SEMINAR ON

GOAL ORIENTED PROJECT PLANNING FOR EFFECTIVE

PROBLEM SOLVING

By-Vinaya Kumar H M

Ph.D scholar

OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION Introduction

Clarification of concepts Types of plans Principles of GOPP Description of GOPP steps GOPP for problem solving

INTRODUCTION

Leon. J. Rosenberg Management tool Bilateral and Multilateral NGO’s Mandatory for Financial aid Participatory

If you really want to do something you’ll find the way;

If you don’t, You’ll find an excuse.

- Jim Rohn

To understand the GOPP and its related concepts

To get an insight about the procedure and steps involved in GOPP

To use GOPP as a tool for effective problem solving

UNDERSTANDING OF GOPP AND ITS

RELATED CONCEPTS

Goal reflects our purpose in the life and have wide-spread impact on our lives

‘A’ Priority Goals – “MUST DO” Goals

‘B’ Priority Goals – “DESIRABLE TO DO” Goals

‘C’ Priority Goals – “CAN WAIT” Goals

Innovative Village Preparatory Project

Goal

The longer term or wider objective

Objective:Immediate aims of the project –

what is set out to do

Outcomes Effects or change in the project aims to

bring about.

Outputs What the project will specially deliver. Task to be completed or activities to

be implemented.

ActivitiesWhat needs to be done to achieve the

outputs.

GOPP GOPP stands for Goal Oriented Project

(Programme or Participatory) Planning. Also know as OOPP In French GOPP know as PIPO In German as ZOPP LF is also used as a term

GOPP An innovative tool

interactive workshops

Using the GOPP approach, all the stakeholders and (future) partners are involved

GOPP HAS POTENTIAL USE Used in a wide variety of situations since the

1980s and has proved to be robust and effective in helping groups defining clear objectives and designing related action plans

An excellent method for improving team effectiveness, HRM and problem solving

Planning and re-planning of interventions

The idea of GOPP is to make sure

• That decisions are reached and recorded• That if anything left undecided the reasons for

this are agreed and • That team members reach a consensus on the

aims and actions of the project.• Key to it all is the facilitator, who remains

neutral and ensures objectivity.

GOPP aims:• To improve the quality of the analysis made by the group

of partners in the design phase of a project • To make the project more coherent and transparent by

clarifying the responsibilities of each partner• To provide trust and self-confidence to project partners• To improve the capacity of the group of partners to

achieve more results in a limited time • To create accountability • A planning instrument

Types of plans in the management sectors

• Purposes or missions • Objectives • Strategies • Policies • Procedure • Rules • Programmes and • Budgets

Strategic Management Model

Strategy Formulation

Strategy Implementation

Evaluation and Control

Mission

Objectives

Strategies

Policies

Feedback/Learning

Environmental Scanning

Societal Environment

General Forces

Task Environment

Industry Analysis

Structure Chain of Command

Resources Assets, Skills

Competencies, Knowledge

Culture Beliefs, Expectations,

Values

Reason for existence

What results to accomplish by when Plan to

achieve the mission & objectives Broad

guidelines for decision making

Programs

Activities needed to accomplish a plan

Budgets

Cost of the programs Procedures

Sequence of steps needed to do the job

Process to monitor performanceand take corrective action

Performance

External

Internal

THE HIERARCHY OF PLANS

PERT (Programme Evaluation Review Technique) and CPM (Critical Path Method)• Techniques of project management useful in

the basic managerial functions of Planning scheduling and control

• used to break down the large projects to individual jobs or events and arranged in a logical network

• Plan your work first…..then work your plan

Activity

Activ

ity

Activity

Activity

Activit

y

Activity

Activity

Activity

Activity

Activity Activ

ity

Activity

PERT and Time Estimates

Optimistic Time Estimate

Pessimistic Time Estimate

Most probable/ Most likely Time Estimate

The PERT Assumption

Activities are independent

The CPM Model

• A “Deterministic” rather than “probabilistic” model

• Allows for variations in job times as the planned and expected outcome of resource assignments

• Advantages of CPM and PERT

The procedure and steps involved in GOPP

GOPP: Principles and Steps

Principles of GOPP

• Planning is done logically and completely

documented

• Planning is done in groups, together with those who

have to implemented

• Planning first determines the goal and then the

appropriate measure to achieve the goal

Objectives of GOPP

• Identify potential participants in a project

• Improve communication and cooperation

• Analyze the causes and effects of a given core

problem

• Define realistic, definite and sustainable project

objectives

• Clarify the scope of responsibility of project participants

• Specify necessary project inputs/activities necessary to achieve results and

• Provide sound basis for supervising projects, monitoring and controlling progress, evaluating impact and making appropriate changes when necessary

Steps involved in GOPP • 1 Analysis of project´s Context• 2 Analysis of Stakeholders• 3 Problem Analysis/Situation Analysis• 4 Objectives Analysis• 5 Plan of Activities• 6 Plan of Resources/Inputs• 7 Indicators/measurements• 8 Risk Analysis • 9 Analysis of Assumptions

Problem analysis

Complex Problem Diagram

Example of Problem Tree

Example of a Project Planning Matrix

GOPP FOR PROBLEM SOLVING

• A problem is the difference between someone’s actual state and the state he wants to be in.

• A well-defined problem is already half way to being solved

• The seriousness of the anticipated efforts of a problem determines both how the problem is perceived and how urgently a solution is sought

PHASES OF GOPP PROCESS

Preparation stage

Execution stage

Evaluation stage

• The principles of GOPP ensures and confirm that it is an effective tool for defining the problem and solving it effectively.

• It helps to retain what has proved successful, remember the steps which improved progress and discover the weak points

• GOPP assists extension in problem-solving by lending support to people in solving their problem by helping them to analyze it in a structured way, as well as by informing and motivating them to solve it.

Benefits of Structured Problem Solving process

Remove time lost in debate Identify weak points in processesDiscover systemic causesExplain with reasons why an incident occurredGives a factual representation of the incidentCompare what actually happened against what

should have happened, at any point during the incident

It avoids the complexity of reality

Conclusion

• The primary strength of the technique is considered to be the principle of basing all planning on the analysis of existing problems, as perceived by those who actually have to deal with them

• This anchors each plan in reality, assures its relevance and ensures that the interests of the ‘beneficiaries’ are served first and foremost, rather than those of the ‘suppliers’