glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway part 2: gluconeogenesis and ppp...
TRANSCRIPT
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Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and thePentose Phosphate Pathway
Part 2: Gluconeogenesis and PPP
Chapter 14
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Gluconeogenesis and PPP Learning Goals.
Know:
1. Entry to gluconeogenesis.
2. Glycolysis backwards: which enzymes are at Eq and those that are the drivers.
3. What makes some amino acids glucogenic.
4. Pentose Phosphate Pathway entry by glucose-6-P and transaldolases, transketolases.
5. Why the PPP is a web pathway.
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Gluconeogenesis Forms Sugars from Other Metabolites
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Going Forwards and Backwards
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The Beginning of Gluconeogenesis
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Pyruvate Carboxylase
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PEP Carboxykinase
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Pyruvate Actually Has Two Ways to PEP
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The End of Gluconeogenesis
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Gluconeogenesis Energetics
EOC Problem 21: overall energetics of Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis.
EOC Problem 22: Concept of a Futile Cycle.
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Pentose Phosphate Pathway Beginning
+aromatic amino acids + His
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SuperOxide Dismutase
NADPH and Oxygen Toxicity
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PPP Beginning from Glucose-6-Phosphate
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Lactonase
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6-Phosphogluconate DH
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Phosphopentose Isomerase (not an Epimerase)
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Ribose-5-Phosphate Epimerase
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PPP the Web like Pathway Stuck onto the Side of Glycolysis
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PPP Transketolases transfer 2 Carbon units
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PPP Transketolases transfer 2 Carbon units
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PPP Transaldolases transfer 3 Carbon units
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Another Transketolase
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PPP Arranged to Oxidize Glucose (6 in and 5 out)
6 Glucose-6-P
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Control of PPP by NADPH
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PPP Functions:1. Produce Ribose-5-P for Nucleotide Synthesis
2. Produce Ribose-5-P for His Synthesis
3. Produce Erythrose-4P for Trp, Tyr, Phe Synthesis WYF
4. Can Completely Oxidize Glucose
5. Source of NADPH (Biosynthesis, Oxygen Killing System)
6. Can be Rearranged to Calvin Cycle – Fix CO2
7. Other Specialized Reasons (Heterofermenters, etc. mainly in prokaryotes)
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Things to Know and Do Before Class
1. Entry to gluconeogenesis.
2. Glycolysis backwards: which enzymes are at Eq and those that are the drivers.
3. What makes some amino acids glucogenic.
4. Pentose Phosphate Pathway entry by glucose-6-P and transaldolases, transketolases.
5. Why the PPP is a web pathway.
6. EOC Problems: 21, 22, 25 – 27.