down the journey between Mumbai and Mangalore to 22 hours

Train Speeds – The train speeds on this route at the moment are 120kmph (100 mph) The Konkan Railway plans to increase the speed to 170 kmph

Economizing fuel consumption – on an average a diesel locomotive consumes 12000 litres of fuel for a 1000 km journey. But a train passing through Konkan Railways consumes only 8000 litres

Technically ahead of other Railway ZonesACD or Anti Collision Device spread across the network

ROSHAN or Rolling Stock Health Analyst helps in early detect

Konkan Railway also provides facility for delivery of tickets in villages too!

Technical Evolution post 1991 The first 4000 HP locomotive with State-of-the-Art

technology and was rolled out in 2002 100% dynamic Braking Capable of hauling a 24 coach train at 160 kmph Co-Co Wheel Design Cost : Approx. 11.5 crores 6000 ltrs Fuel Capacity

In 2003 Indian Railway introduced German Manufactured ALSTOM LHB coaches

Maximum Operating Speed :160 kmph Higher seating Capacity Anti telescopic* CBC- Central Buffer Coupling Controlled Discharge System* Cost : 75 lakhs- 1.8 crores

The Chittaranjan Locomotive Works rolled out the first state - of Art Electric locomotives WAP5 And WAP7

Engine horsepower for WAP5- 5400 HP and WAP7-6000 HP

Maximum Operating speed- 160kmph Builder: CLW under ToT from Adtranz

Dedicated Freight Corridor Foundation stone laid in 2009 Expected to be operational by 2016-17

Approx., cost as per Khankodkar committee is 2,40,000 core rupees

Speed of freight trains on this stretch estimated to be around 100kmph

Two corridors North- South, East to West and diagonals. Trains will be about 100 cars long

Proposed CorridorsCorridor Origin/ Destination Route length

Eastern Dankuni - Ludhiana 1800 kms

Western Dadri – Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust

1500 kms

East – West - 2000 kms

North – South - 2173 kms

East Coast - 1100 kms

Southern Corridor - 890 kms

Source: Promoting low carbon transport in India (2012)

A Comparative Study – Energy Requirements (2016 – 2031)

Business As usual (with DFC)

Business As usual (without DFC)

Low Carbon (with DFC)

- 797 -

- 1422 -

- 1970 -

- 2468 -

Electricity ConsumptionBusiness As usual (with DFC)

Business As usual (without DFC)

Low Carbon (with DFC)

920 350 920

1360 441 1360

1720 517 1720

2400 588 2040

Intended to reduce travel time on some of the busiest sections

Setting up of High Speed Rail corporation Company set up in 2012 Subsidiary of Rail Vikas Nigam Limited Approximate cost per train set is 120 crores

High Speed Corridors

Routes undergoing Feasibility Study

Route Participating companies Total length

Pune- Mumbai- Ahmedabad RITES, Systra (France), Italferr (Italy) 650 km

Delhi to Patna (via: Agra, Varanasi, Lucknow)

Mott McDonald (UK) 991 km

Howrah- Haldia Ineco, Prointec, Ayesa (Spain) 135 km

Hyderabad- Dornakal-Vijayawada-Chennai

Parsons Brickenhoff (India) 664 km

Chennai- Bangalore-Coimbatore- Ernakulum –Thiruvananthapuram

JARTS (Japan Railway Technical Service) and Oriental Consultants

850km

What are the bottlenecks? Cost of construction Track alignment Wheel Design Need for an elevated corridor Financial constraints Land Acquisition Fencing of the entire corridor

Learn more: Bullet trains

International Union of Railways Founded in 1922

Objective- Unification and improvement of conditions for establishment and operation of railways concerned with international traffic

Conditions to become a member of the UIC include: Having 1000 kms of tracks, gauge dimensions can be standard (4ft 8.5in) or Broad gauge (5ft 6in)

total railway systems who are the members of UIC as of 1979 is 39

Remote railways concerned with information, research and standardization is around 25 distributed all over continents

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