THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Industrial Revolution Reading

Glue the reading handout into your notebook on page __87__.

As you read the text to yourself, use the following directions to help you understand the information:

1.) Circle key inventions/events in the text2.) Underline main ideas in each paragraph3.) Highlight and put a “?” over words you don’t know4.) Summarize the reading in your own words

Warm Up - Tuesday

A Revolution in Industry Industrial Revolution- changeover from making goods

by hand to making goods by machine (More has been created in the last 250 years than in the previous 2500 years)

• Machines were invented which replaced human labor• New energy sources were developed to power the new

machinery – water, steam, electricity, oil (gas, kerosene)

• Increased use of metals and minerals• Aluminum, coal, copper, iron, etc.

Industrial Revolution begins in Great Britain- has perfect mix of raw materials, laborers and capital

Evolution of Factories Steam engine-factories switch to burning coal to obtain

power and can be built anywhere-usually built by towns Men, women and children(some as young as five) worked in

factories during daylight hours for six days a week Wages tended to be low and when workers did not work they

did not get paid As more people move near factories for jobs towns turn into

cities Interchangeable Parts- product parts all made exactly the

same Mass production- each worker had specific job in assembling

product Assembly Line- automotive industry perfect the mass

production system Wide moving belt carried product to each worker They attach a standardized part to the product At the end of the line is the finished product

Changes in Transportation Steamboats-1807 American Robert Fulton runs his boat the

Clermont up the Hudson Goods/people can travel safely across all bodies of water. (Not just oceans)

Railroads- 1814 George Stephenson of England demonstrates first successful railroad locomotive powered by steam Soon railroad tracks crisscrossed Europe and the United States

Automobiles- 1885 Karl Benz of Germany creates first automobile powered by internal combustion motor Henry Ford’s perfection of assembly line allows for mass production of

automobiles-makes them more affordable Airplanes- 1903 Two Americans, Orville and Wilbur Wright, make

first successful flight Airplanes brings countries of world closer together.

People and goods can travel faster and farther than ever before.

Creates growth of countries and economic trade.

Changes in Agriculture Inventions

1701- English farmer Jethro Tull invents the seed drill- plants seed in rows

Tull also invents horse-drawn hoe- breaks up soil between rows of crops

Changes in Land Use Charles Townshend argued for

planting certain crops in the “resting” field which will restore nutrients to soil (Crop rotation)

Enclosure Movement-landowners fence off large amounts of public land for their own use Creation of larger fields allows

for the use of these new agricultural methods and machinery highly efficient

Able to grow more food to sustain the growing population

Advancements in Communication 1830’s- Two Englishmen

Charles Wheatstone and William Cooke, along with American F.B. Morse introduce the first telegraph.

1876- Alexander Graham Bell completes his work on the telephone

1909-1912 English inventor John Fleming and American Lee de Forest introduce early models of the radio

Changes in Power Sources

Early 1800’s-natural gas begins to be used to provide light and heat in factories-later began to be piped into homes

1859- Edwin Drake drills the first oil well in United States Petroleum(oil) becomes an

important power and fuel source 1831- British scientist Michael

Farraday moves a magnet outside a wire coil to create an electric current

1879-American Thomas A. Edison invents the electric light bulb 1882-electric generators begin

to be used to light city streets in London and New York

Challenges that Arise Workers Reform

Workers received low wages for long hours of work Women were paid half or less than half of what men made Children, some as young as five, were forced to work in

factories Working condition in factories were often unhealthy and

dangerous Industrial cities tended to be dirty and gloomy

Workers’ homes were close together and poorly constructed

Crime and sickness were at high levels in industrialized cities

1833-The Factory Acts Limits the amount of working hours allowed for women

and children Men expected to make most of family income by

working outside of home Woman tended to the daily needs of the family

Labor Unions Movement Unions- organizations of workers in particular

occupation or industry Collective Bargaining-union members elect

representatives to present their requests or demands to an employer-if demands are not met workers could go on strike

Blacklisting-employers brand selected workers as undesirable employees

Environmental concerns1. Air and water pollution becomes severe 2. Overcrowding in cities lead to poor living

conditions3. Spread of disease and illness due to large

population in small areas4. Need for natural resources

Look to Africa for those resources (Imperialism)

Assembly Line ChallengeYour group is applying for a job at a water lily factory where your task will be to make paper lilies to sell. Only 1 group in class will be hired and a challenge has been extended to see which group can make the most and best looking lilies in 5 minutes. There are five easy steps your group will follow during this challenge. Each person in the group must complete one of the five steps so you need to decide who is going to do what.

Lets go over the steps to this challenge a see what you are going to be making…

Water Lilies

There are five basic steps to making a lily.Step 1: Fold paper diagonally one way and then the other diagonal way. Unfold and bring corners of the paper to the middle.

Step 2: Fold the corners in 2 more times making the paper smaller each time.

Step 3: Unfold the outermost flaps partly to make the petals of the lily.

Step 4: Add your group’s color

Step 5: Add your group’s name to the bottom

Questions about the steps?????

Now decide who in your group is going to do each step…

Let the challenge begin…

Your group will have five minutes to see how many water lilies they can make.

Follow up discussion1. What was challenging about the

contest?2. How does this contest relate to the

factory systems during the Industrial Revolution?