globalization of stellar data: all-sky catalogues and open clusters a.e. piskunov 1 and n.v....
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Globalization of stellar data:Globalization of stellar data:all-sky catalogues and open clusters all-sky catalogues and open clusters
A.E. Piskunov1 and N.V. Kharchenko2
1Institute of astronomy RAS, Moscow, Russia2Main astronomical observatory, Kiev, Ukraine
Contents
1.Astronomical data globalization
principles practice achievements
2.Open clusters and data globalization
Pre-Hipparcos status and current activity Our project ASCC OC as example
3.Prospects
1.1. Globalization of stellar data: principles
All-sky coverage
Completeness and high resolution at some depth
Uniformity of data structure over the sky
High precision Homogeneity of stellar data systems over all sky
Accessibility
1.2. Realization of the celestial system as a major aspect of the globalization
Realization of all-skycoordinate & photometric systems:
Hipparcos/Tycho missions
Extension of the systems to fainter stars:
High precision measuring machinesautomated telescopes
Hipparcos family
HipparcosTycho-2
ASCC-2.5
Schmidt surveys:GSC
USNOSSS
Array detector surveys:2MASSUCAC
1.3. Examples of practical data globalization.
Example 1: present-day all-sky catalogues
Catalogue
Numberof stars,
mln
RA,Decerror,mas
Proper motions Stellar magnitudes
Error, mas/yr
Complete-ness, % Band
Error,mmag
Limit,mag
Complete-ness, mag
Hipparcos 0.12 0.7 - 2 0.8 - 2 98 Hp, B, V 3 - 10 12.4 7.5
Tycho2 2.5 7 -60 2 - 6 97 BT , V T 10 - 100 15.0 11.5
ASCC-2.5 2.5 0.7 - 60 0.8 - 20 100 B, V 3 - 100 15.0 11.5
GSC II 998 300 10 ? B, R, I 400 18 ?
USNO-A2.0 526 250 - - B, R 300 22 18
USNO-B1.0 1046 200 15 - 70 30 B, R, I 300 22 19
SSS (1000) 200 10 - 50 65 B, R, I 40-200 22 (19)
UCAC2 48(80) 20-40 1 -5 100 R + J,H,K 300 16.5 (14)
2MASS 471 100 - - J,H,K+B,R 15 - 200 17 - 14.3 15 - 12
USNO-B1.0 USNO-B1.0 (with PM)USNO-A2.0 UCAC2
2MASS UCAC2
1.4. Practical globalization. Example2: brightness distribution
ASCC-2.5
UCAC2
2MASS and
UCAC2(black points)
SSS
USNO-B1.0 and
USNO-A2.0(black points)
1.5. Practical globalization. Example 3: CMD diagrams
2.0 Open clusters and data globalization
in the pre-Hipparcos era in the post-Hipparcos era
Dias et al. (on-line): compilation of about 1700 open cluster data;
Platais et al. 1998: 15 new clusters/stellar groups, Hipparcos;
Alessi et al. 2003, 2004: 11+~50 new clusters, Tycho-2;
Bica et al. 2003:~350 new IR candidates of clusters/stellar groups, 2MASS;
Drake (2005): 7 candidates of clusters, USNO-A2;
Kharchenko, Piskunov et al. 2005:parameters of 520 known and 130 new clusters, ASCC-2.5 (the sample is complete up to 850 pc);
Kumar et al.(2006): over 60 candidates of embedded clusters in 2MASS;
Kronberger et al. (2006): 24 candidates from DSS images analysis.
A total of 1200 clusters known by 1988 (Lynga , Lund Catalogue rel.5);
For about 1200 clusters apparent diameters (eye-estimated from POSS charts or defined by the size of detector FOV) were given;
About 400 clusters had accurate, but heterogeneous UBV photometry, distance, reddening, age;
Kinematics: heterogeneous proper motions and RVs. Less than 100 clusters with PM in FK4 and RV. The 3-d velocities are available for a few tens of clusters only;
No idea on the degree of completeness in cluster statistics;
No way to study the population of stellar associations, extended clusters and loose groups (except nearby OB associations).
2.1.Open cluster specifics and all-sky catalogues
Successful search/study of various issues of open clusters requires:
Object list completeness in dense sky areas
Multi dimensionality of data (variety of data types)KinematicsPhotometrySupplementary data
Data sufficiency for all clusters:Coordinates, PM, 2color photometry 100 %VR, Sp.Classes/3 color photometry (reddening) 10 %
High data accuracy over full magnitude range
2.2. Open clusters: practice of globalization(ASCC OC project)
The Sample:513 known clusters 7 known associations130 newly detected clusters 2 large nearby clusters
Cluster parameters:combined (PM,XY,CMD)membershipcoordinatescore & corona radiiPM,VRdistances, reddeningages
The sources:All-sky compiled catalogue
ASCC-2.5 (v.3)2.5 mln. Johnson B,V and PM
0.5 mln. Spectral Classes46,0000 RVs
and Literature data
The results:
The methods:Identification of known clusters
Detection of new clusters
Membership pipeline
Cluster parameter determination
The input:
.
2.3. Open clusters: summary of the ASCC OC project
NEW UNIFORMSCALES ofCLUSTER
ParameterPreviously
knownRevised orconfirmed
Newdetermination
out of 1700 out of 520 out of 650
MEMBERSHIP Combined probability -- -- 38463
STRUCTURE Size 1700 515 135
PHOTOMETRY Distance & reddening 760 320 330
KINEMATICS Proper Motion 458 219 431
Radial Velocity 258 159 163
EVOLUTION Age 637 325 325
Completeness limit 850 pc
Density enhancement
552 clusters
~800 missing clusters
Background level
552 clusters
2.5. ASCC OC sample: spatial completeness
2.6. Open clusters: 2D distribution in the disk
D0 1015 kpc-3
114 kpc-2 (5 times larger!)
Predicted number of OC for R
G=15 kpc
100,000
Spiral pattern :Grand design with pitch angle=-6°
2.7. Cluster complexes:tangential velocity VPDs the general environment
OCC-1 OCC-2Perseus-Auriga
Hyades
log t < 7.9 log t = 8.3...8.6
log t = 7.9...8.3log t > 8.6
Extinction map a
V = A
V / d
Blue triangles - OCC-1 Red circles – OCC-2Magenta diamonds - Perseus-Auriga groupBlack crosses - Hyades moving groupSmall circles - “field” clusters
P=1/ – decay probability a – cluster age, a = t
1 – t, t
1 ⇒ present, t ⇒ at birth
– rate of cluster formation N(a) = (t
1-a) e -a/
t1/2
⋲ 0.7
= 364±32 Myr
= 0.24± 0.02 1/Myr
Literature:
= 140-240 Myr
= 0.1-0.25 1/Myr
All clustersComplete sampleWielen 1971
2.8 Open clusters: ages and lifetime
3.1. Further steps Developing the success on available data basis
Further exploration of current resources: ASCC: new cluster parameters: segregation, tidal radii, massesUCAC: new clusters & new cluster parameters, 2MASS: new clusters & new cluster parameters,
Extending photometry basis:
ASCC+2MASS: ASCC cluster sample increase by 15%
Extending accurate Proper Motion space dimension:
AC+2MASS: ASCC cluster sample increase by >50%
Extending Radial Velocity space dimension:
ASCC+RAVE: 25% increase of the RV sample
3.2. Quality leap: waiting for GAIA
Current resources unable to provide completeness in:
data (RVs, extinction/distances/ages) for more than 2/3 of known OCs
space beyond 1 kpc-neighbourhood (effectively beyond Sagittarius and Perseus spiral arms)
DIVA: good, but lost opportunity
GAIA: the only but far-away opportunity