Adding Materials are supplemented by putting more into them, while taking into account the practical effect on time allocation

Extending Expanding to supply more of the same -adds to the methodology by moving extensions of an existing outside it & developing it in new by aspect of content putting in a different language language skill/ new component

15Re-ordering Refers as putting the parts of a coursebook in a different order. Adjusting sequence within a unit.

including

5 Techniques in Adapting MaterialIs define as a process subsequent to, & dependent, on adoption

4

Simplifying One type of modification re-writing activity Normally to simplify sentence structure, grammatical structure & lexical content

2

Deleting/ omitting Materials is taken out

Subtracting Abridge the syllabus is not -changes are greater necessarily altered than subtracted does not have significant -have impact on overall Impact on overall methodology. methodology

including

3

Modifying internal change in the approach/ focus of an exercise/ other piece of material

re-writing re-structuring linguistic content receive modification -applies to classroom management change in focus is for materials to be -change structuring of the class tomade more communicate. suits with the materials provided may relate activities more closely tolearners background & interest.

including

Source: BookAuthors : Jo McDonough & Christopher ShawReference: McDonough J., Shaw C. (1993). Materials & Methods in ELT. Blackwell Publishers Inc.

Question 2: Which of those strategies do you apply the most?

Mostly, I apply the simplify strategy. This is because my students level of English proficiency are very low and I have to simplify most of my lessons to suit with their needs. Normally, I used this strategy when teaching the reading and writing skills. The sentence structure, grammatical structure and lexical content will be simpler for them to understand the learning better.

Question 3:

Simplifying One type of modification re-writing activity Normally to simplify sentence structure, grammatical structure & lexical content

Reasons of Adapting1. Depends on the teaching situation & one teachers priorities2. What the materials contain measured against the requirements of a particular teaching environment

Criteria in the process of adaptationCongruence/ match(to satisfy the demand of teaching material & also satisfying to those who learn from it)

External (What we have) Internal What material offer) Learner characteristics - Choice of topics Physical environment- Skills covered Resources- Proficiency level Class size- Grading of exercises