© 2009 Rockwell Collins, Inc. All rights reserved.

"GNSS based applications and "GNSS based applications and developments"developments"Nottingham, 11 Nottingham, 11 novnov 0909

APPLICATIONS SHOWCASE 2009State of the Art in GNSS Applications

APPLICATIONS SHOWCASE 2009State of the Art in GNSS Applications

Okko F. BleekerDirector European R&D

Okko F. BleekerDirector European R&D

2/20The contents of this document are proprietary to Rockwell Collins, Inc.

GNSS Aviation applicationsGNSS Aviation applications

•• Aviation GNSS application principlesAviation GNSS application principles–– Aircraft flight guidance and control functionsAircraft flight guidance and control functions–– navigation and System architecture overviewnavigation and System architecture overview

•• Application developmentsApplication developments–– Reduction of minimums using SBASReduction of minimums using SBAS–– ADSADS--Broadcast operationsBroadcast operations

•• Recent demonstration projects and Recent demonstration projects and accomplishmentsaccomplishments

•• DiscussionDiscussion

3/20The contents of this document are proprietary to Rockwell Collins, Inc.

Aircraft sensorsAircraft sensors(current state vector)(current state vector)

Flight ControlFlight ControlSystemSystem

(conventional(conventionalor FBW)or FBW)

AFCSAFCS(Autopilot)(Autopilot)

Mission computerMission computer

Aircraft Aircraft -- flight guidance and control functionsflight guidance and control functions

Attitude/accelAttitude/accel

Velocity VectorVelocity Vector

Position in spacePosition in space

Reference trajectoryReference trajectory

ΔΔ

ΔΔ

ΔΔ

ΔΔ

Mission PlanMission Plan

4/20The contents of this document are proprietary to Rockwell Collins, Inc.

Position determination functionPosition determination function

•• Position in space Position in space -- Aviation Aviation applicationapplication–– High dependabilityHigh dependability–– TrustworthinessTrustworthiness–– PrecisionPrecision

•• Little ability to verifyLittle ability to verify

•• Generic ApproachGeneric Approach–– No reliance on single sourceNo reliance on single source

•• Overdetermination to achieve Overdetermination to achieve integrity, reliabilityintegrity, reliability

–– Typically multiTypically multi--source/dissimilarsource/dissimilar•• Dead reckoningDead reckoning•• FixingFixing

•• Complementary filtering for Complementary filtering for dependabilitydependability

•• Recursive filtering for long term Recursive filtering for long term accuracyaccuracy

Velocity VectorVelocity Vector

Position in spacePosition in space

Fixing• GNSS• DMEDead reckoning• Inertial• Air data

FixingFixing•• GNSSGNSS•• DMEDMEDead reckoningDead reckoning•• InertialInertial•• Air dataAir data

5/20The contents of this document are proprietary to Rockwell Collins, Inc.

Position determination functionPosition determination function

1.1. NavigationNavigation–– Continuity, Integrity, AccuracyContinuity, Integrity, Accuracy–– Fall back optionsFall back options

•• at the cost of accuracy, if unavoidable at the cost of accuracy, if unavoidable

–– Basis:Basis:•• Dead reckoningDead reckoning•• Periodic FixingPeriodic Fixing

–– to contain errorto contain error•• Complementarily filteredComplementarily filtered

–– To produce continuityTo produce continuity

2.2. Position reportingPosition reporting–– No need for navigation continuity & No need for navigation continuity &

fall backsfall backs–– Emphasis on precisionEmphasis on precision

•• At a minimum level of integrityAt a minimum level of integrity

–– Associated with monitoring aircraft Associated with monitoring aircraft positionposition

Fixing• GNSS• DMEDead reckoning• Inertial• Air data

FixingFixing•• GNSSGNSS•• DMEDMEDead reckoningDead reckoning•• InertialInertial•• Air dataAir data

6/20The contents of this document are proprietary to Rockwell Collins, Inc.

LPV LPV –– lateral, vertical precision and integritylateral, vertical precision and integrity

•• Control goodness depends Control goodness depends equally much on position, equally much on position, reference trajectory, processreference trajectory, process–– AccuracyAccuracy–– ResolutionResolution–– IntegrityIntegrity–– ContinuityContinuity

•• FMS Process (SW)FMS Process (SW)–– needs level B minimum needs level B minimum qualqual levellevel

•• Reference trajectoryReference trajectory–– =procedure=procedure–– FAS data block codingFAS data block coding–– endend--end process controlend process control

•• PositionPosition–– GNSSGNSS–– with SBAS with SBAS

Position in spacePosition in space

Reference trajectoryReference trajectory

ΔΔ

Mission PlanMission Plan

7/20The contents of this document are proprietary to Rockwell Collins, Inc.

GPS signal in space GPS signal in space vsvs latitudelatitude

600600

~GPS signal~GPS signal

8/20The contents of this document are proprietary to Rockwell Collins, Inc.

Visible satellites, Visible satellites, ‘‘maskmask--angleangle’’, masking by objects, masking by objects

9/20The contents of this document are proprietary to Rockwell Collins, Inc.

Unavailability of integrity (North Sea latitudes)Unavailability of integrity (North Sea latitudes)U

nava

ilabi

lity

of In

tegr

ity (m

ask=

5 de

g)

0.00

E+0

0

5.00

E-0

3

1.00

E-0

2

1.50

E-0

2

2.00

E-0

2

2.50

E-0

2

3.00

E-0

2

3.50

E-0

2

4.00

E-0

2

EGNJ

_Hum

bersi

de

EGPB

_Sum

burgh

EGPD

_Dyc

e

EGPM

_Sca

tsta

EGSH

_Norw

ich EHLW

_Lee

uward

enAB

EKEB

_Esb

jerg

ENBR

_Fles

land

ENZV

_Sola

Loca

tion

Probability

baro

una

idba

ro a

id

Una

vala

bilit

y of

Inte

grity

(mas

k=7,

5 de

g)

0.00

E+0

0

5.00

E-0

3

1.00

E-0

2

1.50

E-0

2

2.00

E-0

2

2.50

E-0

2

3.00

E-0

2

3.50

E-0

2

4.00

E-0

2

EGNJ

_Hum

bersi

de

EGPB

_Sum

burgh

EGPD

_Dyc

e

EGPM

_Sca

tsta

EGSH

_Norw

ich EHLW

_Lee

uward

enAB

EKEB

_Esb

jerg

ENBR

_Fles

land

ENZV

_Sola

Loca

tion

Probability

baro

una

idba

ro a

id

Una

vala

bilit

y of

Inte

grity

(mas

k=10

deg

)

0.00

E+0

0

5.00

E-0

3

1.00

E-0

2

1.50

E-0

2

2.00

E-0

2

2.50

E-0

2

3.00

E-0

2

3.50

E-0

2

4.00

E-0

2

EGNJ

_Hum

bersi

de

EGPB

_Sum

burgh

EGPD

_Dyc

e

EGPM

_Sca

tsta

EGSH

_Norw

ich EHLW

_Lee

uward

enAB

EKEB

_Esb

jerg

ENBR

_Fles

land

ENZV

_Sola

Loca

tion

Probability

baro

una

idba

ro a

id

North Sea area1*10-2/hr1*10-2/hr

10/20The contents of this document are proprietary to Rockwell Collins, Inc.

EGNOS geostationary

RIMS

• All visible satellites• Reference position surveyed (no overdetermination needed)• Error per pseudo range mapped• Integrity determined• Establishes SBAS messages

SBAS principleSBAS principle

• Diff error correction• Integrity• At minimal visible satellites

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EGNOS functions and performance (06 EGNOS functions and performance (06 novnov 09)09)

Source: ESA

good

poor

12/20The contents of this document are proprietary to Rockwell Collins, Inc.

GIANT, GPSGIANT, GPS--EGNOS LPV demonstrations, EGNOS LPV demonstrations, augaug--sep 08sep 08

Valencia, Bologna, aug-sep 08

13/20The contents of this document are proprietary to Rockwell Collins, Inc.

Approach altitude-range plot

2516

22642012

1761

15091258

1006

755

503252

00

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

dist to touchdown zone (naut mi)

alt (

ft)

altitude AGL

Summary available minimumsSummary available minimums

RNP/LPV minimums350-200 ft

RNP-BaroVNAVMinimums400-350 ft

RNP minimums600-400 ft

Approx FACF

14/20The contents of this document are proprietary to Rockwell Collins, Inc.

Main applicationsMain applications

1.1. NavigationNavigation–– Continuity, Integrity, AccuracyContinuity, Integrity, Accuracy–– Fall back optionsFall back options

•• at the cost of accuracy, if unavoidable at the cost of accuracy, if unavoidable

–– Basis:Basis:•• Dead reckoningDead reckoning•• Periodic FixingPeriodic Fixing

–– to contain errorto contain error•• Complementarily filteredComplementarily filtered

–– To produce continuityTo produce continuity

2.2. Position reportingPosition reporting–– No need for navigation continuity & No need for navigation continuity &

fall backsfall backs–– Emphasis on precisionEmphasis on precision

•• At a minimum level of integrityAt a minimum level of integrity

–– Associated with monitoring aircraft Associated with monitoring aircraft positionposition

Fixing• GNSS• DMEDead reckoning• Inertial• Air data

FixingFixing•• GNSSGNSS•• DMEDMEDead reckoningDead reckoning•• InertialInertial•• Air dataAir data

15/20The contents of this document are proprietary to Rockwell Collins, Inc.

ADS-BADS-B

MLatMLat

North Sea Helicopter ADS-B OperationsNorth Sea Helicopter ADSNorth Sea Helicopter ADS--B OperationsB Operations600600

LVNLLVNL

EurocontrolEurocontrol Shell/TFNSShell/TFNS

EASAEASA

16/20The contents of this document are proprietary to Rockwell Collins, Inc.

Satellite visibility and antenna placementSatellite visibility and antenna placement

17/20The contents of this document are proprietary to Rockwell Collins, Inc.

Tracked satellites, 231 (229) field observations

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Number of satellites

Freq

uenc

y

Tracked satellites

Compromised FDECompromised FDE

No positionNo position

North Sea area field observations (marNorth Sea area field observations (mar--juljul 09)09)

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Q4Q4 Q1Q1 Q2Q2 Q3Q3 Q4Q4 Q1Q1

2009 2010

1.1. Operational Concept descriptionOperational Concept description

2.2. AirAir--side side -- Requirements CaptureRequirements Capture

3.3. LandLand--side side –– Requirements CaptureRequirements Capture

4.4. Overall system and procedure designOverall system and procedure design

5.5. Certification Plan S61NCertification Plan S61N

6.6. Certification Plan S76BCertification Plan S76B

7.7. System design S61NSystem design S61N

8.8. System design S76BSystem design S76B

9.9. Test and Evaluation PlanTest and Evaluation Plan

10.10. Operational Demonstration PlanOperational Demonstration Plan

11.11. Test reportingTest reporting

12.12. Analysis, Conclusions and RecommendationsAnalysis, Conclusions and Recommendations

13.13. DisseminationDissemination

NSeaNSea ADSADS--B project, current stateB project, current state

T&ET&Edemodemo

mar09 nov 09(new NL AIC target date)

19/20The contents of this document are proprietary to Rockwell Collins, Inc.

Summary example current GNSS applicationsSummary example current GNSS applications

•• Localizer precision with vertical Localizer precision with vertical guidance (LPV)guidance (LPV)–– Flight management system functionFlight management system function–– Enables the aircraft to be descended Enables the aircraft to be descended

to lower minimumsto lower minimums–– On the basis of elevated navigation On the basis of elevated navigation

performanceperformance–– GNSS GNSS inclincl SBAS (EGNOS) basedSBAS (EGNOS) based

•• ADSADS--broadcastbroadcast–– North Sea helicopter operationsNorth Sea helicopter operations–– Low altitude, surveillanceLow altitude, surveillance–– Helicopter applicationHelicopter application–– Unaided GNSSUnaided GNSS

•• But possible need for SBASBut possible need for SBAS

–– Expect completion first quarter 2010Expect completion first quarter 2010

© 2009 Rockwell Collins, Inc. All rights reserved.

"GNSS based applications and "GNSS based applications and developments"developments"Nottingham, 11 Nottingham, 11 novnov 0909

APPLICATIONS SHOWCASE 2009State of the Art in GNSS Applications

APPLICATIONS SHOWCASE 2009State of the Art in GNSS Applications

"GNSS based applications and developments"GNSS Aviation applicationsAircraft - flight guidance and control functionsPosition determination functionPosition determination functionLPV – lateral, vertical precision and integrityGPS signal in space vs latitudeVisible satellites, ‘mask-angle’, masking by objectsUnavailability of integrity (North Sea latitudes)SBAS principleEGNOS functions and performance (06 nov 09)GIANT, GPS-EGNOS LPV demonstrations, aug-sep 08Summary available minimumsMain applicationsNorth Sea Helicopter ADS-B OperationsSatellite visibility and antenna placementNorth Sea area field observations (mar-jul 09)NSea ADS-B project, current stateSummary example current GNSS applications"GNSS based applications and developments"