glossary of japanese terms

8/12/2019 Glossary of Japanese Terms

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American Traditional Jujutsu AssociationGlossary of Japanese Terms in Jujutsu

BASIC PRONUNCIATION GUIDE

(Adapted for occidental use)A ah as in father or hajimeE eh as in net or eriI ee as in feet or ipponO o as in fort or oshiU oo as in lulu or uke

Ago Chin, jawAite PartnerAka Red

Antei StabilityArashi StormAte Striking (as in ate-waza), striking technique

Atemi Waza Body strikesEmpi uchi (elbow strike)Kote uchi (forearm strike)Seiken uchi (frontal fist strike)Te gatana (hand sword strike)Teisho uchi (palm heal strike)Ura ken uchi (back fist strike)

Bogyo DefenseBudo Martial WaysBujutsu Martial ArtsBushido Way of the warriorButsukari Bump (Body contact) [used only as a noun]

Chairo BrownChi kaku CloseChikara Physical strength, power

Dan (Step) Black Belt Level

Yudansha Black beltShodan 1st degree black beltNidan 2nd degree black beltSandan 3rd degree black beltYodan (Yondan) 4th degree black belt


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Godan 5th degree black beltRokudan 6th degree black beltShichidan, nanadan 7th degree black beltHachidan 8th degree black beltKudan 9th degree black belt

Judan 10th degree black belt.Dai Jobu OKDe Advanced [that is, placed forward]Deshi Student, disciple, followerDo The Way (path)Do itashi mashite You're welcome

Dojo Place Where We Practice the Way

Kamiza The High Place

Joseki Place (wall) to the right of kamiza; place for seniorsShimoseki Place (wall) to the left of kamiza; place for juniorsTatami Straw floor mat or mats

Domo arigato (gozaimashita) Thank you very (very) muchDozo Please accept (When giving something)Gambaru Put up with (To resist, stiffen)Gake HookGari Reaping action [from the verb garu]

Gi or Judogi Judo Uniform

Eri Judo uniform lapel or collarObi BeltShitagi Pants; underwearZubon Pants (outer garment)Sode SleeveUwagi Jacket

Gomen nasai Sorry (Apology)Guruma, kuruma WheelGyaku Reverse, opposite

Ha WingHadaka NakedHai Yes (I have heard you)Hane Spring or jumpHantai Opposite or reverseHappo no kuzushi 8 directions of off balanceHarai (barai) Sweep [from the verb harau]


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Hazumi Momentum, accelerationHidari LeftHiki Pulling [from the verb hiku]Hikite Pulling handHon Basic (or, really? Hon desu?)

Ikioi Impetus, power, energyIie No (but, a negative is rarely used in Japan!)

Jime (shime) Constrict, strangleJita kyoei You-me shining together (Mutual Glow)Joto GoodJu FlexibilityJudo Way of flexibilityJuji CrossJudoka One who practices Judo

Jujutsuka One who practices JujutsuJoseki Place of honor for higher ranks, in dojo

Kaeshi, gaeshi Countering/reversing [from the verb kaeru]Kake Execution of any techniqueKaku (gaku) Angle or cornerKamiza Place of honorKami Upper, Divine spirit, paper

Kappo Resuscitation

Eri katsu Lapel holding methodKogan katsu Kicking coccyx or testicle methodSasoi katsu Inducing methodSoo katsu Integral method

Kata Shoulder

Kata Formal Sequence (of techniques)

Nage no kata Forms of throwingKatame no kata Forms of grapplingKodokan Goshin Jutsu Kodokan Self defense formsKime no kata Forms of decision or self defenseKumi kata Forms of combative/opposing grips

Kime shiki Forms of decisionGo no sen no kata Forms of countersKoshiki no kata Forms of antiquity


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Itsutsu no kata Forms of five principlesJoshi judo goshinho Women's self defense techniquesJu no kata Forms of flexibility

Renkoho no kata Forms of arrest or restraint

Seiryoku zenyo kokumin taiiku National physical exercise

Katame, gatame HoldKesa, gesa Scarf

Keiko Practice in General

Uchi komi Repetition attack practice (pulling in)Sute geiko Alternate throwing practiceTandoku renshu Pantomime practice

Keiko o-negai shimasu Please practice with me

Kenka yotsu Competitive grips

Keri Waza Kicking Techniques

Mae geri (front kick)Yoko geri (side kick)Mawashi geri (roundhouse kick)Naname geri (diagonal/cross body kick)Ushiro geri (rear kick)

Ki Spirit (internal power)Kiai A shout with concentration and commitmentKiotsuke Attention! (Take note!) [literally gather your ki]Ko Small/minorKogeki Attack [as a noun; this is not a verb]Komi Winding [as in makikomi,pulling-winding]Kodokan Place for learning the wayKuzure Broken/modifiedKuzushi Breaking of posture/balance

Kyu Ranks Below Black Belt Level

Mudansha Student who is below black belt

Rokkyu 6th class Judo rank - yellow belt


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Gokyu 5th class Judo rank - orange beltYonkyu 4th class Judo rank green - blue beltSankyu 3rd class Judo rank - brown beltNikyu 2nd class Judo rank - brown beltIkkyu 1st class Judo Rank - brown belt

Ma In front (as in ma sutemi waza)Ma-ai Distance, space between opponentsMae FrontMigi RightMon Junior gradeMudansha Student who is below black belt

Nage Throw [from the verb nageru]Nami Normal, regular, natural

O Big or major, Honorific preposition, (e.g. O Sensei)O-hayo gozaimasu Good morningOtoshi Drop [as a noun, from the verb otosu]Okuri Sliding [from the verb okuru]

Rei Bow

Ritsu rei, tachi rei Standing bowZa rei Kneeling bow

Reigi saho Dojo etiquetteRyu School (Literally Stream/Flow)

Sasae Lower propSayonara Good byeSei ryoku zenyo Maximum efficiency with minimum effortSensei Teacher/instructorSensei ni rei Bow to teacher in frontSeoi Carrying on the backSumimasen So Sorry, (or excuse me)

Shiai Contest

Chui A serious or repeated penaltyKachi, gachi Victory, winHajime Begin (referee's command)Hansoku make Loss by violating rulesHiki wake Draw or tieHantei Call for decision (majority of 3)Ippon Full point


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Itami make Loss by injuryJikan Time (referee's command)Jo gai Outside contest areaKeikoku A serious penalty or repeated ChuiKoka Less than a yuko, slight superiority

Make LossMatte Stop (referee's command)Maitta I surrender! [Literally I am defeated]Osae komi Hold-down (referee's command)Sen shu Champion; athleteShiai jo Contest areaShido Slight penalty or infringementSono mama Freeze (referee's command)Sore made Time is up (referee's command)Suwate Sit down [as a command]Toketa Hold broken (referee's command)

Waza ari Half pointWazari awaseti ippon 2 half points make a full point

Win (Kachi)

Fusen gachi Win by forfeit or defaultKiken gachi Win by withdrawalSogo gachi Combination win by half pointYusei gachi Win by decision

Yoshi Continue (referee's command)Yuko Not quite a half point

Shihan Master Teacher (7thDan and up)Shiho Four directions [shi + ho]Shintai Advance-retreat, body movementShiro White

Shisei Posture in General

Anza Sitting cross-leggedAyumi ashi Normal walkingHon BasicHon tai Basic body postureJigo tai Defensive postureJigo hon tai Basic defensive postureSeiza Sitting on knees (kneeling)Shizen NaturalShizen hon tai Basic natural postureTsugi ashi Sliding foot walking


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Sode SleeveSoto OutsideSukui Scooping up [from the verb sukuu]Sumi Corner

Sutemi SacrificeSuwate Sit down! [from the verb suwaru]

Tai Body

Ago Jaw or chinAshi FootAshi kubi Ankle (neck of foot)Atama HeadDo Abdomen/trunkHa Tooth, teeth, wing

Hara StomachHiji/Empi ElbowHiza KneeKata ShoulderKao FaceKote ForearmKoshi, Goshi Waist/hipKubi NeckKuchi, guchi MouthMata Inside upper thighMune ChestHana NoseNodo ThroatSe BackTe HandTekubi Wrist (neck of hand)Ude Arm

Tai sabaki Body Movements (in all eight directions)

Mae sabaki Front movementMae mawashi sabaki Front (roundhouse) movementUshiro sabaki Back movementYoko sabaki Side movement

Taiso Exercises in General

Junbi undo Warm up exercisesShumatsu undo Cooling-off exercises


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Randori Free practice

Tani ValleyTate Vertical, length wiseTori One who executes technique

Tomodachi FriendTsukuri Entering or fitting in for a throwTsuri Lifting from above [from the verb tsuru]Uchi Inner/strikeUke Receiver of action (is receiving)Ukemi BreakfallUki Floating [from the verb uku]Ura Back, rear, invertedUshiro Behind, back ofUtsuri Changing, moving [from the verb utsuru]

Wakare Division, separation

Waza Technique(s)

Atemi waza Striking techniquesBogyo DefenseNage waza Throwing techniqueGo kyo no waza Techniques of the five teachings (1st40

throws in judo)

Kaeshi waza Counter techniquesRenraku waza Combination techniques

Sutemi Waza Sacri fice Techniques

Ma sutemi waza Back falling sacrifice techniques

Obi nage Belt throwObi tori gaeshi Belt grab reversalSumi gaeshi Corner reversalTawara gaeshi Rice bale reversalTomoe nage Circle ThrowUra nage Inverted or rear throwUki waza Floating throw

Yoko sutemi waza Side falling sacrifice techniques

Daki wakare Encircling separationHane makikomi Springing wrap around throw


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Harai makikomi Hip sweep wrap aroundHikikomi gaeshi Pulling out (rolling) reversalKani basami Scissors or crab throwSoto makikomi Outside wrap around throwTani otoshi Valley drop

Uchi mata makikomi Inner thigh wrap around throwYoko gake Side hookYoko guruma Side wheelYoko otoshi Side dropYoko tomoe nage Side circle throwYoko wakare Side separation

Tachi Waza Standing Techniques

Ashi waza Foot techniques

Ashi guruma Leg wheelDe ashi harai Sweeping the advanced footHarai tsuri komi ashi Sweeping pulling lift throwHiza guruma Knee wheelKawazu gake Wrapping opponent's legKibisu gaeshi Heel reversalKo soto gake Small outside hookKo soto gari Little outside reaping throwKo uchi gaeshi Minor inner reaping counterKo uchi gari Minor inside reaping throwNidan ko soto gari Double (2nd step) minor outside reapOkuri ashi harai Sliding foot sweepO soto gaeshi Major outer reaping counterO soto gari Major outer reapingO soto guruma Major outside wheelO soto otoshi Major outer dropping throwO uchi gaeshi Major inner reaping counterO uchi gari Major inner reaping throwSasae tsuri komi ashi Foot stop lift pull throwTsubame gaeshi Swallow counterYama arashi Mountain StormYoko gake Side hook

Koshi Waza Hip Techniques

Eri tsuri komi goshi Lifting lapel hip throwHane goshi Springing hip throwHane goshi gaeshi Springing hip reversalHarai goshi Sweeping hip throwHarai goshi gaeshi Sweeping hip counter


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Koshi guruma Hip wheel throwKubi nage Neck throwOgoshi Major hip throwO guruma Big wheel throwSode tsurikomi goshi Lifting sleeve pull hip throw

Tsurikomi goshi Lifting pull hip throwUchi mata Inner thigh throwUchi mata gaeshi Inner thigh counterUchi mata sukashi Inner thigh slipUki goshi Floating hip throwUshiro goshi Back hip throwUtsuri goshi Hip shift throwTsuri goshi Lifting hip throw

Te Waza Hand Techniques

Eri seoi nage Lapel shoulder throwIppon seoi nage Single arm shoulder throwKata guruma Shoulder wheelKuchiki taoshi Dead tree drop, one hand dropMorote gari Double hand reapMorote seoi nage Two hand shoulder throwObi otoshi Belt grab dropSeoi nage Back carry throwSumi otoshi Corner dropSukui nage Scooping throwSoto maki komi Outside wrap around throwTai otoshi Body dropUde gaeshi Arm reversal or counterUki otoshi Floating drop

Ne Waza Grappling Techniques

Hikkomi gaeshi Extended pulling and rolling action into matwork

Kansetsu Waza Joint Locking Techniques

Hiza gatame Knee lockJuji gatame Cross (body) arm lockTekubi gatame Wrist lockUde garami Entangled arm wrap (figure four)Ude hishigi hara gatame Arm crushing stomach lockUde hishigi hiza gatame Arm crushing knee lockUde hishigi juji gatame Arm crushing cross (arm) lock


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Ude hishigi ude gatame Arm crushing lockUde hishigi waki gatame Arm crushing side (of the body) lockWaki gatame Side arm lock (waki refers to the side of

the body. The small sword carried bythe samurai was called waki zashi, side

companion)Yubi gatame Finger lock

Osaekomi Waza Holding Techniques

Ashi garami Leg entanglementDojime Trunk strangleFusegi Escape (from ne waza)Kuzure Broken/ModifiedHairi kata Mat entry techniques

Kumi kata Gripping techniquesKami shiho gatame Upper four directions holdKata gatame Shoulder holdKesa gatame Scarf holdKuzure kesa gatame Modified/broken scarf holdKuzure kami shiho gatame Modified/broken upper four directions

holdKuzure yoko shiho gatame Modified/broken side four directions oldMakura kesa gatame Pillow scarf holdTate shiho gatame Vertical four direction holdUshiro kesa gatame Rear scarf holdYoko SideYoko shiho gatame Side four directions hold

Shime Waza Choking/Strangl ing Techniques

Ashi jime Foot strangleGyaku juji jime Reverse cross strangleHadaka jime Naked strangleJigoku jime Hell strangleKata juji jime Single cross strangleKatate jime One hand strangleKataha jime Single wing strangleNami juji jime Normal cross strangleObi jime Belt strangleOkuri eri jime Sliding lapel strangleRyote jime Two hands strangleSankaku jime Triangular [3 corner] strangleSode guruma jime Sleeve wheel strangleSuso jime Jacket end strangle


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Tsuki komi jime Thrust strangleUshiro kataha jime Reverse single wing strangle

Renraku Waza Combination Techniques

Ukemi waza (Break) Falling techniques

Koho ukemi Back fallsZempo ukemi Forward fallsKaiten Rolling/rotationZempo kaiten ukemi Front rolling/rotation falls

Yama MountainYoko SideYudansha Black belt rank holderZori Sandals

Counting in Japanese

Ichi OneNi TwoSan ThreeShi (Yon) FourGo FiveRoku SixShichi, nana SevenHachi EightKu NineJu Ten

glossary of japanese terms

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