gm food final

8/13/2019 GM Food Final

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Tham Shi Yuan

Wong Qin Jiang


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Video: GM Food and You
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/gmfoodandyou.mp4http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/gmfoodandyou.mp4


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Selective Breeding Genetic Engineering

Test many plants for acertain trait

Cross-breed that plantwith the crop

Repeat until a strain ofcrop with that trait is

found

Conclusion: Unspecificso no confirm amountof time needed

Find and isolate genethat results in a certain

trait Can be from non-plant

organisms

Insert gene into crop

Conclusion: Specific somuch faster to do


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BenefitsControversies


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Tolerance / Resistant to: Pests (less pesticides used)

Herbicides

Diseases

Cold Drought

Salinity

Increases survival of crops Higher cropyield

More crops can be grown in less arable land

https://www.achooallergy.com/blog/images/gm_strawberries.jpg


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Increased nutritional value Undernourishment is a major problem in third

world countries such as those in Africa

Food can stay fresh for longer

Food may taste better


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Health risks Possible unknown, undetermined effects

Some long term consequences cannot be wellpredicted

Difficult to predict biological properties from theknowledge of its chemistry

Allergenicity Combining genes may cause possible new

allergens


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Religious issues Using genes of sacred animals

Break religious dietary laws

Judaism and Islam are concerned with using genes

of pigs


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conomical concerns Copyright

Patent enforcing difficult as cross-breeding mayspread the gene

Solution: Make seeds produced by crop sterile

Problem: Huge financial burden on third world farmers

Patenting may increase cost, making it unaffordablefor poor farmers


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Bt Crops in IndiaGM Rice in China


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Bt Cotton, Bt Brinjal, Bt Corn Produced by inserting a gene from the soil

bacterium Bacillus thuringiensisinto the crop

Induces the plant to produce its own Bt toxin

Bt toxin disrupts digestive processes and thus killsthe insects

However, Bt crops as part of GE technology cannot directly

increase yields Secondary pests are immune to Bt toxin

biotechnews.gov.in/new_img/full3be.jpg


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Health risks Problems with growth, organ development

and damage, immune responsiveness, etc.

Adverse human health impacts in farm

Factory workers with allergies

Itching skin, eruptions on body, swollenfaces, etc.

Powerful immune responses and abnormalcell growth in mice


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nvironmental hazards Increased pest resistivity

Insects are exposed to Bt toxin regularly

Develop a stronger and quicker resistance to thetoxin

Bt sprays become less effective

Effective life of Bt crop not more than 2-3 years

Evidence: After 12 to 13 generations, toxin wasineffective when used on bollworm


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Gene flow to wild relatives Bt crops grown close to wild relatives

Bt gene can be spread through pollen transfer

Wild plants act as weeds

Contaminates other species

Unable to address complexity of pest attack Use of pesticides is still required

Secondary pests which are immune to Bt toxinbecome primary pests


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Overview of study: GM rice grown in field trials

Benefited local farmers

Higher crop yield

Reduced pesticide use

Fewer pesticide-related health problems

Shows whether GM food crops can actuallyimprove farmer welfare

https://reader010.{domain}/reader010/html5/0620/5b29719b5


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conomic concerns High total input cost, no increase in yield

Costs of seeds of Bt crops are higher

Pesticides have to be used to get rid of secondarypests


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http://www.topnews.in/health/files/Pesticide.jpg

Potential benefits Higher crop yields

Yields of GM rice was 9 times greater thanconventional rice

Reduced use of pesticides

GM rice: pesticides applied less than once per season

Conventional rice: pesticides applied 3.7 times perseason

Quantity of pesticides applied to conventional rice was8-10 times as high as that applied to GM rice

Contributes to improved health of farmers


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GM foods can solve world hunger andundernourishment problems

Possibly help to save the environmentthrough lower use of chemicals

However, we must proceed with caution as

this has the potential to cause disastrousconsequences for messing with nature


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http://www.masternewmedia.org/images/modded.jpg http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/gmfood/overview

.php

http://www.howstuffworks.com/question148.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_food_controversies

http://www.greenpeace.org/india/campaigns/say-no-to-genetic-engineering/ge-crops-in-india-the-story

http://www.csa-

india.org/downloads/GE/bt_brinjal_briefing_paper.pdf

http://www.jyi.org/news/nb.php?id=208
http://www.masternewmedia.org/images/modded.jpghttp://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/gmfood/overview.phphttp://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/gmfood/overview.phphttp://www.howstuffworks.com/question148.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_food_controversieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_food_controversieshttp://www.greenpeace.org/india/campaigns/say-no-to-genetic-engineering/ge-crops-in-india-the-storyhttp://www.greenpeace.org/india/campaigns/say-no-to-genetic-engineering/ge-crops-in-india-the-storyhttp://www.csa-india.org/downloads/GE/bt_brinjal_briefing_paper.pdfhttp://www.csa-india.org/downloads/GE/bt_brinjal_briefing_paper.pdfhttp://www.jyi.org/news/nb.php?id=208http://www.jyi.org/news/nb.php?id=208http://www.csa-india.org/downloads/GE/bt_brinjal_briefing_paper.pdfhttp://www.csa-india.org/downloads/GE/bt_brinjal_briefing_paper.pdfhttp://www.csa-india.org/downloads/GE/bt_brinjal_briefing_paper.pdfhttp://www.greenpeace.org/india/campaigns/say-no-to-genetic-engineering/ge-crops-in-india-the-storyhttp://www.greenpeace.org/india/campaigns/say-no-to-genetic-engineering/ge-crops-in-india-the-storyhttp://www.greenpeace.org/india/campaigns/say-no-to-genetic-engineering/ge-crops-in-india-the-storyhttp://www.greenpeace.org/india/campaigns/say-no-to-genetic-engineering/ge-crops-in-india-the-storyhttp://www.greenpeace.org/india/campaigns/say-no-to-genetic-engineering/ge-crops-in-india-the-storyhttp://www.greenpeace.org/india/campaigns/say-no-to-genetic-engineering/ge-crops-in-india-the-storyhttp://www.greenpeace.org/india/campaigns/say-no-to-genetic-engineering/ge-crops-in-india-the-storyhttp://www.greenpeace.org/india/campaigns/say-no-to-genetic-engineering/ge-crops-in-india-the-storyhttp://www.greenpeace.org/india/campaigns/say-no-to-genetic-engineering/ge-crops-in-india-the-storyhttp://www.greenpeace.org/india/campaigns/say-no-to-genetic-engineering/ge-crops-in-india-the-storyhttp://www.greenpeace.org/india/campaigns/say-no-to-genetic-engineering/ge-crops-in-india-the-storyhttp://www.greenpeace.org/india/campaigns/say-no-to-genetic-engineering/ge-crops-in-india-the-storyhttp://www.greenpeace.org/india/campaigns/say-no-to-genetic-engineering/ge-crops-in-india-the-storyhttp://www.greenpeace.org/india/campaigns/say-no-to-genetic-engineering/ge-crops-in-india-the-storyhttp://www.greenpeace.org/india/campaigns/say-no-to-genetic-engineering/ge-crops-in-india-the-storyhttp://www.greenpeace.org/india/campaigns/say-no-to-genetic-engineering/ge-crops-in-india-the-storyhttp://www.greenpeace.org/india/campaigns/say-no-to-genetic-engineering/ge-crops-in-india-the-storyhttp://www.greenpeace.org/india/campaigns/say-no-to-genetic-engineering/ge-crops-in-india-the-storyhttp://www.greenpeace.org/india/campaigns/say-no-to-genetic-engineering/ge-crops-in-india-the-storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_food_controversieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_food_controversieshttp://www.howstuffworks.com/question148.htmhttp://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/gmfood/overview.phphttp://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/gmfood/overview.phphttp://www.masternewmedia.org/images/modded.jpg


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