GOAL 3 PART 1:

US Imperialism 1890-1915

ESSENTIAL STANDARDSAND GENERALIZATIONS

USH2.H.3 Understand the factors that led to exploration, settlement, movement, and expansion and their impact on

United States development over time.• USH2.H.3.1 Analyze how economic, political, social, military and

religious factors influenced United States imperialism

Generalizations:• Industrialization and technological innovations in some countries and

not others can change the global distribution of power and authority.• International competition for political and military control over limited

resources, such as land and water, can lead to open conflict.• Cultural differences often lead to misguided beliefs about the

inferiority and/or superiority of certain groups.

US TROOP DEPLOYMENT - 2015

IMPERIALISM• The policy in which a stronger nation extends their economic, political, and

military control over a weaker territories

• Dawn of American Imperialism - late 19th early 20th century

• Jingoism: extreme patriotism in the form of aggressive foreign policy / supported by WAR!!

• Imperialism / Jingoism – can be justified by (1) Social Darwinism “Survival of the

Fittest” “Natural Selection / Law”(2) Manifest Destiny (Religion / God)

3 MAIN GOALS OF IMPERIALISM

1. Militarism(Purpose: compete with rest of the world by building global military bases)

2. New Markets & Trade (Purpose: America is experiencing overproduction, unemployment and economic depression *solution = foreign trade)

3. Nationalism: Belief in cultural superiority (Purpose: responsibility of spreading Christianity)

PRESIDENT WILLIAM MCKINLEY

• Wins the 1896 Presidential Election (after Cleveland)• (Remember: ran against William Jennings Bryan /

bimetallism)• William McKinley “SUPPORTS” Imperialism!!!• Response: 1898, Congress and McKinley claimed

Hawaii as an American territory (not allowing them to vote)• Hawaii becomes the 50th state in 1959

(1) MILITARISM: DESIRE FOR MILITARY STRENGTH

• U.S. wanted a stronger military **** Alfred T. Mahan ****- urged the government to build up the

U.S. Naval power in order to “compete” with other countries

- The Influence of Sea Power Upon History

- leads to the creation of the “Great White Fleet” – represents the signs of America’s “growing” military power!

Military/Strategic InterestsMilitary/Strategic Interests

Alfred T. Mahan The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783

Alfred T. Mahan The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783

TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S GREAT WHITE FLEET

• A worldwide CRUISE to project growing American military strength!

(2) THIRST FOR NEW MARKETS

• Why do we need new markets?• *Technology enabled factories to produce far more

what citizens could consume or purchase (Overproduction)

• Foreign trade could be seen as a solution to the problem of overproduction

• Define: • Extractive Economies -• Commodity-

(3) NATIONALISM:BELIEF IN CULTURAL SUPERIORITY

• *Social Darwinism*• The Americans had the “responsibility” to

“civilize” the rest of the world through Christianity and other aspects of American culture.

• “White Man’s Burden”-ANGLO-SAXONISM • By: Rudyard Kipling, published in 1899• Topic: It is the Anglo-Saxon’s “responsibility” to

colonize other cultures and teach them / • Interpretation: Racism and Ethnocentrism • judging another culture solely by the

values and standards of one's own culture.

US AND BRITAIN WILL “CIVILIZE” THE “SAVAGES” OF THE WORLD!

GOAL 3 PART 1:

US Imperialism 1890-1915

ESSENTIAL STANDARDSAND GENERALIZATIONS

USH2.H.3 Understand the factors that led to exploration, settlement, movement, and expansion and their impact on

United States development over time.• USH2.H.3.1 Analyze how economic, political, social, military and

religious factors influenced United States imperialism

Generalizations:• Industrialization and technological innovations in some countries and

not others can change the global distribution of power and authority.• International competition for political and military control over limited

resources, such as land and water, can lead to open conflict.• Cultural differences often lead to misguided beliefs about the

inferiority and/or superiority of certain groups.

THE U.S. ACQUIRES ALASKA

• William Seward (Secretary of State) Arrangement: Seward wanted to purchase Alaska from RUSSIA for $7.2 million.• House of Rep. did not like it!

Nickname: SEWARD’S FOLLY / SEWARD’S ICEBOX1867 – Alaska was purchased!Why did we want it? Timber, minerals and oil~

THE U.S. “TAKES” HAWAII

• 1867, The U.S. took over Midway Islands, north of Hawaiian islands• Hawaii: Economically important to U.S.• Stop there on our way to China *(trade)• U.S. convinces the Hawaiian culture to let them

build “PEARL HARBOR” – the Kingdom’s best port! (refueling station for U.S.)

END OF THE HAWAIIAN MONARCHY

• King Kalakaua was “strong armed” by America• KK was forced to amend their constitution and

allow ONLY landowners to VOTE• KK died and his sister took over

• *Queen Liliuokalani*• “HAWAII FOR HAWAIIANS” - wanted to

remove the property-ownership qualification from voting rights in Hawaii

HAWAIIAN MONARCHY

REACTION TO QUEEN L’S DECISION

• American revolution (U.S. TAKES HAWAII)• Leader: Sanford B Dole: (overthrew the Queen

and established an American “protectorate” • Protectorate: a country whose affairs are

partially controlled by a stronger power / nation.

• President Cleveland directed the Queen to be “put back” onto her thrown!• Dole says no! (proves Pres. Cleveland was

weak)• President Cleveland WILL NOT annex Hawaii

unless the majority of Hawaiians VOTE for being part of America!!!

U.S. ISOLATIONISM

• Precedent set by George Washington• Imperialism would force U.S. to

maintain large, expensive military• Contrary to American principles

of freedom, self-determination, democracy• Racism/Ethnocentrism: U.S.

couldn’t assimilate large populations of foreign races

Anti-Imperialist, Mark Twain

PROMOTION AND OPPOSITION OF IMPERIALISM

• Justifying / promoting Imperialism• Social Darwinism• Manifest Destiny• Desire to build up military strength• Thirst for new markets• Cultural Superiority

• Opposing Imperialism*Anti-Imperialism League- Imperialism would force U.S. to maintain large, expensive military- Contrary to American principles of freedom, self-determination,

democracy- Racism/Ethnocentrism: U.S. couldn’t assimilate large populations of

foreign races