gmo’s genetically modified organisms. selective breeding first stop on the tour of how man is...

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GMO’s GMO’s Genetically Modified Genetically Modified Organisms Organisms

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Page 1: GMO’s Genetically Modified Organisms. Selective Breeding First stop on the tour of how man is using science to control nature… First stop on the tour

GMO’s GMO’s

Genetically Modified Genetically Modified OrganismsOrganisms

Page 2: GMO’s Genetically Modified Organisms. Selective Breeding First stop on the tour of how man is using science to control nature… First stop on the tour

Selective BreedingSelective Breeding

First stop on the tour of how man is using First stop on the tour of how man is using science to control nature…science to control nature…

Meet the Super Cow VideoMeet the Super Cow Video

Page 3: GMO’s Genetically Modified Organisms. Selective Breeding First stop on the tour of how man is using science to control nature… First stop on the tour

GMO’sGMO’s

Subject full of controversySubject full of controversyA GMO is created by taking a gene from A GMO is created by taking a gene from

another organism and inserting it into the new another organism and inserting it into the new organism…organism…This creates an organism with ‘This creates an organism with ‘recombinant DNArecombinant DNA’’

Page 4: GMO’s Genetically Modified Organisms. Selective Breeding First stop on the tour of how man is using science to control nature… First stop on the tour

The ProcessThe Process

Research discovered Research discovered restriction enzymesrestriction enzymes – like molecular scissors– like molecular scissorsThey cut DNA so They cut DNA so genesgenes can be extracted can be extracted

The cut DNA has ‘The cut DNA has ‘sticky endssticky ends’, used to ’, used to reattach the gene to another piece of DNAreattach the gene to another piece of DNA

Page 5: GMO’s Genetically Modified Organisms. Selective Breeding First stop on the tour of how man is using science to control nature… First stop on the tour
Page 6: GMO’s Genetically Modified Organisms. Selective Breeding First stop on the tour of how man is using science to control nature… First stop on the tour

Process cont’d…Process cont’d…

1973 – gene for insulin production inserted 1973 – gene for insulin production inserted into into E. ColiE. ColiBacteria now produced insulin – large Bacteria now produced insulin – large

quantities could be gatheredquantities could be gathered

Previously, insulin was only gathered from the Previously, insulin was only gathered from the pancreas of dead animals and cadaverspancreas of dead animals and cadavers

This was a huge advance in genetic engineeringThis was a huge advance in genetic engineering

Page 7: GMO’s Genetically Modified Organisms. Selective Breeding First stop on the tour of how man is using science to control nature… First stop on the tour

Changing ScienceChanging Science

GMO’s have changed the way we treat:GMO’s have changed the way we treat:Diabetics (Diabetics (InsulinInsulin))Haemophiliacs (Haemophiliacs (Blood clotting factorBlood clotting factor))Dwarfism (Dwarfism (Human Growth HormoneHuman Growth Hormone))

Cost decreasedCost decreasedAccessibility increasedAccessibility increased

Page 8: GMO’s Genetically Modified Organisms. Selective Breeding First stop on the tour of how man is using science to control nature… First stop on the tour

Good with the BadGood with the Bad(don’t write this down… just read please!)(don’t write this down… just read please!)

FYI: Pigs & Transplants FYI: Pigs & Transplants Pigs organs are similar in size and shape Pigs organs are similar in size and shape

to humans; problem with transplants is to humans; problem with transplants is most commonly rejectionmost commonly rejection Scottish company removed gene from pigs that Scottish company removed gene from pigs that

causes rejection… now organs can be transplanted causes rejection… now organs can be transplanted into humans without fear of rejectioninto humans without fear of rejection

While this decreases wait time for organs and saves While this decreases wait time for organs and saves lives… risk is that humans could contract bovine lives… risk is that humans could contract bovine disease and spread it through human populationdisease and spread it through human population

Page 9: GMO’s Genetically Modified Organisms. Selective Breeding First stop on the tour of how man is using science to control nature… First stop on the tour

Did you know?

Glofish were the first pets to contain recombinant DNA! They took the gene that allowed jellyfish to glow, and inserted it into zebra fish.

Page 10: GMO’s Genetically Modified Organisms. Selective Breeding First stop on the tour of how man is using science to control nature… First stop on the tour

PlantsPlants

GMO research focuses mainly on plantsGMO research focuses mainly on plants Effort to increase yield and decrease need for pesticideEffort to increase yield and decrease need for pesticide

BT CornBT CornGene for Bt toxin from Gene for Bt toxin from

bacteria inserted bacteria inserted

into corn plantsinto corn plantsCorn now produces Corn now produces

natural insecticidenatural insecticide

Page 11: GMO’s Genetically Modified Organisms. Selective Breeding First stop on the tour of how man is using science to control nature… First stop on the tour

Flavr Savr TomatoFlavr Savr Tomato

First GMO plant licensed for human First GMO plant licensed for human consumptionconsumption Inserted gene gave tomato better flavour and Inserted gene gave tomato better flavour and

longer shelf lifelonger shelf life

http://archives.cbc.ca/lifestyle/food/topics/1597-10980/

Page 12: GMO’s Genetically Modified Organisms. Selective Breeding First stop on the tour of how man is using science to control nature… First stop on the tour

BREAK!BREAK!

Page 13: GMO’s Genetically Modified Organisms. Selective Breeding First stop on the tour of how man is using science to control nature… First stop on the tour

The ControversyThe Controversy

People are concerned the insertion of People are concerned the insertion of genes is ‘short – sighted’genes is ‘short – sighted’Not enough long term studies completed to Not enough long term studies completed to

see how the environment may be effectedsee how the environment may be effected

Page 14: GMO’s Genetically Modified Organisms. Selective Breeding First stop on the tour of how man is using science to control nature… First stop on the tour

Read this example: Read this example: Monarch ButterfliesMonarch Butterflies

Feeds on milkweed plants Feeds on milkweed plants (grow commonly near (grow commonly near cornfields)cornfields)Pollen from Bt corn lands Pollen from Bt corn lands

on milkweedon milkweedButterflies ingest insecticide Butterflies ingest insecticide

and die or are incapable of and die or are incapable of reproducingreproducing

Another fear: Bt corn pollen may also fertilize other corn populations… changing genetic makeup of corn FOREVER!

•Pollen travels up to 20km via the wind or bees

Page 15: GMO’s Genetically Modified Organisms. Selective Breeding First stop on the tour of how man is using science to control nature… First stop on the tour

Ex. 2: Ex. 2: Terminator Terminator GeneGene

Inserted gene makes it Inserted gene makes it impossible to use seeds impossible to use seeds generated from crops for generated from crops for future plantingsfuture plantingsMakes farmer depend Makes farmer depend

entirely on seed companyentirely on seed companyFarmers from many regions Farmers from many regions

cannot afford to buy seeds cannot afford to buy seeds each new growing seasoneach new growing season

Page 16: GMO’s Genetically Modified Organisms. Selective Breeding First stop on the tour of how man is using science to control nature… First stop on the tour

Controversy cont’d…Controversy cont’d…While there are many great While there are many great

things with genetic things with genetic engineering…engineering…Long-term impact on Long-term impact on

environment needs to be environment needs to be determineddetermined

Natural evolution of a species Natural evolution of a species takes decades… this takes decades… this technology makes changing technology makes changing DNA happen overnightDNA happen overnight

Page 17: GMO’s Genetically Modified Organisms. Selective Breeding First stop on the tour of how man is using science to control nature… First stop on the tour