globalization theories. theories globalisms ideologies about globalization categories are broad...
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TheoriesGlobalisms• Ideologies about globalization• Categories are broad• Encompass economic, political, cultural,
environmental elements• Objectives • Identify values• Institute agenda• Influence policies¤
Theories• 3 competing globalism theories• Market• Justice• Religious
• Market is dominant• Justice- political left• Religious- religious right• Not anti- but alter-globalization
• Why is market dominant? Why are the other alter- instead of anti-?• National-populists, economic protectionists• American Tea Party, French Front Nationale
¤
Market GlobalismAbout theory• Values• Free market norms
• Agenda• Open economic interaction
• Influence policies• Promote neoliberal norms in states, IOs¤
Market Globalism• Dominant paradigm• Economic focus• Depends on political structures• Requires cultural interaction• Common language for economic exchange
• Symbiotic relationship with environment• Raw materials¤
Market GlobalismWho pushes market globalism?• MNCs • Promoted by GN IOs• IGOs: WTO, WB, IMF, OECD• NGO: World Economic Forum (WEF)• Business & political leaders, other select elites
• Consumer demand¤
Market Globalism: Criticisms
Anti-market activities• Ultra-nationalism• ‘Buy American’
• Economic protectionism• Tariffs, quotas, etc.
MG dominated by GN, big economies ¤
Market Globalism: CriticismsDo you think the author offered a balanced approach to these theories?The Facts (and note about stats)
• MG is based on capitalist principles• Must expand to thrive• Exploitative
• System growth is asymmetrical• More people benefit, but not everyone¤
Justice GlobalismAbout theory• Values• Egalitarianism
• Agenda• Global solidarity• Distributive justice
• Influence policies• Protect citizens • Market globalism- ‘extreme profit strategies’• Religious globalism- fundamentalism¤
Justice GlobalismConcern for human beings• Basic rights• Food, clothing, shelter, etc.
• Abstract rights• Freedom of religion, right to education, etc.
• Issues• GN/GS disparities, environment, fair trade, labor,
women’s issues, sexual orientation, etc.¤
Justice Globalism• Result of ‘social justice movement’• Local well-being in era of globalization• Same global rights regardless of location• Leftist reaction to MG
• Promote ‘global civil society’• Network of NGOs• World Social Forum- counter to WEF¤
Justice GlobalismBattle in Seattle, 1999• Anti-WTO protests• Relied on globalization elements to be effective• Simultaneous demonstrations around world
• Other meeting protests• WB, IMF, WEF, EU Summit, etc.¤
Justice Globalism: CriticismsGN domination• GN NGOs have more• Money, technology, time, leverage, access
• Culturally dominate• ‘We know best’ attitude¤
Religious GlobalismAbout theory• Values• Reactionary religious zealotry
• Agenda• Promote extreme fundamentalism• Unite believers • 1/3 of Muslims live as minorities = global plight for
Muslim fundamentalists• Spread the word
• Influence policies• Protect citizens • Outside forces that dilute religious, community culture¤
Religious Globalism• An ideology, seeks to promote a religious cause• Advocate violence to realize objectives• Religious groups adopt this theory, seek to
implement• Al-Qaeda, Muslim fundamentalism organization• Jewish Defense League, militant Jewish organization• Army of God, Christian terrorist anti-abortion
organization• Saffron terror, right-wing Hindu nationalism movement• Buddhist unrest in Sri Lanka; problems in
Burma/Myanmar¤
Jihadism• Eliminate western threat• Promote religious state structure• Unite global religious community
• Al-Qaeda most successful thus far• Far-reaching • Use glob. to facilitate mvt.
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