go higher arts lang 2010 1

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Introduction to Language

This Handout is interactive

To help you start to make notes fill in the blanks

You may of course add your own notes and jottings in the margins

M.E. Clinton [email protected] page 1
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Types of

Linguistic

Theoretical ---------------

--------------

Language

Structure

Grammar Meaning

the rules that words

combine into

phrases andsentences

Phonology

Foreign language

teaching

Speech therapy,

Lexicography and

TranslationDiscourse Analysis,

----------------------Speech Pathology.Phonology

The study of

-----------------------

Comparative

Linguistics and

Historical

Linguistics


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Divisions, Specialties, and Subfields

Phonetics, the study of the sounds of human language .

Phonology (or phonemics), the study of

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------

Morphology, the study of the internal structure of words

Syntax, the study of how words combine to form grammatical

sentences.

Semantics, the study of the meaning of words(lexical semantics)and fixed word combinations (phraseology), and how these

combine to form the meanings of sentences.

-----------------, the study of how utterances are used (literally,

figuratively, or otherwise) in communicative acts.

Discourse analysis, the study of sentences organized into texts.

Language acquisition, the study of how language is acquired

L1 Child Acquisition and L2 -----------------------------

Historical linguistics or Diachronic linguistics, the study of

languages whose historical relations are recognizable through

similarities in vocabulary, word formation, and syntax

Diachronic linguistics is also known as ----------------------

Psycholinguistics, the study of the cognitive processes and

representations underlying language use

-----------------------, the study of social patterns of linguistic

variability

Clinical linguistics, the application of linguistic theory to the

area of Speech-Language Pathology



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Neuro linguistics the study of the brain networks that

underlies grammar and communication



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Psycholinguistics

ComputationalLinguistics

Critical

Discourse

Analysis

Anthropological

Linguistics

And

Linguistic

Anthropology

Sociolinguistics

Contextual

Linguistics


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Period Theorist Notes

Ancient Tolkappiyanaar

Bhart hari

19th C. Jakob Grimm

Grimms Law

Karl Verner

Verners Law

August Schleicher

Stammbaumtheorie is

Johannes Schmidt

Wellentheorie is

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Period Theorist Notes

20th C. Ferdinand de

Saussure

Edward Sapir

Zellig Harris

Leonard Bloomfield

Contemporary Noam Chomsky

Michael Hoey



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SapirWhorf hypothesis A theory of the relationship between language and thought

expounded in its most explicit form by the American anthropological linguists

Edward Sapir (18841939) and Benjamin Lee Whorf (1897 1941). Also known

as the theory of linguistic relativity, the hypothesis states (in the words of Whorf)that we dissect nature along lines laid down by our native languages . . . by the

linguistic systems in our minds. The differences in world-view imposed by

different languages have, however, proved extremely difficult to elucidate or test

experimentally, and the fact of successful bilingual translation weakens the force

of the theorys claims; as a result, the SapirWhorf hypothesis has made little

impact on contemporary psycholinguistics, though the 1990s saw a renewed

interest from cognitive psycholinguists and others.

Crystal, D. (2008)A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics 6th Edition. p. 422



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Homework, you do not need any dictionaries or books, just

try to work it out.

Agta

Adapted by Tom Payne from Healey, Phyllis M. 1960. An Agta grammar. Manila: Bureau of printing.

The following list of words is from the Agta language of the Central Cagayan Valley

in the Northern island of Luzon, in the Philippines. There are now only about 600

speakers of this variety of Agta, although there are perhaps 10,000 people in the

Philippines who speak other varieties also known as Agta. The Agta people now

speak an Austronesian language similar to other languages spoken in the Philippines.

However, they are descended from the Melanesian people who were present in the

Philippines before the Austronesian peoples arrived. The Agta language is now

seriously endangered.

wer creek

balabahuy little pig

talobag beetle

bakbakat granny

palapirak little money

bahuy 'pig'

bag 'loincloth'

walawer 'little creek'

balabag 'little loincloth'takki leg

labang 'patch'

Now you have enough information to translate the following words into Central

Cagayan Agta:

'little leg.'

'money'

'little

beetle' (this is the word for 'lady bug.')

'little patch''little granny'

What is the rule for making diminutives in Agta?



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Rebus Puzzles

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2

3

4

5

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1. A cut above the rest

2. Forgive and forget

3. Tongue in cheek

4. Crossroads

5. Painless operation

6. Glance backwards

7. Rising price of rice


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