go to section: interest grabber rolling and folding some of the steps in cellular respiration take...
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Interest Grabber
Rolling and Folding
Some of the steps in cellular respiration take place in the membrane inside the cell structure called the mitochondrion, which has a folded inner membrane. What purpose do these folds serve?To find out the answer to this question, perform this activity.
Section 9-2
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Interest Grabber continued
1. Obtain two sheets of paper and a metric ruler. What is the surface area of the paper?
2. Roll one sheet of paper into a tube lengthwise. What is the surface area of the rolled paper?
3. Fold the second sheet of paper into a fan. Then, roll the firstsheet of paper around the folded paper so it is inside the rolled paper.What has happened to the surface area of the inside of the rolled paper?
4. What would be the value of increasing the surface area of the membrane inside a mitochondrion?
Section 9-2
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Interest Grabber continued
1.Obtain two sheets of paper and a metric ruler. What is the surface area of the paper?
The area will vary depending on the size of paper used. A sheet of notebook paper has an area of approximately 600 cm3.
Section 9-2
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Interest Grabber continued
2.Roll one sheet of paper into a tube lengthwise. What is the surface area of the rolled paper?
The surface area is the same as the original sheet of paper.
Section 9-2
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Interest Grabber continued
3.Fold the second sheet of paper into a fan. Then, roll the firstsheet of paper around the folded paper so it is inside the rolled paper.What has happened to the surface area of the inside of the rolled paper? The surface area has increased (surface area of rolled paper + surface area of folded paper).
Section 9-2
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Interest Grabber continued
4. What would be the value of increasing the surface area of the membrane inside a mitochondrion? Increasing the surface area increases the amount of space where chemical reactions can take place.
Section 9-2
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Section Outline
9–2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron TransportA. The Krebs Cycle
B. Electron Transport
C. The Totals
D. Energy and Exercise
1. Quick Energy
2. Long-Term Energy
E. Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Section 9-2
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Glucose
Glycolysis Krebs cycle
Electrontransport
Fermentation (without oxygen)
Alcohol or lactic acid
Chemical Pathways
Section 9-1
The “fork in the road” happens following glycolysis. It just depends if oxygen is absent or present in deciding the path it takes next.
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Citric Acid Production
Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle
Section 9-2
Mitochondrion
We will focus on the citric acid production first.
Video 1
• Chapter 09A.mpg video
Video 1
Aerobic Respiration
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Flowchart
Section 9-2
Glucose(C6H1206)
+Oxygen
(02)
GlycolysisKrebsCycle
ElectronTransport
Chain
Carbon Dioxide
(CO2)+
Water(H2O)
Cellular Respiration
We will next focus on the Krebs Cycle. This is the path that is taken when oxygen is present.
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Citric Acid Production
Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle
Section 9-2
Mitochondrion
Video 3
• Chapter 09C.mpg video
Video 3
Krebs Cycle, Part 1
•The end product of glycolysis was pyruvic acid (also known as pyruvate). The pyruvic acid enters the mitochondrion.•The pyruvic acid & coenzyme A combine to form acetyl-CoA.•1 carbon atom from pyruvic acid becomes part of carbon dioxide and is released into the air.
•1 CO2 and 1 NADH are produced.
Krebs Cycle Animation-(select #1)
Acetyl-CoA Formation:
Krebs Cycle Animation-(select #2)
Citric Acid Formation:
•Pyruvic acid combines with oxaloacetic acid (oxaloacetate) to form citric acid, a 6-carbon molecule.
Krebs Cycle Animation-(select #3)
Electron Carriers are Reduced:
•In each turn of the Krebs cycle, the cell quickly converts a molecule GTP (guanosine triphosphate) into ADP producing ATP.
•A pair of high-energy electrons is accepted by electron carriers, changing NAD+ to NADH and FAD into FADH2.
Video 4
• Chapter 09D.mpg video
Video 4
Krebs Cycle, Part 2
Krebs Cycle (continued)
•1 pyruvic acid generates 3 CO2
4 NADH
1 FADH2
1 ATP
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Flowchart
Section 9-2
Glucose(C6H1206)
+Oxygen
(02)
GlycolysisKrebsCycle
ElectronTransport
Chain
Carbon Dioxide
(CO2)+
Water(H2O)
Cellular Respiration
We will next focus on the Electron Transport Chain.
Video 5
• Chapter 09E.mpg
Video 5
Electron Transport Chain, Part 1
Video 6
• Chapter 09F.mpg video
Video 6
Electron Transport Chain, Part 2
Electron Transport Chain Animation-(select start, continue, and #1)
Electron Transport Chain:
•High-energy electrons from NADH are passed along the electron transport chain.
•Every time 2 high-energy electrons transport down the electron transport chain, their energy is used to transport hydrogen ions (H+) across the membrane.
Electron Transport Chain Animation-(select start, continue, and #2)
Electron Transport Chain:
•High-energy electrons from FADH2 are passed along the electron transport chain.
•Every time 2 high-energy electrons transport down the electron transport chain, their energy is used to transport hydrogen ions (H+) across the membrane.
Electron Transport Chain Animation-(select start, continue, and #3)
Electron Transport Chain:
•The high concentration of hydrogen ions in the intermembrane space represents potential energy that is harnessed to make ATP.
•As H+ escape through protein channels, ATP synthase spin.
•Each time is rotates, ATP synthase grabs a low-energy ADP and attaches a phosphate forming ATP.
Electron Transport Chain:
At the end of the electron transport chain, is an enzyme that combines the electrons with the hydrogen ions and oxygen to form water.
Oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain.
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Figure 9–7 Electron Transport Chain
Section 9-2
Electron TransportHydrogen Ion Movement
ATP Production
ATP synthase
Channel
Inner Membrane
Matrix
Intermembrane Space
Mitochondrion
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GlucoseGlycolysis
Cytoplasm
Pyruvic acid
Electrons carried in NADH
Krebs Cycle
Electrons carried in
NADH and FADH2 Electron
Transport Chain
Mitochondrion
Figure 9–2 Cellular Respiration: An Overview
Mitochondrion
Section 9-1
• KREBS CYCLE• (also called the ___________ CYCLE)
• Happens in ___________
• NADPH donates _______________• ATP donates _________________
• CO2 donates _________________________
• to make __________•
mitochondria
Citric acid
ENERGY
STROMA
Hydrogen
Carbon & oxygen
GLUCOSE
SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS
• 9-12.L.1.1. Students are able to relate cellular functions and processes to specialized structures within cells.
• Photosynthesis and respiration• ATP-ADP energy cycle
Role of enzymesMitochondriaChloroplasts
LIFE SCIENCE:Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things
Core High School Life SciencePerformance Descriptors
High school students performing at the
ADVANCED level:
analyze chemical reaction and chemical processes involved in the Calvin Cycle and Krebs Cycle;
predict the function of a given structure;
High school students performing at the
PROFICIENT level:
describe and give examples of chemical reactions required to sustain life (…role of enzymes)
describe and give examples of chemical reactions required to sustain life (hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, ADP/ATP, role of enzymes);
describe the relationship between structure and function
High school students performing at the
BASIC level
name chemical reactions required to sustain life (… role of enzymes)
name chemical reactions required to sustain life (hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, ADP/ATP, role of enzymes);
recognize that different structures perform different functions;
SOUTH DAKOTA ADVANCED SCIENCE STANDARDS
• 9-12.L.1.1A. Students are able to explain the physical and chemical processes of photosynthesis and cell respiration and their importance to plant and animal life. (SYNTHESIS)
• Examples: Krebs Cycle
LIFE SCIENCE:Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things.
Internet
• Links from the authors on Creatine
• Share kimchi lab data
• Interactive test
• For links on cellular respiration, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-3091.
• For links on the Krebs cycle, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-3092.
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