goal: learn the historical background to psych warm-up: exploring our opinions sheet
TRANSCRIPT
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GOAL: Learn the historical background to Psych
WARM-UP: Exploring our opinions sheet
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JUNK SCIENCE VS. JUNK SCIENCE VS. PSYCHOLOGYPSYCHOLOGY
Junk Science research is based on faulty, insufficient, unreliable, twisted, dredged up, or biased data.
It often has a hidden agenda!!Here are some points to consider
when reading statistics.Says Who? How did they ask why? What are alternative explanations?
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What Wouldn’t We Know w/o Psychology?
Memory and perception are influenced by altering just a single verb in a sentence
Jamming an ice pick throughthe orbital plate and scramblingthe frontal lobe is a bad idea
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What Wouldn’t We Know w/o Psychology?As a group, humans do nothing to help a
person being raped and stabbed to death
Shooting a steel rod throughyour head can seriously alteryour personality
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Certain colors can change or mood or mindset
We can study the ways to get other people to do what we want.
What Wouldn’t We Know w/o Psychology?
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Freud believed that all boys fall in love with their moms as young children and all girls fall for their dads.
Human beings and animals can experienced learned helplessness – they just give up. (abusive relationships)
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What Wouldn’t We Know w/o Psychology?
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What Wouldn’t We Know w/o Psychology?Non-conscious informationinfluences perception andaction (illusion of free will?)
We are born with universal grammar able to, potentially, learn any language at birth.
65% of humans wouldknowingly give a lethalelectric shock to a stranger
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PSYCHOLOGYpsycho “mind” , “mental”
logy “science”
science of behavior and mental processes
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What is ‘Psychology’?Ancient Greek psukhe + logosModern psyche + ology“Science of the Mind and Human Behavior”
Mind interacts with behavior, and vice versaMany schools of thought and research
methods in psychology
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What is ‘Psychology’?“Mind” vs. “Brain”Can’t see cognitionand mental operationBrain is physicallyobservable through EEG/ERPfMRI, PET, MRI, MEGIs the mind simply a byproduct of physical
brain activity?
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Is it all “Mind and Behavior”?Many sciences contribute to psychology
Psychology
Medicine Linguistics
Biology
ComputerScience
Sociology
Chemistry
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Is it all “Mind and Behavior”?Many factors influence behaviorBehavior can be studied different levels
Biological/Physiological Level
Psychological Level
Environmental Level
Behavior-X
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Is it all “Mind and Behavior”?Example: Factors underlying alcoholism?
“Behavior”Alcoholism
Biological Factors Psychological Factors
Environmental FactorsOther Factors
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Areas of Psychological ResearchBasic Research
Controlled laboratoryBasic, fundamental problems
Applied ResearchRealistic settingsSolving practical problems
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Areas of Psychological ResearchBasic Research Areas Applied Research Areas
Physiological Research Health Psychology
Behavior Analysis School Psychology
Behavior Genetics Consumer Psychology
Comparative Psychology Community Psychology
Cognitive Neuroscience Clinical Neuropsychology
Developmental Psychology
Organizational Psychology
Social Psychology Engineering Psychology
Personality Psychology Forensic Psychology
Evolutionary Psychology
Clinical Psychology
Cross-Cultural Psychology
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Big Questions in Psychology“Mind-Body Debate”“Is the mind physical or non-physical?”
Can non-physical control physical“Nature-Nurture Debate”
Internal (genetic) vs. external (learning) influences
“How do you quantify mental processes?”
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Goals of PsychologyUltimate goal is to explain some behavior
Describing the BehaviorIdentifying Potential CausesPredicting the Behavior
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Psychology as a science Uses scientific
principles
Carefully designed methods
Precise procedures
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Psychology as the science of behavior and mental processes Psychologists observe
many aspects of human functioning
overt actions social relationships mental processes emotional responses physiological reactions
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Three Principles of Scientific Behavior Objectivity
Evaluating research and the theory based on their merits, without preconceived ideas or biases.
Accuracy Gathering data from laboratory and the real world in
precise ways Healthy Skepticism
Curious view of the data, hypotheses, and theories until results are repeated, verified and established over time.
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Why Study Psychology?What could be more interesting than how we
(humans) function?!?!Increases awareness of yours and others’
behaviorsGood major, double-major or minor
Topics span many disciplinesIs a very challenging topic
Teaches and requires critical thinking
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Test Question4 goals:DEPI
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DEPIUsing the answers you entered on the index card yesterday as the 4 goals of psychology, choose a problem in today’s society and fill in the corresponding information.